大陈岛海域浮游动物群落季节变化及其影响因素

为探究大陈岛海域浮游动物群落的季节变化,于2020年9月（夏季）、11月（秋季）和2021年1月（冬季）、4月（春季）分别对大陈岛海域的浮游动物及环境因子进行了4个航次的调查。结果共鉴定浮游动物90种,包括浮游幼体15类,其中夏季种类数最多（68种）,冬季最少（20种）,常见的优势种有：百陶箭虫（Sagitta bedoti）、微刺哲水蚤（Canthocalanus pauper）、中华哲水蚤（Calanus sinicus）等12种（Y>0.02）。浮游动物的年平均丰度和生物量分别为（153.40±214.73）个/m³、（411.93±561.76） mg/m³,二者存在明显的季节变化,平均丰度为春季（380.17±296.14）个/m³>夏季（135.30±112.59）个/m³>秋季（67.88±90.52）个/m³>冬季（25.30±19.11）个/m³;平均生物量为夏季（895.01±802.54） mg/m³>春季（623.39±358.73） mg/m³>秋季（91.08±82.36） mg/m³>冬季（45.96±84.95） mg/m³。多样性指数（H''）和均匀度指数（J''）的年平均值分别为1.71±0.96和0.53±0.20,均表现出夏秋季较高、冬春季较低的特征。聚类分析结果表明调查海域的浮游动物可划分为夏季类群、秋季类群、冬季类群和春季类群4组类群。Pearson相关性分析和冗余分析（RDA）结果表明,海水温度、盐度、叶绿素a浓度是影响大陈岛海域浮游动物群落特征的重要环境因素。此外,夏季大陈岛海域水母类浮游动物暴发的现象值得关注。研究结果将为大陈岛海域的生物多样性保护及渔业资源可持续开发利用提供可参考的数据资料。     

组织器官通讯对骨骼肌发育的作用及调控机制研究进展

骨骼肌是动物机体最重要的器官之一,研究骨骼肌发育调控机制对于肌肉相关疾病的诊断以及家畜肉质的改善都有着重要意义。骨骼肌发育调控是一个复杂的过程,受到大量肌肉分泌因子和信号通路的调节。此外,为了维持体内代谢稳态并最大限度地利用能量,机体协调多个组织器官形成了复杂而又精密的代谢调控网络,对于调控骨骼肌发育也发挥着重要的作用。随着组学技术的发展,人们对于组织器官通讯的潜在机制进行了深入研究。本文综述了脂肪组织、神经组织、肠道等组织器官通讯对于骨骼肌发育的影响,以期为靶向调控骨骼肌发育提供理论基础。     

Studies on Prolonged Storage of Beauveria bassiana Conidia: Effects of Temperature and Relative Humidity on Conidial Viability and Virulence against Chickpea Borer,Helicoverpa armigera

Unformulated conidia of Beauveria bassiana were stored at five different temperatures (0°, 10°, 20°, 30° and 40°C) at six different relative humidities (RH) (0, 33, 53, 75, 85 and 98%). Conidial viabilities and virulence against third instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera were determined over a 24‐month period. Conidia survived longest at lower temperatures (0–20°C) and lower RH levels (0–53% RH). At higher temperatures (30–40°C) conidia did not survive. When the temperature was decreased from 30°C to 0°C, at nearly all RH levels the longevity of conidia increased. Conidia remained virulent for third instar larvae of H. armigera under favourable storage conditions for 24 months.     

黄河流域生态安全屏障防风固沙时空变化及驱动因素

黄河流域是我国重要的生态屏障和经济区,防风固沙服务及其驱动机制的研究对于筑牢黄河流域生态安全屏障具有重要意义。基于修正土壤风蚀模型(RWEQ)定量评估黄河流域2000—2018年防风固沙服务时空变化,采用相关分析和地理加权回归模型(GWR)从社会、气候、土壤、植被、地形等角度探究各驱动因素对黄河流域防风固沙服务影响的空间异质性。结果表明：(1)2000—2018年黄河流域土壤风蚀模数与单位面积防风固沙量分别以0.04 t hm^-2 a^-1和0.14 t hm^-2 a^-1的速率下降,而防风固沙保有率和植被覆盖度则分别以0.05%·a^-1和0.26%·a^-1的速率上升。(2)黄河流域土壤风蚀以微度(<2 t hm^-2 a^-1)和轻度(2—25 t hm^-2 a^-1)为主,共占研究区面积的96.28%。土壤风蚀在空间分布呈现西北高东南低的特点,而防风固沙服务高值则主要分...     

黄土高原草地植物多样性与群落稳定性的关系及其驱动因素

植物多样性对维持生态功能的稳定发挥具有重要作用。以黄土高原不同植被带草地为研究对象,基于野外调查和实验分析,探究黄土高原不同植被带草地植物多样性与群落稳定性特征和二者之间的关系以及影响因素。结果表明：黄土高原草地群落结构特征(地上生物量、地下生物量)与植物多样性具有明显的纬度分布格局,草地植物多样性和生物量均表现出自东南向西北沿森林草原带—森林带—草原带—草原荒漠带逐渐递减趋势。森林草原带草地植物多样性和群落稳定性显著高于森林带、草原带和草原荒漠带;植物多样性与群落稳定性之间存在显著正相关关系,可以作为衡量群落稳定性的指标,其稳定性大小表现为森林草原带>森林带>草原带>草原荒漠带。降雨量是影响植物多样性和群落稳定性的主要因素,并通过改变土壤含水量影响群落稳定性。研究结果揭示了草地植物多样性与群落稳定性之间的关系及驱动机制,为维持黄土高原草地生态系统的群落稳定性提供了科学依据。     

