The lack of changes in nocturnal estuarine fish assemblages between new and full moon phases in Serpentine Creek,Queensland

Synopsis A series of 10 sites were sampled at new and full moon phases in a vertically homogenous estuary, Serpentine Creek, Queensland, Australia. Forty-five species (14,518 individuals) were caught and analysed using standardized Shannon & Gleason diversity indices, and total number of species and individuals. The coefficients of variation for these values were greater for times than for sites. There were no significant differences between 14 pairs of new and full moon phases for_t,_t,_t, and_t, or between mean number of individuals for the 16 most abundant species. If significant variations do exist within months, then experiments should be done between spring and neap tides as this study found no differences between the spring tides associated with new and full moon phases.     

黄河口及邻近海域氮、磷及环境质量评价

根据2008年和2009年5、8月4个航次黄河口及邻近海域监测数据,分析了该海域氮磷含量和分布,与历史数据进行比较,分析年际动态变化、营养类型,并进行有机污染和营养状态评价。结果表明:整个黄河口及邻近海域氮营养水平较高,大部分海域磷酸盐营养水平较低,营养类型为磷限制潜在性富营养;整个监测海域处于中～富营养状态,春季(5月)富营养水平稍重于秋季(8月),河口近岸海域和南部海域富营养水平较重;2008年5月和2009年8月监测海域有机污染评价为开始受污染,2008年8月和2009年5月水质较好。     

长江口不同区段围垦区土地利用/覆被变化的时空动态

基于1987、1995、2000和2006年长江口TM、ETM遥感影像,利用RS、GIS与数学统计方法,对长江口不同围垦区土地利用动态进行了分析.结果表明：研究期间,不同围垦区草地面积所占比例在空间上的差异达显著水平（P＜0.05）,大棚用地和水田面积所占比例在时间序列上的差异达显著水平(P＜0.05);去除围垦时间的因素,不同围垦区土地利用多样性指数的变化无显著性差异;土地利用年变化速率在空间上差异不显著,在时间上具有显著差异的土地类型为大棚用地和建筑用地;不同围垦区的土地利用程度具有一致性,土地利用转移方向的差异也不显著,转移强度相似.长江口不同围垦区的土地利用动态主要受围垦时间的影响.     

珠江口广州段浮游植物群落特征研究

2008～2010年对珠江口广州段浮游植物进行了12个航次现场调查,共鉴定出浮游植物185种。中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)和颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulate)及其最窄变种(Melosira granulate v.angustissima)为主要优势种,并有明显的季节演替现象。调查期间,珠江口广州段浮游植物细胞数的平均值为5.51×10⁵cells/L,且浮游植物细胞数量存在年间变化。通过比较各年的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度年均值,结果表明,2010年的生态环境较2008年和2009年好,浮游植物群落结构较稳定。经相关性分析,磷酸盐为调查河口区浮游植物生长繁殖主要影响因子。     

Estuarine and scalar patterns of invasion in the soft-bottom benthic communities of the San Francisco Estuary

The spatial patterns of nonindigenous species in seven subtidal soft-bottom communities in the San Francisco Estuary were quantified. Sixty nonindigenous species were found out of the 533 taxa enumerated (11%). Patterns of invasion across the communities were evaluated using a suite of invasion metrics based on the abundance or species richness of nonindigenous species. Patterns of invasion along the estuarine gradient varied with the invasion metric used, and the ecological interpretation of the metrics is discussed. Overall, the estuarine transition community located in the estuarine turbidity maximum zone (mean 5 practical salinity unit (psu)), main estuarine community (mean 16 psu), and marine muddy community (mean 28 psu) were more invaded than two fresh-brackish communities (mean < 1 psu) and a marine sandy community (mean 27 psu). Nonindigenous species were numerically dominant over much of the Estuary, making up more than 90% of the individuals in two communities. The percentage of the total species composed of nonindigenous species increased at smaller spatial scales: 11% at the estuary (gamma) scale, 21% at the community (alpha) scale, and 42% at the grab (point) scale. Wider spatial distributions of nonindigenous species and a relatively greater percentage of rare native species may have resulted in this pattern. Because of this scale dependency, comparisons among sites need to be made at the same spatial scale. Native species were positively correlated with nonindigenous species in several of the communities, presumably due to similar responses to small-scale differences in habitat quality. The rate of invasion into the soft-bottom communities of the San Francisco Estuary appears to have increased over the last one to two decades and many of the new introductions have become numerically dominant.     

