替格瑞洛与氯吡格雷对急性心肌梗死患者介入治疗后的心功能和炎症反应的影响

目的:探讨替格瑞洛与氯吡格雷对急性心肌梗死患者介入治疗后的心功能和炎症反应的影响。方法:选取2015年1月-2018年1月期间我院收治的行介入治疗的急性心肌梗死患者300例为研究对象。根据随机数字表法将患者分为替格瑞洛组(n=150)和氯吡格雷组(n=150),其中替格瑞洛组给予阿司匹林、替格瑞洛治疗,氯吡格雷组给予阿司匹林、氯吡格雷治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后的左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)及白介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、可溶性CD40配体(s CD40L)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平,随访3个月,观察两组患者随访期间心血管不良事件的发生情况。结果:两组患者治疗后LVEF较治疗前升高,且替格瑞洛组高于氯吡格雷组,LVEDd较治疗前降低,且替格瑞洛组低于氯吡格雷组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后IL-6、CRP、s CD40L、TNF-α均较治疗前升高,但替格瑞洛组低于氯吡格雷组(P0.05)。替格瑞洛组随访期间心血管不良事件总发生率为10.00%(15/150),显著低于氯吡格雷组患者的31.33%(47/150),组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:相较于氯吡格雷而言,替格瑞洛治疗行介入治疗的急性心肌梗死患者效果满意,可显著改善心功能,降低炎症因子水平及心血管不良事件发生率。     

血清B型脑钠肽、糖类抗原125及甲状腺激素水平与慢性心力衰竭患者心功能的相关性研究

目的:探究慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血清B型脑钠肽(BNP)、糖类抗原125(CA125)和甲状腺激素(TH)水平与心功能的相关性。方法:选取2015年12月-2017年12月我院收治的120例CHF患者作为本次研究的对象,患者的心功能分级状况为纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)Ⅰ/Ⅱ级51例、NYHAⅢ级39例、NYHAⅣ级30例,另选取同期在我院接受体检的健康志愿者40例作为对照组。检测所有研究对象的血清BNP、CA125和TH水平,并分析其与患者左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末内径(LVEDD)间的关系。结果:不同心功能分级患者血清BNP、CA125水平均显著高于对照组,且BNP、CA125水平随NYHA分级升高而逐渐升高(P0.05)。NYHAⅢ级、NYHAⅣ级患者的血清T3水平显著低于对照组,且T3水平随NYHA分级升高而逐渐降低,各组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Pearson分析结果显示,CHF患者血清BNP、CA125水平与LVEF呈负相关(P0.05),而与LVEDD呈正相关(P0.05);血清T3水平与LVEF呈正相关(P0.05),与LVEDD呈负相关(P0.05)。结论:CHF患者血清BNP、CA125及T3水平均与心功能存在密切联系,三者联合检测对CHF的临床诊断与病情判断有重要价值。     

Effects of the cardiomyopathy-causing E244D mutation of troponin T on the structures of cardiac thin filaments studied by small-angle X-ray scattering

Small-angle X-ray scattering experiments were carried out to investigate the structural changes of cardiac thin filaments induced by the cardiomyopathy-causing E244D mutation in troponin T (TnT). We examined native thin filaments (NTF) from a bovine heart, reconstituted thin filaments containing human cardiac wild-type Tn (WTF), and filaments containing the E244D mutant of Tn (DTF), in the absence and presence of Ca²⁺. Analysis by model calculation showed that upon Ca²⁺-activation, tropomyosin (Tm) and Tn in the WTF and NTF moved together in a direction to expose myosin-binding sites on actin. On the other hand, Tm and Tn of the DTF moved in the opposite directions to each other upon Ca²⁺-activation. These movements caused Tm to expose more myosin-binding sites on actin than the WTF, suggesting that the affinity of myosin for actin is higher for the DTF. Thus, the mutation-induced structural changes in thin filaments would increase the number of myosin molecules bound to actin compared with the WTF, resulting in the force enhancement observed for the E244D mutation.     

Cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemakers versus defibrillators in older non-ischemic cardiomyopathy patients

Introduction

With the recent publication of the negative DANISH trial, the mortality benefit of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) has been put in question in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM). Because a majority of patients in DANISH receive cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices, we investigated in the present study the survival of recipients of CRT pacemakers (CRT-P) versus CRT ICDs (CRT-D) in a cohort of older (≥75 years) NICM patients at our institution.

