不同来源丹参药材酚酸类成分的分析研究

为比较不同来源的丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza)药材的酚酸类成分,采用化学指纹图谱和定量分析的方法,对不同来源丹参药材中的酚酸类成分进行了系统分析。结果表明:产地、采收期、病害、根色、根的粗细以及药材部位等因素尽管对丹参酚酸类成分绝对含量的影响比较大,但对各成分相对含量的影响较小;不同来源丹参药材酚酸类成分指纹图谱相似性较高;8月份采收的药材,丹酚酸B含量较高;病害能够显著降低丹酚酸B的积累;与白根和褐色根相比,砖红色根中的丹酚酸B含量较高;根越粗,丹酚酸B含量也越高。这为丹参药材的品质评价和资源利用提供了依据。     

薏苡糠壳的化学成分及其种子萌发活性研究

为了解薏苡(Coix lachryma-jobi)糠壳的化学成分,利用多种柱色谱技术对其乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯萃取部位进行分离,经波谱数据分析鉴定了15个化合物,分别为香豆酸(1)、香豆酸甲酯(2)、2-羟乙基-香豆酸酯(3)、咖啡酸甲酯(4)、阿魏酸甲酯(5)、(E)-3-(4-甲氧基苯基)丙烯酸(6)、2,3-二羟基-...     

Biological Treatment of a Pulp and Paper Industry Effluent by Pleurotus spp.

In this work, the ability of Pleurotus spp.:P. sajor-caju; P. platypus and P. citrinopileatus to treat pulp and paper mill effluent on a laboratory and pilot scale were studied. On the laboratory scale treatment, P. sajor-caju decolorized the effluent by 66.7% on day 6 of incubation. Inorganic chloride liberated by P. sajor-caju was 230.9% (814.0 mg/dl) and the COD was reduced by 61.3% (1302.0 mg/dl) on day 10 of treatment. In the pilot scale treatment maximum decolorization was obtained by P. sajor-caju (60.1%) on day 6 of the incubation. Inorganic chloride content was increased by 524.0 mg/dl (113.0%) and the COD was reduced by 1442.0 mg/dl (57.2%) by P. sajor-caju on day 7 of incubation. These results revealed that the treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent by P. sajor-caju proved as better candidate for the purpose than P. platypus and P. citrinopileatus.     

应用FTIR和NMR研究短梗霉多糖分子结构

短梗霉多糖是出芽短梗霉产生的一种胞外多糖,具有极好的成膜、成纤维、阻气、粘接、易加工、无毒性等特性,是微生物多糖中最令人瞩目的多糖之一．本研究应用ＦＴＩＲ和ＮＭＲ技术对由出芽短梗霉胞外产生的短梗霉多糖进行了分析．短梗霉多糖的红外光谱（４０００～４００ｃｍ－１）,具有明显的多糖特征吸收峰,证明多糖是由α－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖残基组成．应用先进的一维和二维核磁共振技术,在绝对温度３４３Ｋ下获得短梗霉多糖１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ谱和１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ谱,确证短梗霉多糖的结构单元是α－１,４麦芽三糖,归属了短梗霉多糖的１Ｈ和１３Ｃ的全部化学位移     

松嫩平原碱斑进展演替实验群落的比较分析

本文对松嫩平原碱化草地碱斑上建植的羊草（Ｌｅｙｍｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）群落、星星草（Ｐｕｃｃｉｎｅｌｉａｔｅｎｕｉ－ｆｌｏｒａ）＋羊草群落、星星草群落、野大麦（Ｈｏｒｄｅｕｍｂｒｅｖｉｓｕｂｕｌａｔｕｍ）群落、虎尾草（Ｃｈｌｏｒｉｓｖｉｒｇａｔａ）群落５个实验群落的土壤化学特性、种类组成、生产力,以及各种群的营养繁殖特征作了比较分析。结果表明,５个实验群落在０～３０ｃｍ的土壤均为ｐＨ值＞１０,仍处于碱土生境,各群落均随着土层深度的增加电导率呈递增趋势,有机质含量呈递减趋势。实验群落土壤电导率与ｐＨ值之间呈极显著的正相关,与土壤有机质之间呈极显著的负相关。经过５年种子的自然传播和营养繁殖,虎尾草在各群落中广泛生长,羊草已在星星草群落和野大麦群落中定居,星星草已侵入羊草群落中。群落总生物量以野大麦群落最高,羊草群落最低。各群落冬性芽和冬性蘖的数量远远多于现存种群数量。５个群落均将沿着进展演替方向继续发展。     

