Comparación de los libros de historia de vida digitales y convencionales sobre el estado de ánimo,la comunicación,la cognición y la calidad de vida en personas con demencia en residencias: un estudio piloto

IntroductionPerson-centered care (PCC) includes life story, a form of reminiscence therapy that can be useful in the treatment of dementia. We compared the efficacy of using a digital or conventional life story book (LSB) on depressive symptoms, communication, cognition, and quality of life.Material and methodsThirty one persons with dementia living in 2 PCC nursing homes were randomly assigned to receive reminiscence therapy based on the Neural Actions digital LSB (n = 16) or a conventional LSB (n = 15). Both groups performed 2 weekly sessions of 45 min for 5 weeks. Depressive symptoms were evaluated with the Cornell scale (CSDD); communication with the Holden scale (HCS), cognition with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and quality of life with the quality of life scale for Alzheimer's (QoL-AD). The results were analyzed using ANOVA of repeated measures with the jamovi 2.3 program.ResultsBoth LSB improved communication skills (η² = 0.115; p < 0.001), with no differences between groups. No effects on quality of life, cognition, or mood were found.ConclusionsIn PCC centres digital or conventional LSB can be useful in the treatment of people with dementia by facilitating communication. Its role on quality of life, cognition or mood is uncertain.     

Long-term follow up of patients with common variable immunodeficiency treated with intravenous immunoglobulin: Reevaluation of intravenous immunoglobulin replacement therapy

Five patients with common variable immunodeficiency treated in our hospital between December 1979 and December 1990 were given six kinds of intravenous immunoglobulin preparations (pepsin treated, S-sulfonated, polyethylene glycol treated, pH4 treated, alkylated, and pH4.25 formulation preparation) for replacement therapy. Duration of the therapy ranged from 7.6 to 11 years. Incidences of fever and acute infections were variable among patients, but no significant differences were seen in the incidences among periods given each preparation. Three cases revealed abnormal pulmonary functions in tests. Adverse reactions were rarely seen in our study periods, and no severe reactions were observed. No significant differences were seen in incidences of adverse reactions. Postinfusion levels of serum complement slightly decreased from preinfusion levels. However, the decrease in complement was not related to any adverse reaction. No long-term complications such as transmission of hepatitis have been observed. Our data suggest that no obvious differences exist between the efficacy and safety of each IVIG preparation. Differences of efficacy of IVIG replacement therapy may be due to the variable pathophysiology of each patient.Abbreviations CVID common variable immunodeficiency - IVIG intravenous immunoglobulin     

水产动物副溶血弧菌病及其噬菌体防治研究进展

副溶血弧菌是水产动物弧菌病的重要病原微生物之一,又是食源性致病菌,摄入被其污染的水产品后可引发肠胃炎、败血症和坏死性筋膜炎等疾病,对水产养殖业及公共卫生安全均具有较大威胁。抗生素大量使用甚至滥用,不可避免地会带来水产品药物残留和细菌耐药等问题,开发安全有效的抗生素替代品迫在眉睫。作为细菌病毒,噬菌体具有宿主特异性强、易筛选、易保存、高效直接等优点,在水产养殖病害防控和食品安全领域受到广泛关注。本文概述了水产动物的副溶血弧菌病及该菌噬菌体防治的研究进展,为副溶血弧菌噬菌体及制剂应用于水产养殖病害生物防控提供参考。     

酶类药物现状、问题及展望

随着生物制药的迅速发展,许多酶类药物应运而生,在治疗代谢疾病、心血管疾病、癌症等诸多疾病上发挥着越来越重要的作用。但是酶类药物也存在一些不足,如潜在的免疫原性、较短的体内半衰期,以及较差的组织靶向性,影响了酶类药物的疗效和应用。为克服这些缺点,人们已开发出多种技术,如通过糖基化、聚乙二醇修饰等分子工程技术提升酶蛋白药效,另一方面酶基因疗法也已成功用于多种酶缺陷疾病的治疗。基于酶类药物的迅速发展和广泛的应用前景,本文对酶类药物的现状进行较详细的阐述,并对酶类药物的优势、所存在的问题及未来发展趋势进行分析和评述。     

Human pluripotent stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: From now to the future

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanometric particles that enclose cell-derived bioactive molecules in a lipid bilayer and serve as intercellular communication tools. Accordingly, in various biological contexts, EVs are reported to engage in immune modulation, senescence, and cell proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, EVs could be key elements for potential off-the-shelf cell-free therapy. Little has been studied regarding EVs derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-EVs), even though hPSCs offer good opportunities for induction of tissue regeneration and unlimited proliferative ability. In this review article, we provide an overview of studies using hPSC-EVs, focusing on identifying the conditions in which the cells are cultivated for the isolation of EVs, how they are characterized, and applications already demonstrated. The topics reported in this article highlight the incipient status of the studies in the field and the significance of hPSC-EVs’ prospective applications as PSC-derived cell-free therapy products.     

