血清GDF-15、hs-cTnT对冠状动脉旁路移植术后新发房颤及近期主要心血管事件的预测效能研究

摘要 目的：分析血清生长分化因子15（GDF-15）、高敏心肌肌钙蛋白T（hs-cTnT）对冠状动脉旁路移植术后新发心房颤动（房颤）及近期主要心血管事件的预测效能。方法：选择自2020年1月至2022年1月在我院行冠状动脉旁路移植术的140例冠心病患者作为研究对象,根据术后是否新发房颤,分为房颤组（46例）和非房颤组（94例）。检测两组术前血清GDF-15、hs-cTnT水平,使用多因素Logistic回归分析血清GDF-15、hs-cTnT与术后新发房颤的关系;随访6个月,观察主要心血管事件发生情况,通过受试者工作特征曲线下面积（AUC）评价血清GDF-15、hs-cTnT对术后新发房颤及近期主要心血管事件的预测效能。结果：两组患者年龄、性别、体重指数等一般资料比较无差异（P＞0.05）;房颤组SYNTAX积分高于非房颤组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);房颤组血清GDF-15、hs-cTnT水平均高于非房颤组（P＜0.05）;经多因素Logistic回归分析,SYNTAX积分、血清GDF-15、hs-cTnT均是冠状动脉旁路移植术后新发房颤的独立预测因素（P＜0.05）;经ROC曲线分析,血清GDF-15联合hs-cTnT预测冠状动脉旁路移植术后新发房颤的AUC为0.933,大于SYNTAX积分的0.790,预测近期主要心血管事件的AUC为0.925,大于SYNTAX积分的0.750（P＜0.05）。结论：血清GDF-15联合hs-cTnT对冠状动脉旁路移植术后新发房颤及近期主要心血管事件均具有良好的预测效能,值得临床予以重视。     

高血压前期患者颈动脉血管弹性超声参数与左室舒张功能的关系研究

摘要 目的：研究高血压前期患者颈动脉血管弹性超声参数与左室舒张功能的关系。方法：选取2019年12月-2020年12月因血压异常于河北北方学院附属第一医院接受诊断与治疗的161例患者,根据血压水平分为高血压前期组（82例）与高血压组（79例）;另选取同期于我院体检的80例健康志愿者作为对照组。收集三组临床资料,检测生化指标与血压;通过超声诊断仪中超声射频信号血管内中膜定量分析（QIMT）与动脉僵硬度定量分析（QAS）软件测量颈动脉血管弹性超声参数[颈动脉内中膜厚度（IMT）、顺应性系数（CC）、扩张性系数（DC）、血管弹性指数（α、β）、脉搏波传导速度（PWV）];超声心动图检查左室功能指标[左室射血分数（LVEF）、左室质量指数（LVMI）、舒张早期血流速度峰值（E）/舒张晚期血流速度峰值（A）、等容舒张时间（IVRT）、舒张期减速时间（DT）];采用Pearson相关性法分析颈动脉血管弹性超声参数与心室指标的相关性。结果：三组收缩压与舒张压水平存在统计学意义（P＜0.05）。高血压前期组与高血压组IMT、α、β、PWV高于对照组,DC、CC低于对照组（P＜0.05）,且高血压前期组IMT、α、β、PWV低于高血压组,DC、CC高于高血压组（P＜0.05）。高血压前期与高血压组E/A低于对照组,IVRT、DT高于对照组（P＜0.05）,且高血压前期组E/A高于高血压组,IVRT、DT低于高血压组（P＜0.05）。经Peason相关性分析显示,IMT、α、β、PWV与E/A呈负相关,与IVRT、DT呈正相关（P＜0.05）;DC、CC与E/A呈正相关,与IVRT、DT呈负相关（P＜0.05）。结论：高血压前期患者颈动脉血管弹性功能下降,且伴有左室舒张功能受损,颈动脉血管弹性超声参数与左室舒张功能密切相关。     