'Working' cardiomyocytes exhibiting plateau action potentials from human placenta-derived extraembryonic mesodermal cells

The clinical application of cell transplantation for severe heart failure is a promising strategy to improve impaired cardiac function. Recently, an array of cell types, including bone marrow cells, endothelial progenitors, mesenchymal stem cells, resident cardiac stem cells, and embryonic stem cells, have become important candidates for cell sources for cardiac repair. In the present study, we focused on the placenta as a cell source. Cells from the chorionic plate in the fetal portion of the human placenta were obtained after delivery by the primary culture method, and the cells generated in this study had the Y sex chromosome, indicating that the cells were derived from the fetus. The cells potentially expressed 'working' cardiomyocyte-specific genes such as cardiac myosin heavy chain 7beta, atrial myosin light chain, cardiac alpha-actin by gene chip analysis, and Csx/Nkx2.5, GATA4 by RT-PCR, cardiac troponin-I and connexin 43 by immunohistochemistry. These cells were able to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. Cardiac troponin-I and connexin 43 displayed a discontinuous pattern of localization at intercellular contact sites after cardiomyogenic differentiation, suggesting that the chorionic mesoderm contained a large number of cells with cardiomyogenic potential. The cells began spontaneously beating 3 days after co-cultivation with murine fetal cardiomyocytes and the frequency of beating cells reached a maximum on day 10. The contraction of the cardiomyocytes was rhythmical and synchronous, suggesting the presence of electrical communication between the cells. Placenta-derived human fetal cells may be useful for patients who cannot supply bone marrow cells but want to receive stem cell-based cardiac therapy.     

Meltrin beta expressed in cardiac neural crest cells is required for ventricular septum formation of the heart

The heart is divided into four chambers by membranous septa and valves. Although evidence suggests that formation of the membranous septa requires migration of neural crest cells into the developing heart, the functional significance of these neural crest cells in the development of the endocardial cushion, an embryonic tissue that gives rise to the membranous appendages, is largely unknown. Mice defective in the protease region of Meltrin beta/ADAM19 show ventricular septal defects and defects in valve formation. In this study, by expressing Meltrin beta in either endothelial or neural crest cell lineages, we showed that Meltrin beta expressed in neural crest cells but not in endothelial cells was required for formation of the ventricular septum and valves. Although Meltrin beta-deficient neural crest cells migrated into the heart normally, they could not properly fuse the right and left ridges of the cushion tissues in the proximal outflow tract (OT), and this led to defects in the assembly of the OT and AV cushions forming the ventricular septum. These results genetically demonstrated a critical role of cardiac neural crest cells expressing Meltrin beta in triggering fusion of the proximal OT cushions and in formation of the ventricular septum.     

胺碘酮与普罗帕酮在快速性心律失常患者院前急救效果中的对比研究

摘要 目的：对比胺碘酮与普罗帕酮在快速性心律失常患者院前急救中的临床效果。方法：将石家庄市急救中心 2019年 4月~2021年 2月期间院前急救时现场治疗的快速性心律失常患者（n=108）按照随机数字表法分为对照组（n=54）和观察组（n=54）。对照组接受普罗帕酮治疗,观察组接受胺碘酮治疗,比较两组心功能、血压、心率（HR）、炎症因子指标、心肌损伤指标及不良反应发生率。结果：治疗结束后,观察组左心室射血分数（LVEF）、心输血量（CO）、二尖瓣舒张早期 /晚期峰值流速（E/A）均高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗结束后,观察组收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、HR均低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗结束后,观察组肿瘤坏死因子 -α（TNF-α）和白介素 -6（IL-6）水平均低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗结束后,观察组心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnI）、脑钠肽（BNP）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）水平均低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：在快速性心律失常患者院前急救中,相比于普罗帕酮,胺碘酮可有效改善患者心功能,减少心肌损伤,恢复血压并改善 HR,减轻炎症反应。     

