Cytoprotection against ischemia-induced DNA cleavages and cell injuries in the rat liver by pro-vitamin C via hydrolytic conversion into ascorbate

To search a regimen for prevention of post-ischemic reperfusional (I/R) injuries, I/R in the liver was induced by 30-min clamping and subsequent unfastening of the portal vein of a rat, which underwent previous intravenous administration with ascorbic acid (Asc) of 1 mg/kg or the autooxidation-resistant pro-vitamin C, 2-O-alpha-D-glucosylated Asc (Asc2G) or 2-O-phosphorylated Asc (Asc2P) of 1 mg Asc equivalent/kg from the viewpoint of utilization of antioxidants that can promptly scavenge I/R-derived reactive oxygen species. The administration with Asc, Asc2P or Asc2G prevented some features of hepatic I/R injuries such as release of hepatic marker enzymes GOT and GPT into the blood vessel, cellular degenerative symptoms including vacuolation and cell fragmentation, and nuclear DNA strand cleavage as detected by TUNEL staining. The preventive effects on I/R injuries were in the order: Asc2G > Asc2P >> Asc. This order of preventive degrees of three anti-oxidants is partly attributable to proper efficiency of conversion to vitamin C and stability in blood stream; Asc2P was moderately converted to a free monoanion form of Asc in human serum, but, in rat serum, so efficiently converted to Asc as to undergo the resultant oxidative decomposition before reaching the liver, whereas Asc2G underwent scarce conversion to Asc in human serum but moderate conversion in rat serum, suggesting that Asc2P might be less cytoprotective against I/R injury than Asc2G in the rat liver in a way different from the human liver. In contrast Asc was so susceptible to autooxidation as to be rapidly decomposed in either rat or human serum. The concentrations of ascorbyl radicals (AscR) in serum were unchanged during I/R for sham-operated rats, but appreciably diminished time-dependently for I/R-operated rats as shown by ESR spectra. A marked increase in serum AscR occurred in rats receiving Asc, Asc2G or Asc2P, but it was time-dependently restored down to the pre-ischemic level of AscR in I/R-operated rats more rapidly than in sham-operated rats. Thus, hepatic I/R injuries were shown to be prevented more markedly by Asc2G or Asc2P than by Asc, which is attributable to efficiencies of both vitamin C conversion and subsequent AscR retention.     

耐多药肺结核患者的胸部CT征象分析及其治疗转归的影响因素探讨

摘要 目的：分析耐多药肺结核（MDR-PTB）患者的胸部计算机断层扫描（CT）征象,并探讨其治疗转归的影响因素。方法：选取2017年1月~2020年10月期间东莞市第六人民医院收治的MDR-PTB患者（n=138）作为观察组,另选取东莞市第六人民医院同期收治的非MDR-PTB患者110例作为对照组,对比两组的胸部CT征象。观察组患者接受标准化方案治疗,按照是否治疗成功将其分为成功组（n=78）和失败组（n=60）,根据病历资料获取患者的临床资料,采用单因素和多因素Logistic分析MDR-PTB患者治疗转归的影响因素。结果：病变分布范围中：观察组的2个肺叶及以下例数占比低于对照组,全部肺叶侵犯例数占比高于对照组（P<0.05）,两组3个肺叶例数占比组间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。病变形态中：两组的多发空洞、合并支扩、合并气胸、实变、多发播散结节、条索、合并毁损、胸膜增厚例数占比组间对比有统计学差异（P<0.05）。而两组胸腔积液、斑片例数占比组间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。单因素分析显示,MDR-PTB患者的治疗转归与存在药物不良反应、病变分布范围、既往使用二线抗结核药物史、治疗6个月后痰细菌学转阴、规律服药、初始痰涂片等级有关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,既往使用二线抗结核药物史、存在药物不良反应、初始痰涂片等级为++ ~++++是MDR-PTB患者治疗转归的危险因素,而规律服药、治疗6个月后痰细菌学转阴是其保护因素（P<0.05）。结论：MDR-PTB患者病变范围较广,肺叶受累数量多,且易出现肺实质损害。同时存在药物不良反应、规律服药、既往使用二线抗结核药物史、初始痰涂片等级、治疗6个月后痰细菌学转阴是MDR-PTB患者治疗转归的影响因素。     

中国学生体质发育的生长加速及与日本学生的比较

在 1 98 5年和 1 995年国家教委、国家体委、卫生部、国家民委、国家科委共同领导和组织的全国性的学生体质健康调查基础上 ,及本世纪 30年代起个别省城 (北京市、天津市、上海市、丹阳市 (县 )、南京市、辽宁省、黑龙江省及山东省 )学生的体质调查资料基础上 ,作者经数理统计 ,并就我国学生的体质发育状况和生长加速问题对汉族学生和少数民族学生分别加以分析讨论 ,从而了解了我国学生体质发育的现状 ;经与近邻的日本国的学生的体质发育和生长加速状况比较后也找到了差距。
我国学生的体质发育水平目前虽有些不足 ,但我国学生的体质发育指标的生长增长值比日本国学生在身高指标上 ,男学生大2.10cm,女学生大1.65cm;在体重指标上 ,男学生大2.22kg,女学生大1.54kg,身高和体重指标相对日本国而言都仍呈较大的增长趋势 ,存在发展潜力 ,我国学生的体质定将有提高的可能。但胸围指标与身高和体重指标相比 ,除城市男女学生增长值还较大外 ,乡村学生的增长值却为偏低 ,这将影响我国学生的身体素质 ,影响整体生长发育水平的提高。这些将为我国有关部门制定方针政策和实施措施提供可靠的科学依据。我国的经济正在迅速发展 ,对我国学生的营养已采取了积极的措施加以改善和提高 ,并加强了学生的体育锻炼,中小学学生的学业负担也正在减轻,因此,对我国学生体质发育的促进的效果是可能达到的。     