The ability of the amphipod Corophium volutator (Pallas) to follow chemical signals from con-specifics

The amphipod Corophium volutator (Pallas) is a tube-dwelling species that only occasionally leaves its burrow. Animals that do crawl on the sediment are mainly males, apparently in search of females. This study was designed to determine whether C. volutator males and females release chemical signals that attract con-specifics, and if so, whether these signals are gender specific. Laboratory experiments were conducted on the over-wintering generation during their reproductive season, using a Y-maze choice test apparatus. The results show that C. volutator females release chemical signals that attract males. In the field, the attractant may guide males in search of burrowed females. In addition, male odour tends to attract males, while females do not follow chemical signals from con-specifics. We thereby show on gender-specific chemical attraction of this species.     

Oligonucleotides and Derivatives as Gene-Specific Control Agents

Abstract

The current achievement of genome sequence projects of a dozen eukaryote organisms (including human genome) and the development of functional genomics are providing the basic knowledge required to utilize gene-specific reagents for both basic understanding of cell physiology and therapeutical development. The field of chemical genomics has the ambitious goal of designing molecules that could act selectively on every single gene or gene product in a cell and in vivo. The progress in oligonucleotide-based approaches will be the topic of this review, however, other nucleic acid- and SELEX-based approaches as well as high sequence-specific low molecular weight DNA-specific ligands will also be discussed.     

Chemical Route to the Capped RNAs

Eukaryotic and viral messenger RNAs contain a CAP structure that plays an important role in the initiation of translation and several other cellular processes that involve mRNAs. In this paper, we report a convenient chemical approach to the preparation of milligram quantities of short, capped RNA oligonucleotides, which overcomes some of the limitations of previous approaches. The method is based on the use of a reactive precursor, m⁷GppQ [P¹‐7‐methylguanosine‐5′‐O‐yl, P²‐O‐8‐(5‐chloroquinolyl) pyrophosphate]. The precursor reacts smoothly with 5′‐phosphorylated unprotected short RNA in the presence of CuCl₂ in organic media. The feasibility of this approach was demonstrated by the synthesis of the capped pentaribonucleotide m⁷GpppGpApCpU. The synthesized capped oligonucleotide was isolated and purified by reverse phase and ion exchange HPLC with a final yield of 37%. The structure of the m⁷GpppGpApCpU was confirmed by ³¹P NMR, mass‐spectrometry and enzymatic hydrolysis.     

New Developments in Chemical Engineering for the Production of Drug Substances

The pharmaceutical industry is moving towards a profitability gap between increasing costs and decreasing prices. Finally, management has understood that mergers and acquisitions, high throughput screening, and biotechnology alone will not save the companies' earnings. Therefore, classical approaches like the optimization of production technologies for drug substances, that might help to increase profitability, are receiving increasing attention. This paper shows how the combination of innovative components will guide the way to very efficient and cost‐effective production. The first component is the design and manufacturing of production facilities. The second component is a process streamlining of the production process. The key technologies discussed here are process control and miniplant technology. For these technologies a brief outlook on future trends is given.     

Post-translational Modifications near the Quinone Binding Site of Mammalian Complex I

Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) in mammalian mitochondria is an L-shaped assembly of 44 protein subunits with one arm buried in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion and the orthogonal arm protruding about 100 Å into the matrix. The protruding arm contains the binding sites for NADH, the primary acceptor of electrons flavin mononucleotide (FMN), and a chain of seven iron-sulfur clusters that carries the electrons one at a time from FMN to a coenzyme Q molecule bound in the vicinity of the junction between the two arms. In the structure of the closely related bacterial enzyme from Thermus thermophilus, the quinone is thought to bind in a tunnel that spans the interface between the two arms, with the quinone head group close to the terminal iron-sulfur cluster, N2. The tail of the bound quinone is thought to extend from the tunnel into the lipid bilayer. In the mammalian enzyme, it is likely that this tunnel involves three of the subunits of the complex, ND1, PSST, and the 49-kDa subunit. An arginine residue in the 49-kDa subunit is symmetrically dimethylated on the ω-N^G and ω-N^G′ nitrogen atoms of the guanidino group and is likely to be close to cluster N2 and to influence its properties. Another arginine residue in the PSST subunit is hydroxylated and probably lies near to the quinone. Both modifications are conserved in mammalian enzymes, and the former is additionally conserved in Pichia pastoris and Paracoccus denitrificans, suggesting that they are functionally significant.