Localisation of acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors during mouse palate development and their effects on mouse palate mesenchyme cells in vitro

Summary The distribution of acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors (aFGF, bFGF) was mapped during mouse embryonic palate development. Generally, they localised most intensely in the basement membrane and epithelia rather than the mesenchyme. Localisation was predominantly restricted to the palatal nasal, and medial edge epithelia. Staining was particularly intense in the medial edge epithelia at the time of mid-line epithelial seam formation. Intense staining persisted in the epithelia of the degenerating seam and later in the oral and nasal epithelial triangles. Mouse embryonic palate mesenchyme (MEPM) cells cultured in vitro on a variety of substrata (on plastic, on the surface of a collagen gel and within a collagen gel) responded to treatment with aFGF or bFGF. These responses were modulated by the culture substratum. The FGFs stimulated MEPM cell proliferation on plastic and on collagen, but inhibited cell growth in collagen. The FGFs had little effect on protein production when cells were cultured on plastic, but caused a large reduction in on-collagen and incollagen cultures. This reduction was greater in collagenous than non-collagenous proteins. Generally, treatment with FGFs stimulated the production of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), particularly hyaluronan (HA) and dermatan sulphate (DS). In addition, the size class of HA was shifted to a higher molecular weight form. These data indicate that aFGF and bFGF may play a role in modulating mesenchymal cell matrix biosynthesis, so facilitating palatal epithelial seam degeneration. Correspondence to: M.W.J. Ferguson     

中国旧石器原料开发策略的研究进展

石料开发与获取是石器生产操作链的重要环节,也是史前人地关系研究的重要内容,能够反映史前人类的资源开发策略、环境认知与适应能力、移动模式和交流贸易网络等。相比于旧大陆西侧,东亚地区的燧石和黑曜岩等优质石料产地相对稀缺,中国许多旧石器考古遗址的石器原料主要来自遗址周边质量欠佳的脉石英、石英岩和一般燧石等,而相关的旧石器时代石料开发策略系统研究也相对较少。本文对中国目前已开展的旧石器时代石料开发策略研究进行系统梳理分析和总结发现,从旧石器时代早期到晚期末段,中国境内史前人类的石料开发策略存在明显的时空变化,主要体现在石料类型组成、产地选取和开发方式三个方面,可能主要受到史前人类流动性变化、石器技术演变和环境变化等因素的共同影响。综合而言,开展旧石器时代遗址的石料开发策略研究,对于理解中国境内史前人类的行为模式和交流迁徙等有重要意义。     

植物生长发育和逆境响应中SR-like蛋白的研究进展

同一基因pre-mRNA经可变剪接(alternative splicing, AS)后能够产生不同的转录本,使得编码的蛋白在细胞中的定位、稳定性和翻译后修饰的功能发生改变,进而增强应答发育及环境胁迫的能力,富含丝氨酸-精氨酸蛋白(serine/arginine-rich proteins, SR proteins/SR)是决定可变剪接效率和准确性的一个重要剪接因子家族。该文在简要介绍SR蛋白概念、分类的基础上,首次系统综述了植物特有的SR蛋白亚家族SR-like(SR45/45a)结构特点、成员构成、亚细胞定位和转录调控功能,尤其是对于非生物胁迫应答过程中相关基因可变剪接的调控机制进行了阐述,并展望了未来植物SR-like可能的前景方向和研究内容。     

鸭蛋黄颜色的生态遗传分析

1 引言 蛋黄颜色作为衡量禽蛋质量的主要经济性状之一,愈来愈受到消费者的关注,家鸡中这种性状的遗传力很低。Farnsworth等(1955)发现其遗传力为0.15,Torges报道其仅为0.05,Vanchev等(1980)估测母系遗传力为0.18,父系为0.47。因此,决定蛋黄色度主要是饲料因素,饲料中的氧化类胡萝卜素(叶黄素和玉米黄质)为蛋黄提供色素来源,能大量提供有效类胡萝卜素的饲料有藻类、紫花苜蓿、黄(白)玉米、大豆等植物,甲壳类动物、微生物(醇母)及类胡萝卜素制剂Mackey分别用墨角藻(Fucus vesiculosus)、齿缘墨角藻     

Bayesian tests for random mating in polyploids

Hardy–Weinberg proportions (HWP) are often explored to evaluate the assumption of random mating. However, in autopolyploids, organisms with more than two sets of homologous chromosomes, HWP and random mating are different hypotheses that require different statistical testing approaches. Currently, the only available methods to test for random mating in autopolyploids (i) heavily rely on asymptotic approximations and (ii) assume genotypes are known, ignoring genotype uncertainty. Furthermore, these approaches are all frequentist, and so do not carry the benefits of Bayesian analysis, including ease of interpretability, incorporation of prior information, and consistency under the null. Here, we present Bayesian approaches to test for random mating, bringing the benefits of Bayesian analysis to this problem. Our Bayesian methods also (i) do not rely on asymptotic approximations, being appropriate for small sample sizes, and (ii) optionally account for genotype uncertainty via genotype likelihoods. We validate our methods in simulations and demonstrate on two real datasets how testing for random mating is more useful for detecting genotyping errors than testing for HWP (in a natural population) and testing for Mendelian segregation (in an experimental S1 population). Our methods are implemented in Version 2.0.2 of the hwep R package on the Comprehensive R Archive Network https://cran.r-project.org/package=hwep .