Enhancing Causal Assessment of Estuarine Fishkills Using Graphical Models

It is not possible to determine the causal relationship between fishkills and the toxic dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida in the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, using observational data on these two variables alone. However, consideration of a third variable, indicating the presence of a broader class of more easily measured Pfiesteria-like organisms (PLOs), leads to causal model structures from which the nature of this relationship can be distinguished. We use reported field data to evaluate alternative models and find that the suggestion that toxic Pfiesteria cause fishkills is inconsistent with observation. The data are more indicative of a model in which PLOs (including potentially toxic Pfiesteria) are stimulated to become actively toxic by the presence of already dead or dying fish. Laboratory experiments performed to date do not provide evidence contradictory to this finding. However, neither can the existence of a common cause of both Pfiesteria toxicity and fishkills be ruled out. The differing implications for ecosystem management suggest that these causal associations should be further investigated through additional modeling and data collection efforts. Graphical methods of model construction and evaluation can assist in this process. Received 22 May 2002; accepted 3 October 2002.     

Maturation and fecundity of a stock-enhanced population of striped bass in the Savannah River Estuary, U.S.A

The striped bass Morone saxatilis population in the Savannah River (south-eastern U.S.A.) collapsed in the 1980s, and recent eorts to restore the population have resulted in increased catch-per-unit-eort (CPUE) of striped bass in the Savannah River Estuary (SRE). The abundance of eggs and larvae, however, remain well below historic levels. The primary cause of the population decline was remedied, and environmental conditions seem suitable for striped bass spawning. Regression analysis of data derived from ultrasonic imaging of 31 striped bass resulted in a statistical model that predicted ovary volume well (r²=0.95). The enumeration of oocytes from ovarian tissue samples and the prediction of ovary volume allowed fecundity to be estimated without sacrificing the fish. Oocyte maturation in Savannah River striped bass seemed to progress normally, with oocytes developing to final stages of maturity in larger fish (>750 mm L _T). Additionally, fecundity estimates were comparable to a neighbouring striped bass population. The environmental cues needed to trigger development and release of striped bass oocytes into the SRE appeared to be present. If most of the striped bass females in the SRE are still young (<7 years), the ability to produce large numbers of eggs will be limited. As these young fish mature, egg production probably will increase and the density of striped bass eggs eventually will approach historic levels, provided suitable habitat and water quality are maintained.     

2006年冬季长江口海域表层沉积物中甲藻孢囊的分类学研究

于2006年12月23日至2007年2月3日,采集长江口海域(121° ～127°E, 30°～32.5°N)19个站位0～10cm的底泥样品,根据孢囊的形态特征共鉴定出分属5大类的27种甲藻孢囊类型.其中自养型孢囊10种,异养型孢囊17种,9种为国内首次报道,它们是Scrippsiella sp.、Scrippsiella crystallina、Pentapharsodinium tyrrhenicum、Scrippsiella sp.1、Scrippsiella sp.2、Cochlodinium sp.cf.Geminatum、 P.sp.1、P.sp.2 和Gotoius abei,并发现了Alexandrium tamarense/A.catenella complex、 A.minutum/A.affine complex两种有毒种,Polykrikos kofoidii、Gonyaulax spinifera complex (Spiniferites mirabilis*)和Gonyaulax spinifera complex (Spiniferites cf.ramosus*)3种有害种.各站位孢囊物种数在1～15种之间,M4-13和N11-4最低,O7-6最高,且种类组成上基本以异养型甲藻孢囊为主.在长江口、苏北、杭州湾、舟山海域、外海海域分别鉴定出15、15、12、15、13种甲藻孢囊类型.对每种孢囊的分类学特征和分布情况进行了详细的描述,丰富了长江口海域甲藻孢囊种类记录,对研究该海区的甲藻群落结构及其目标赤潮生物的种群动力学具有重要意义.