戴氏虫草菌丝体水提物对放射损伤小鼠体液免疫的作用

为了研究戴氏虫草菌丝体水提物对γ射线辐射损伤小鼠的脾细胞产生抗羊红细胞抗体、血清溶血素水平、淋巴细胞增殖等的影响,以＾６０Ｃｏ γ射线放射损伤小鼠为动物模型,采用脾细胞ＳＲＢＣ溶血反应（ＱＨＳ）比色法测定脾细胞产生抗羊红细胞抗体,溶血素测定（ＨＣ５０）比色法测定血清溶血素水平,ＭＴＴ比色法测定淋巴细胞增殖。结果表明在一定剂量条件下,戴氏虫草菌丝体水提物可以恢复γ射线辐射损伤小鼠脾细胞产生抗ＳＲＢＣ抗体的能力和血清溶血素的水平,同时也能够恢复脾Ｂ淋巴细胞的增殖能力和脾淋巴细胞数目。因此我们初步认为戴氏虫草菌丝体水提物对放射损伤小鼠体液免疫具有保护作用。     

Remediation of Contaminated Sediments: A Comparative Analysis of Risks to Residents vs. Remedial Workers

This study weighs the risks to workers of cleaning up a Superfund site against the risks to residents of not cleaning up that site. Risks are measured by the number of deaths and disabilities due to injuries and diseases. We posit a cleanup plan involving 31 occupations and 4,581 person-years of work. We posit 20 hypothetical sites and 99 specific sites with varying numbers of residents and levels of cancer death and cancer disability rates. Depending on the number of residents, and the rates, we find that the risks to workers frequently outweigh the risks to residents. We conclude that risks to workers should be accounted for in EPA judgments regarding whether and how a Superfund site should be cleaned up.     

Reliability of concentric and eccentric strength of hip abductor and adductor muscles in young soccer players

The concentric and eccentric strength profile and muscular balance of the hip joint are important parameters for success in soccer. This study evaluated the reliability for the assessment of hip abduction and adduction isokinetic strength over a range of angular velocities (30 and 90°/s) and types of muscular actions (concentric and eccentric) in young soccer players. The reliability for the assessment of reciprocal (conventional and functional) and bilateral torque ratios was also examined. Fifteen male soccer players (15±1 years) performed two sessions, separated by three days. The testing protocol consisted of five maximal concentric and eccentric hip abductions and adductions of both legs at angular velocities of 30°/s and 90°/s. The peak torque was evaluated in young soccer players using an isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex Norm), and the reciprocal strength ratios (conventional and functional) and bilateral ratios (non-preferred to preferred leg ratios) were calculated. The test-retest reliability for the assessment of peak torque (ICC = 0.71-0.92) and of reciprocal muscle group ratios (ICC = 0.44-0.87) was found to be moderate to high. Bilateral torque ratios exhibited low to moderate reliability (ICC = 0.11-0.64). In conclusion, isokinetic strength of hip abductor and adductor muscles and the conventional and functional strength ratios can be reliably assessed in young soccer players, especially at low angular velocities. The assessment, however, of bilateral strength ratios for hip abductor/adductor muscles should be interpreted with more caution.     

损伤控制外科在严重胸外伤为主的全身多发伤救治中的应用

目的:探讨损伤控制外科(DCS)在严重胸外伤为主的全身多发伤救治中应用的临床效果。方法:2010年1月至2012年6月收治的57例患者采用早期全面治疗(ETC组),2012年7月至2013年12月收治的57例患者采用DCS理论救治(DCS组)。比较两组相关生理指标恢复情况及并发症的发生情况。结果:与ETC组比较,DCS组乳酸清除时间、体温恢复时间、PT和APTT恢复时间、住院时间、ICU治疗时间明显缩短,出血量明显减少(P0.05);DCS组腹腔感染、ARDS、应激性溃疡的发生率及死亡率均较ETC组明显降低(P0.05)。结论:严重胸外伤为主的全身多发伤救治中应用DCS理论可明显改善患者生理指标恢复,减少并发症,提高救治成功率。     

On the Statistical Inference from Survival Experiments with Two Types of Failure

Formulated in terms of latent failure times a survival model with two dependent competing risks is considered. Using this model, it is possible to introduce the probabilistic characteristics of each type of failure contribution to the joint effect of two damaging agents. Confidence bounds for such characteristics are given.     

控制性液体复苏治疗严重多发伤的疗效及其对血清炎症因子水平的影响

目的:观察控制性液体复苏治疗严重多发伤的疗效及其对降钙素原(PCT)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白介素-6(IL-6)水平的影响。方法:选取2010年12月~2012年12月在我院就诊的多发伤患者64例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各32例,对照组予以快速液体复苏,观察组予以控制性液体复苏。观察和比较两组的复苏液体量、复苏1小时乳酸、复苏时间、确定手术时间、住院时间、治愈率和死亡率,以及入院时和治疗后患者的血清PCT、hs-CRP、IL-6和TNF-α水平。结果:治疗后,观察组的复苏液体量、复苏1h乳酸、复苏时间、确定手术时间、住院时间和死亡率较对照组明显降低或减少,而观察组的治愈率较对照组明显提高。两组治疗后血清PCT、hs-CRP、IL-6和TNF-α水平均较入院时明显降低(P0.01),且观察组以上指标的水平显著低于对照组(P0.01)。结论:控制性补液复苏对多发伤的疗效优于快速液体复苏,并可显著降低患者的血清PCT、hs-CRP、IL-6和TNF-α水平。