大鼠基底动脉和尾动脉平滑肌G蛋白的异质性

用离体血管收缩功能实验法分析了大鼠基底动脉（ＢＡ）和尾动脉（ＣＡ）平滑肌细胞Ｇ蛋白的异质性。结果显示,当ＢＡ和ＣＡ平滑肌被精氨酸血管加压素（ＡＶＰ）激动后,该两种血管对Ｇ蛋白非选择性激活剂ＧＴＰγＳ的收缩反应发生了相反的变化：ＢＡ对ＧＴＰγＳ的收缩增强,并且这种收缩增强不受百日咳毒素（ＰＴ,Ｇｉ和Ｇｏ抑制剂）的影响。而霍乱毒素（ＣＴ,Ｇｓ激活剂）则完全抑制这种收缩,呈单相反应。与ＢＡ相反,ＣＡ对ＧＴＰγＳ的收缩减弱,后者可被ＰＴ预温育反转为收缩增强,而且ＣＴ对这种收缩的抑制作用短暂,呈双相反应。结果提示,ＢＡ和ＣＡ平滑肌细胞介导激动剂收缩反应的Ｇ蚕白存在异质性。     

Human Microtubule-Associated Protein-2c Localizes to Dendrites and Axons in Fetal Spinal Motor Neurons

Abstract: Microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) functions to maintain neuronal morphology by promoting the assembly of microtubules. MAP-2c is an alternately spliced form of MAP-2, containing the first 151 amino acids of high-molecular-weight (HMW) MAP-2 joined to the last 321 amino acids, eliminating 1,352 amino acids specific to HMW MAP-2. A polyclonal antibody generated to the splice site of human MAP-2c was used to determine its cellular localization. The MAP-2c antiserum was depleted of any HMW MAP-2 reactivity by absorption with HMW MAP-2 fusion protein. Western blot analysis of human fetal spinal cord homogenates demonstrated that the antibody is specific for human MAP-2c. MAP-2c immunoreactivity was found in the perinuclear cytoplasm and processes of anterior motor neurons and large processes of the posterior column in sections from 22–24-week human fetal spinal cord. Double-label confocal microscopy was performed using the MAP-2c polyclonal antibody and either a HMW MAP-2 or a neurofilament protein (highly phosphorylated 160- and 200-kDa protein) monoclonal antibody to identify these processes as dendrites or axons, respectively. HMW MAP-2 and MAP-2c colocalized in cell bodies and dendrites of anterior motor neurons, demonstrating for the first time the presence of native MAP-2c within dendrites. In addition, immunoelectron microscopy showed MAP-2c associated with microtubules in dendrites of motor neurons. MAP-2c and the neurofilament proteins were found in axons of the dorsal and ventral roots. The presence of MAP-2c within axons and dendrites suggests that MAP-2c contributes to neuronal plasticity during human fetal development.     

Ultrastructural localization of nitric oxide synthase and endothelin in coronary and pulmonary arteries of newborn rats

This is the first report on the ultrastructural distribution of nitric oxide synthase and endothelin immunoreactivities in the coronary and pulmonary arteries of newborn Wistar rats. The distribution of nitric oxide synthase and endothelin was investigated using pre-embedding peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemistry. In both arteries examined, positive labelling for nitric oxide synthase was localized both in the endothelium and smooth muscle, whereas positive labelling for endothelin was localized in the endothelium exclusively. In the coronary artery, approximately 80% and 55% of the endothelial cells examined were positive for nitric oxide synthase and endothelin, respectively, whereas in the pulmonary artery, 77% and 60% of the endothelial cells were positive for nitric oxide synthase and endothelin, respectively. These findings indicate that nitric oxide synthase and endothelin are colocalized in some of the endothelial cells of the newborn rat. In the endothelium, nitric oxide synthase and endothelin immunoreactivities were distributed throughout the cell cytoplasm and in association with the membranes of intracellular organelles. In smooth muscle, a relationship of nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity to endoplasmic reticulum was observed in the pulmonary artery. In summary, in the newborn rat, endothelial cells of the coronary and pulmonary artery are rich in nitric oxide synthase (neuronal isoform) and endothelin, and it is suggested therefore that they may be substantially involved in vasomotor control of the cardiac and pulmonary circulation during early stages of postnatal development.     

缺氧促进热休克蛋白70在肺动脉平滑肌细胞中的表达

缺氧性肺动脉高压中肺动脉结构重组,中膜平滑肌细胞增殖并迁移,但机制不明。本研究观察缺氧对肺动脉平滑肌细胞（ＰＡＳＭＣ）细胞周期、ＤＮＡ合成及细胞增殖的影响,并通过观察缺氧对ＰＡＳＭＣ热休克蛋白７０（ＨＳＰ７０）表达的影响,初步探讨缺氧的作用是如何介导的。结果表明缺氧可直接或协同内皮质－１促进ＰＡＳＭＣ ＤＮＡ合成及细胞增殖,并可增加ＨＳＰ７０在ＰＡＳＭＣ中的表达。     