放散式体外冲击波穴位治疗联合中药熏洗治疗老年膝骨关节炎的疗效分析

摘要 目的：评价放散式体外冲击波（rESW）穴位治疗联合中药熏洗在老年膝骨关节炎（KOA）中的应用效果。方法：选入2021年2月~2022年8月我院收治的老年KOA患者76例,根据治疗方法不同分为对照组和观察组,各38例,两组均予以中药熏洗,观察组加用rESW穴位治疗。评价两组的治疗效果、膝关节功能、疼痛程度等指标,并进行统计比较。结果：与治疗前相比,两组治疗2周、治疗4周时的VAS评分明显下降（P＜0.05）,而观察组下降幅度更大,与对照组差异显著（P＜0.05）;两组治疗前Lysholm评分无明显差异（P＞0.05）,而观察组治疗2周、治疗4周时的Lysholm评分显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组治疗显效率和有效率均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组治疗2周、4周时的血清IL-1β、TNF-α和MMP-13水平较对照组低（P＜0.05）。结论：rESW穴位联合中药熏洗治疗老年KOA患者疗效显著,可缓解疼痛症状,改善膝关节功能,控制炎症反应,且操作简单,值得推荐。     

水罐疗法联合白头翁汤灌肠对溃疡性结肠炎患者Th1/Th2免疫平衡及肠黏膜屏障功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨水罐疗法联合白头翁汤灌肠对溃疡性结肠炎（UC）患者Th1/Th2免疫平衡及肠黏膜屏障功能的影响。方法：选取2020年2月~2022年5月期间湖南中医药大学第一附属医院收治的UC患者100例。根据随机数字表法分为对照组（n=50）和研究组（n=50）。对照组患者接受白头翁汤灌肠,研究组在此基础上接受水罐疗法。对比两组疗效、中医证候评分、Th1/Th2免疫平衡及肠黏膜屏障功能变化情况。结果：研究组的总有效率明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组里急后重、身热不扬、腹泻黏液脓血便、小便短赤、肛门灼热、腹痛、口干口苦等症状评分均降低,且研究组低于对照组同期（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组Th1/Th2相关指标白介素（IL）-2、γ-干扰素（IFN-γ）均降低,且研究组较对照组低;IL-4、IL-10均升高,且研究组较对照组高（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组肠黏膜屏障功能指标二胺氧化酶（DAO）、D-乳酸（D-LA）均降低,且研究组低于对照组同期（P<0.05）。结论：水罐疗法联合白头翁汤灌肠治疗UC患者,总有效率高,可缓解中医证候,疗效显著,对调节患者的Th1/Th2免疫平衡及肠黏膜屏障功能具有重要作用。     

Progress in melanoma treatment: Patient's perspectives

Upon the 20th Anniversary of the Society for Melanoma Research, we highlight the perspectives of patients aiming to help improve future experiences, outcomes, and their quality of life over the next 20 years. Five melanoma patients generously shared their inspiring and enlightening stories of diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. Many patients had excellent medical teams that synergistically worked together to provide an accurate diagnosis, effective treatment options, and supportive care. However, it is clear that health inequities persist in communities where people of color are predominant, affecting early detection, patient experience, and outcomes. These stories shed light on the unique challenges faced by patients and how the lack of melanoma awareness and adequate resources, especially in communities of color or low socioeconomic status, can contribute to disparate outcomes in melanoma care. We expect that these stories will raise awareness about the progress in melanoma treatment but also the existent disparities in melanoma diagnosis and treatment and the importance of early detection and prevention.     

针刺运动疗法联合早期康复训练对急性踝关节扭伤患者踝关节功能、血清炎症因子和致痛物质水平的影响

摘要 目的：观察针刺运动疗法联合早期康复训练对急性踝关节扭伤患者踝关节功能、血清炎症因子和致痛物质水平的影响。方法：选取湖南中医药大学第一附属医院2019年5月~2022年1月期间收治的116例急性踝关节扭伤患者。按照随机数字表法分为对照组（早期康复训练,n=58）和研究组（针刺运动疗法联合早期康复训练,n=58）。观察两组治疗前、治疗4周后的疗效、量表评分[视觉模拟评分（VAS）、美国足与踝关节协会（AOFAS）踝-后足功能评分]、踝关节功能、血清炎症因子[白细胞介素（IL）-1β、IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）]和致痛物质[神经肽（NPY）、P物质（SP）]水平。结果：研究组的临床总有效率为96.55%,高于对照组的77.59%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗4周后,研究组的AOFAS评分高于对照组（P<0.05）,VAS评分低于对照组（P<0.05）,血清IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β水平低于对照组（P<0.05）,踝关节背伸活动度、踝关节跖屈活动度大于对照组（P<0.05）,血清NPY、SP水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：急性踝关节扭伤患者经针刺运动疗法联合早期康复训练干预后,可有效降低其血清致痛物质和炎症因子水平,有利于疼痛症状的缓解及踝关节功能的恢复。