葛兰心宁软胶囊联合替格瑞洛片对冠心病心绞痛患者心功能和血管内皮功能的影响

摘要 目的：观察葛兰心宁软胶囊联合替格瑞洛片治疗冠心病心绞痛的疗效及对心功能和血管内皮功能的影响。方法：选择我院心内科收治的150例冠心病心绞痛患者,按门诊号单双数分为对照组和研究组,各为75例。对照组给予替格瑞洛片治疗,研究组给予葛兰心宁软胶囊联合替格瑞洛片治疗,对比两组疗效、血管内皮功能、心功能、心绞痛发作次数和持续时间以及不良反应发生率。结果：治疗1个月后,研究组的临床总有效率85.33%（64/75）高于对照组的69.33%（52/75）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗1个月后,研究组左心室射血分数（LVEF）、心输出量（CO）、每搏输出量（SV）高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗1个月后,与对照组比较,研究组的心绞痛发作次数更少,持续时间更短（P<0.05）。治疗1个月后,研究组一氧化氮（NO）、血流介导的舒张功能（FMD）高于对照组,内皮素-1（ET-1）、胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）、血管紧张素Ⅱ（Ang Ⅱ）低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比无明显差异（P>0.05）。结论：冠心病心绞痛患者经葛兰心宁软胶囊联合替格瑞洛片治疗后,疗效明确,可缓解患者临床症状,促进心功能和血管内皮功能恢复。     

CK-MBmass, hs-cTnT及CK-MB与急性心肌梗死的相关性及其联合诊断价值

摘要 目的：研究肌酸激酶同工酶质量（CK-MBmass)、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）和高敏心肌肌钙蛋白T（hs-cTnT）在急性心肌梗死患者（AMI）血清中的含量,并探讨三者联合对AMIDE诊断价值。方法：选择2018年1月到2021年10月我院收治的AMI患者90例作为研究组,并选择同期在我院体检健康志愿者40例作为对照组,比较两组AMI患者血清CK-MBmass,hs-cTnT和CK-MB。根据Killp分级法将不同心力衰竭将AMI患者分为II、III和IV级,并根据心肌梗死范围将AMI患者分为轻度、中度和重度心肌梗死组。比较不同AMI患者血清CK-MBmass,hs-cTnT和CK-MB。通过受试者工作曲线计算血清CK-MBmass,hs-cTnT和CK-MB联合诊断AMI的阳性预测值、阴性预测值、敏感度和特异度。结果：（1）AMI患者血清CK-MBmass,hs-cTnT和CK-MB均显著高于健康志愿者（P<0.05）;（2）AMI患者血清CK-MBmass,hs-cTnT和CK-MB随Killp分级或心肌梗死范围升高而升高（P<0.05）;（3）AMI患者血清CK-MBmass,hs-cTnT,CK-MB与急性心肌梗死患者左室射血分数（LVEF）呈负相关（P<0.05）,与左室舒张末期容积（LVEDd）和梗死范围呈正相关（P<0.05）;（4）血清CK-MBmass,hs-cTnT和CK-MB联合检测急性心肌梗死的阳性预测值、阴性预测值、敏感度和特异度均高于单独诊断。结论：血清CK-MBmass,hs-cTnT和CK-MB在AMI患者含量升高,并且与患者心功能和心肌梗死范围有关,适用于AMI的联合诊断。     

心脏彩超检查联合血清BNP、ALB、CysC在慢性心力衰竭患者预后评估中的临床价值分析

摘要 目的：分析心脏彩超检查联合血清B型钠尿肽（BNP）、白蛋白（ALB）、胱抑素C（CysC）在慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者预后评估中的临床价值。方法：选取2017年6月-2018年5月我院收治的123例CHF患者,心脏彩超检查左心室射血分数（LVEF）、左心房内径（LAD）和左心室内径（LVD）,实验室检测血清BNP、ALB、CysC水平。按照3年随访后患者是否死亡分为死亡组35例和存活组88例,收集临床资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析CHF患者预后的影响因素。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析心脏彩超检查联合血清BNP、ALB、CysC对CHF患者预后的评估价值。结果：死亡组患者的LAD、LVD及血清BNP、CysC水平高于存活组患者,而LVEF及血清ALB水平低于存活组患者（P＜0.05）。心脏彩超指标LVEF、LAD、LVD及血清BNP、ALB、CysC是CHF患者预后的影响因素（P＜0.05）。心脏彩超指标LVEF、LAD、LVD联合血清BNP、ALB、CysC检测对CHF患者预后评估的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）（0.95CI）为0.857（0.771～0.938）,灵敏度及特异度分别为0.914（32/35）、0.795（70/88）,均明显高于上述各指标单独检测。结论：心脏彩超指标LVEF、LAD、LVD和血清BNP、ALB、CysC均为CHF患者预后的影响因素,且联合检测对患者预后的评估价值较高,具有一定的临床应用价值。