内皮素－1对缺氧肺动脉平滑肌细胞的增殖作用

内皮素（ＥＴ）是至今所发现的最强的内源性血管收缩肽,近年来发现ＥＴ－１能促进血管平滑肌细胞增殖。本研究表明ＥＴ－１对缺氧培养的肺动脉平滑肌细胞（ＰＡＳＭＣ）有剂量依赖的增殖作用,缺氧可促进ＰＡＳＭＣ的ＤＮＡ合成且增加ＥＴ－１的丝裂原作用。ＥＴ－１的丝裂原作用主要由其Ａ型受体（ＥＴＲ＿Ａ）所介导,ＥＴＲ＿Ａ的特异拮抗剂ＢＱ１２３可显著抑制缺氧以及缺氧与ＥＴ－１协同所产生的增殖作用,而且发现ＥＴＲ＿Ａ在缺氧培养的ＰＡＳＭＣ中的表达显著高于常氧对照组ＰＡＳＭＣ。本研究表明ＥＴ－１参与了缺氧性肺动脉结构重组,而缺氧可增强ＰＡＳＭＣ对ＥＴ－１的增殖反应性。     

An immunohistochemical study of epithelial cells in the posterior lobe and pars tuberalis of the human adult pituitary gland

Summary Pituitary glands were examined using reference staining (hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff and alcian blue) and the peroxidase-labeled antibody method, for 1) invading anterior cells in the posterior lobe, 2) intermediate colloid forming follicles, and 3) pars tuberalis cells.The results showed: 1) that the majority of cases possessed invading anterior cells of various amount. Most of these cells were positive for ACTH^1–18, ACTH^17–39 and -MSH. However, on a few occasions, scattered GH, PRL, FSH, FSH, LH and even TSH cells were also present. 2) Colloid forming follicular cells were mostly ACTH cells, but also contained occasional other hormone-secreting cells. Hormone negative cells were correlated with salivary type epithelium. Well established acinic type salivary glands and ciliated epithelium were negative for any hormones immunohistochemically. 3) Pars tuberalis cells were predominantly gonadotrophs but also included TSH and ACTH cells. Some cells appeared to contain both FSH and LH. When these cells underwent squamous metaplasia, they seemed to lose their hormone secreting activity.Part of this study was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Cancer Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan     

Ultrastructural localization of gonadotrophic hormones in the porcine pituitary using the immunoperoxidase technique

Summary Using specific antibodies against subunits of porcine LH and FSH, the pituitary cells which produce these two gonadotrophins were identified in the porcine pituitary at the ultrastructural level using the immunoperoxidase technique. It was clearly shown that most of the gonadotrophic cells are responsible for the production of both FSH and LH. However, some cells, only positive for FSH or LH, indicate that the concentrations of FSH and LH vary from cell to cell. At the ultrastructural level, the FSH/LH cells contain one class of secretory granules strongly positive for both FSH and LH as well as large negatively stained dense bodies. These findings indicate that the one cell-one hormone concept may not apply to gonadotrophic hormones; a FSH/LH cell cannot be distinguished from a LH or a FSH cell without immunocytochemical identification of its hormonal content.Abbreviations p-LH porcine luteinizing hormone - p-LH porcine LH subunit - p-LH porcine LH subunit - p-FSH porcine follicule stimulating hormone - p-FSH porcine FSH subunit - b-TSH bovine thyrotropic hormone     

Fine structural criteria for identifying rat corticotrophs

Summary The fine structural characteristics of normal rat corticotrophs stained with anti-porcine ACTH^1–39 serum were studied. At the ultrastructure level immunoreactive corticotrophs appear to comprise four distinct cell types: (1) large stellate cells (Siperstein cells) containing granules (170–250 nm in diameter) arranged in a peripheral row and usually embracing an acidophil; (2) elongate spindle-shaped cells (Moriarty cells) in which the secretory granules (170–250 nm in diameter) are distributed in a row or in small clusters in the peripheral cytoplasm; (3) oval or polygonal cells filled only with small secretory granules (130–170 nm in diameter), resembling the acidophil of small granules type (Yoshimura et al. 1974); and (4) polygonal or stellate cells filled with secretory granules of varying diameters (180–300 nm in diameter) and occasionally embracing an acidophil. The first type is the most common, but the others are infrequent. It is concluded that the criteria of Siperstein and Miller (1970) do not necessarily include all categories of rat corticotrophs.