The brain as a source of relapsing Trypanosoma brucei infection in mice after chemotherapy.

During the aparasitaemic period following chemotherapy of all three strains of T. brucei infections in mice, successful transmission as shown by subsequent parasitaemia, was regularly achieved following the inoculation of homogenates of brain tissue into recipient mice. Transmission with blood obtained at the same time was consistently negative and in the case of T. brucei TREU 667, homogenates of other organs were non-infective. The implications of this central nervous system involvement are discussed with particular reference to its use as a model for relapsing infections after therapy in man.     

Cytotoxicity of glucose analogues in V79 multicell spheroids

Summary 2-Deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) and 5-thio-d-glucose (5TG) are glucose antimetabolites that are known to be selectively toxic to hypoxic cells grown as single cells or as monolayer cultures. These analogues were toxic to Chinese hamster V79 cells grown as multicell spheroids even under aerobic conditions. When spheroids, 500- to 600-μm diameter, were exposed to 7.5mm of these chemicals for 3 days, the number of clonogenic cells per spheroid dropped to 50% for 5-thio-d-glucose and 20% for 2-deoxy-d-glucose, relative to control values. Survivals were reduced to less than 1% when the experiment was repeated in glucose-free medium. Scanning electron photomicrographs of spheroids treated with 7.5mm of either analogue showed extensive damage to the outer cells. The cell killing observed was much more than could be predicted on the basis of the hypoxic fraction known to be present in these spheroids. The crowded tumor-like environment may make the cells vulnerable to the cytotoxic action of glucose analogues and other glycolytic inhibitors. Supported by the Ontario Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation, London Clinic.     

A stroma-related lncRNA panel for predicting recurrence and adjuvant chemotherapy benefit in patients with early-stage colon cancer

The heterogeneity in prognoses and chemotherapeutic responses of colon cancer patients with similar clinical features emphasized the necessity for new biomarkers that help to improve the survival prediction and tailor therapies more rationally and precisely. In the present study, we established a s troma-related l ncRNA s ignature (SLS) based on 52 lncRNAs to comprehensively predict clinical outcome. The SLS model could not only distinguish patients with different recurrence and mortality risks through univariate analysis, but also served as an independent factor for relapse-free and overall survival. Compared with the conventionally used TNM stage system, the SLS model clearly possessed higher predictive accuracy. Moreover, the SLS model also effectively screened chemotherapy-responsive patients, as only patients in the low-SLS group could benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. The following cell infiltration and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network functional analyses further confirmed the association between the SLS model and stromal activation-related biological processes. Additionally, this study also identified three phenotypically distinct colon cancer subtypes that varied in clinical outcome and chemotherapy benefits. In conclusion, our SLS model may be a significant determinant of survival and chemotherapeutic decision-making in colon cancer and may have a strong clinical transformation value.     

Methylation-mediated miR-214 regulates proliferation and drug sensitivity of renal cell carcinoma cells through targeting LIVIN

LIVIN, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), is reported playing important roles in the development and progression of multiple human cancers. However, its underlined mechanisms in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are still needed to be clarified. In the present study, we reported that inhibition of miR-214 promoted the expression of LIVIN, then facilitated RCC cells growth and reduced the sensitivity of RCC cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. In constant, overexpression of miR-214 had contradictory effects. Further investigation showed that miR-214 was down-regulated in RCC because of abnormal methylation. In addition, DNA methyltransferase DNMT1, miR-214 and LIVIN are directly correlated in RCC patients. In conclusion, these results suggest that abnormal miR-214 methylation negatively regulates LIVIN, which may promote RCC cells growth and reduced the sensitivity of RCC cells to chemotherapeutic drugs.     

消癌平注射液联合表柔比星新辅助化疗对三阴性乳腺癌患者免疫功能、生活质量及血清肿瘤标志物的影响

摘要 目的：探讨消癌平注射液联合表柔比星新辅助化疗对三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）患者免疫功能、生活质量及血清肿瘤标志物的影响。方法：选取TNBC患者89例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,对照组（n=44）患者给予表柔比星新辅助化疗治疗,研究组（n=45）患者给予消癌平注射液联合表柔比星新辅助化疗。对比两组疗效、免疫功能、生活质量、血清肿瘤标志物及不良反应。结果：研究组治疗12周后的临床总有效率为91.11%（41/45）,高于对照组的63.64%（28/44）（P<0.05）。两组治疗12周后健康调查简表（SF-36）量表各维度评分升高,且研究组较对照组高（P<0.05）。两组治疗12周后CD4+CD25+Treg、Th17/ Treg均降低,且研究组较对照组低（P<0.05）,Th17升高,且研究组较对照组高（P<0.05）。两组治疗12周后癌胚抗原（CEA）、糖类抗原199（CA199）、糖类抗原125（CA125）均降低,且研究组较对照组低（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率对比未见差异（P>0.05）。结论：消癌平注射液联合表柔比星新辅助化疗治疗TNBC,具有确切的治疗效果,可降低血清肿瘤标志物水平,改善患者免疫功能和生活质量。     

新辅助化疗后腋窝病理完全缓解乳腺癌的预后分析

摘要 目的：研究乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗（NAC）后达到腋窝淋巴结病理完全缓解（pathologic complete response of axillary,apCR）的远期生存以及影响远期生存的相关因素分析。方法：回顾性分析哈尔滨医科大学附属肿瘤医院乳腺外科624例乳腺癌患者的住院资料,采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析以及COX回归分析的统计学分析方法,分析乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗后腋窝状态与无病生存（DFS）和总生存（OS）的关系及影响apCR预后的因素。结果：apCR与非apCR患者比较DFS（P=0.013）和OS（P=0.037）差异具有统计学意义,apCR患者的预后与年龄、肿瘤大小、肿瘤受体状态、HER-2、ki67状态、分子分型等因素无相关性。结论：与非apCR患者相比,乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗后apCR患者预后更好,但apCR患者预后良好的因素仍需进一步临床试验分析。     

Progress of Gastric Cancer Surgery in the era of Precision Medicine

With the development of genomics, the update of modern imaging technology and the advent of artificial intelligence and big data, the surgical treatment of gastric cancer has gradually stepped into precision medicine. Precision surgery treatment of gastric cancer is based on accurate molecular typing and staging using modern molecular diagnostic technology and imaging, and the formulation of precise and individualized surgical treatment plans, with the concept of minimally invasive and accelerated rehabilitation surgery running through it. For intermediate-stage gastric cancer, we have adopted a comprehensive treatment approach including traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Utilize artificial intelligence and big data technology to improve the standardization and interconnectivity of specialty data and realize the transformation of evidence-based medicine. Promoting the standardization, standardization and individualization of gastric cancer surgical treatment, providing patients with precise diagnosis and treatment, and further improving patients'' prognosis are the opportunities and challenges in the development of gastric cancer surgery.