NT-proBNP在胸闷胸痛患者发生心血管死亡事件中的预测价值

目的:探讨氨基末端B型钠尿肽原(NT-proBNP)在胸闷胸痛患者发生心血管死亡事件中的预测价值。方法:对我院2006年1月至2015年6月因胸闷胸痛入院治疗的290例患者进行随访调查,根据是否死亡或再入院进行分组,分为死亡组(9例)和非死亡组(281例)及再入院组(67例)和非再入院组(223例)。分别比较各组患者的基本资料、血清学指标,并针对结果进行Logistic回归和受试者工作曲线(ROC)分析。结果:死亡组和再入院组患者的NT-proBNP水平均高于未死亡组和未再入院组(P0.05);NT-proBNP是心血管事件死亡的影响因素(OR=1.96,95%CI:1.13~3.37),其中年龄校正后,NT-proBNP对心血管事件死亡的影响无统计学意义(P0.05);性别、多支病变、支架植入、cTnT、Lp(a)及CK因素调整后,NT-proBNP对因心血管事件死亡均存在促进作用(OR1,P0.05);NT-proBNP的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.721(95%CI:0.510~0.921)。结论:NT-proBNP在胸闷胸痛患者发生心血管死亡事件中具有一定的预测价值,NT-proBNP水平越高,发生心血管死亡事件的风险越高。     

胸腔镜下肺叶切除术后早期拔出胸管的管理策略及可行性

目的:探讨胸腔镜下肺叶切除术后高引流量时早期拔出胸管的管理策略及可行性。方法:回顾性分析2011年1月至2014年1月所有接受完全胸腔镜辅助肺叶切除患者的临床资料,所有的患者术后均留置一根胸管,以"无漏气并且引流量≤300 m L/24h"为标准拔出胸管,分析患者胸管的拔出情况及并发症的发生情况。结果:本组共包括221例单肺叶切除和9例双肺叶切除,91.3%的患者完成了硬膜外麻醉,胸管中位引流时间为1天。62.6%的患者在术后24小时内胸管被拔出,86%的患者在48小时内拔出胸管。12例患者(5.2%)出现持续漏气,4例患者(1.7%)拔管后出现气胸。结论:全胸腔镜下肺叶切除术后以"无漏气并且引流量≤300 m L/24 h"为标准拔出胸管,62.6%的患者在24小时内拔管安全,86%的患者在术后48小时内拔管安全。     

In vivo skin dose measurement using MOSkin detectors in tangential breast radiotherapy

The purpose of this study is to measure patient skin dose in tangential breast radiotherapy. Treatment planning dose calculation algorithm such as Pencil Beam Convolution (PBC) and in vivo dosimetry techniques such as radiochromic film can be used to accurately monitor radiation doses at tissue depths, but they are inaccurate for skin dose measurement. A MOSFET-based (MOSkin) detector was used to measure skin dose in this study. Tangential breast radiotherapies (“bolus” and “no bolus”) were simulated on an anthropomorphic phantom and the skin doses were measured. Skin doses were also measured in 13 patients undergoing each of the techniques. In the patient study, the EBT2 measurements and PBC calculation tended to over-estimate the skin dose compared with the MOSkin detector (p < 0.05) in the “no bolus radiotherapy”. No significant differences were observed in the “bolus radiotherapy” (p > 0.05). The results from patients were similar to that of the phantom study. This shows that the EBT2 measurement and PBC calculation, while able to predict accurate doses at tissue depths, are inaccurate in predicting doses at build-up regions. The clinical application of the MOSkin detectors showed that the average total skin doses received by patients were 1662 ± 129 cGy (medial) and 1893 ± 199 cGy (lateral) during “no bolus radiotherapy”. The average total skin doses were 4030 ± 72 cGy (medial) and 4004 ± 91 cGy (lateral) for “bolus radiotherapy”. In some cases, patient skin doses were shown to exceed the dose toxicity level for skin erythema. Hence, a suitable device for in vivo dosimetry is necessary to accurately determine skin dose.     

An automated method to morph finite element whole-body human models with a wide range of stature and body shape for both men and women

Field data analyses have shown that small female, obese, and/or older occupants are at increased risks of death and serious injury in motor-vehicle crashes compared with mid-size young men. The current adult finite element (FE) human models represent occupants in the same three body sizes (large male, mid-size male, and small female) as those for the contemporary adult crash dummies. Further, the time needed to develop an FE human model using the traditional method is measured in months or even years. In the current study, an improved regional mesh morphing method based on landmark-based radial basis function (RBF) interpolation was developed to rapidly morph a mid-size male FE human model into different geometry targets. A total of 100 human models with a wide range of human attributes were generated. A pendulum chest impact condition was applied to each model as an initial assessment of the resulting variability in response. The morphed models demonstrated mesh quality similar to the baseline model. The peak impact forces and chest deflections in the chest pendulum impacts varied substantially with different models, supportive of consideration of population variation in evaluating the occupant injury risks. The method developed in this study will enable future safety design optimizations targeting at various vulnerable populations that cannot be considered with the current models.     

胸部创伤的临床研究进展

虽然胸部创伤的处理方法复杂多样,但随着多层螺旋CT的应用以及低侵入性诊断手段如电视辅助胸腔镜和血管内修复技术的发展,胸部创伤的诊断与治疗正变得相对快捷和详尽。近年来,体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)疗法进一步降低了胸部创伤患者的死亡率。本文将就不同胸部创伤及对机体的影响、相关诊断与处理的临床研究进展进行综述。     

尿液分析及胸部X 线筛查重度感染或者脓毒性休克感染源的回顾性分析

目的:评估重症监护室的重症感染或者脓毒性休克患者尿常规检查和胸部X线检查的准确性。方法:回顾性分析我院进入重症监护室的确诊为重症感染或者脓毒性休克的患者,收集所有入组患者的个人情况,进入监护室以后的尿液检查结果、胸部X线检查结果,以及体液细菌学培养的结果,分析上述数据与诊断泌尿系感染或者肺部感染之间关系。结果:我们回顾了400例患者,其中70例患者确诊为重症感染或者脓毒性休克,其中13例患者确诊为泌尿系感染(尿常规,白细胞>10/高倍镜视野),敏感性和特异性分别为81%(95%CI 0.67-0.92)和65%(95%CI 0.51-0.75);36例患者确诊为肺部感染,胸部X线检查诊断肺部感染的的敏感性和特异性分别为57%(95%CI 0.45-0.69)和92%(95%CI 0.82-0.93)。结论:对于脓毒血症或者脓毒性休克的患者,胸部X线检查敏感性较低,这可能与肺部X线检查干扰因素较多,并且肺部感染发生到出现影像学变化有一定的时间间隔;而尿液分析敏感性较高,但是也可能由于尿液中上皮细胞的存在而干扰诊断。     

常规腹部立位平片漏诊膈下游离气体原因分析及技术改进

目的：探讨常规腹部立位平片漏诊膈下游离气体的原因及技术改进。方法：15例疑有气腹但腹部立位平片阴性者加拍胸部正位片,观察有无膈下游离气体。结果：15例中12例胸片可显示膈下少量游离气体。结论：X线投照中心线位置不同会影响膈下游离气体的显示,胸片较腹部立位平片更容易显示少量气腹。     

Relationship between weight of rescuer and quality of chest compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Background

According to the guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the rotation time for chest compression should be about 2 min. The quality of chest compressions is related to the physical fitness of the rescuer, but this was not considered when determining rotation time. The present study aimed to clarify associations between body weight and the quality of chest compression and physical fatigue during CPR performed by 18 registered nurses (10 male and 8 female) assigned to light and heavy groups according to the average weight for each sex in Japan.

Methods

Five-minute chest compressions were then performed on a manikin that was placed on the floor. Measurement parameters were compression depth, heart rate, oxygen uptake, integrated electromyography signals, and rating of perceived exertion. Compression depth was evaluated according to the ratio (%) of adequate compressions (at least 5 cm deep).

Results

The ratio of adequate compressions decreased significantly over time in the light group. Values for heart rate, oxygen uptake, muscle activity defined as integrated electromyography signals, and rating of perceived exertion were significantly higher for the light group than for the heavy group.

Conclusion

Chest compression caused increased fatigue among the light group, which consequently resulted in a gradual fall in the quality of chest compression. These results suggested that individuals with a lower body weight should rotate at 1-min intervals to maintain high quality CPR and thus improve the survival rates and neurological outcomes of victims of cardiac arrest.     

Chest response assessment of post-mortem swine under blast loadings

To better protect soldiers from blast threat, that principally affect air-filled organs such a lung, it is necessary to develop an adapted injury criterion and, prior to this, to evaluate the response of a biological model against that threat. The objective of this study is to provide some robust data to quantify the chest response of post-mortem swine under blast loadings.7 post-mortem swine (54.5 ± 2.6 kg), placed side-on to the threat and against the ground, were exposed to 5 shock-waves of increasing intensities. Their thorax were instrumented with a piezo-resistive pressure sensor, an accelerometer directly exposed to the shock-wave and a target was mounted on the latter in order to track the chest wall displacement.For incident impulses ranging from 47 kPa ms ± 2% to 173 kPa ms ± 6%, the measured maximum of linear chest wall acceleration (Γmax) goes from 5800 m/s² ± 16% to 41,000 m/s² ± 8%, with a duration of 0.8 ms. Chest wall displacements ranging from 5 mm ± 20% to 20 mm ± 15%, with a duration of 9 ms, are reached. These reproducible data were used to find simple relations (linear, 2nd and 3rd order polynomials) between the kinematic parameters (plus the viscous criterion) and the incident and reflected impulses.Correlating the new reproducible data with the prediction from the Bowen curves showed a lung injury threshold in terms of Γmax similar to that of Cooper (10,000 m/s²). However, the limits defined for the viscous criterion in the automobile field and for non-lethal weapons seems not adapted for the blast threat.