微创经皮钢板联合锁定加压钢板固定术治疗胫骨干骺端骨折的临床疗效

目的:探讨微创经皮钢板固定技术(MIPPO)与锁定加压钢板(LCP)治疗胫骨干骺端骨折的临床疗效。方法:选择2013年6月-2015年6月在我院接受手术治疗的胫骨干骺端骨折患者103例作为研究对象,根据手术方法不同将所选患者分为三组。其中,联合手术组(35例)患者采用MIPPO联合LCP内固定术治疗,外固定组(33例)患者采用超关节外固定支架术治疗,内固定术组(35例)患者采用切开复位钢板内固定术治疗。观察并比较三种手术方法的临床效果及对患者骨关节功能的影响。结果:与外固定术组及内固定术组比较,联合手术组患者的手术时间短,术中出血量少,骨折愈合时间早,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);联合手术组患者的手术优良率高于外固定组和内固定组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);内固定组手术优良率高于外固定组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);联合手术组患者术后并发症的发生率低于外固定组及内固定组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);外固定组与内固定组术后并发症的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:MIPPO联合LCP内固定治疗胫骨干骺端骨折具有手术切口小、术中出血量少、术后并发症发生率低、骨折愈合快、关节功能恢复较好等优点,是治疗胫骨干骺端骨折的理想方法,值得临床推广应用。     

肝外胆管解剖变异和先天发育异常MRCP研究

目的:归纳肝外胆管解剖变异和先天发育异常的MRCP(magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography,MRCP)表现。方法:回顾分析2010年1月到2015年6月间PACS存储的6817例图像资料,首先判定图像质量,然后记录肝门区胆管分支汇入方式、胆囊管插入位置、胆管先天发育异常及其表现。结果:1590例存在肝外胆管解剖变异和先天发育异常。其中胆囊管汇入位置异常发生率14.72%(787/5347),肝门区胆管分支汇入状态异常发生率17.97%(961/5347)。包括肝门区胆管分支汇入状态正常,胆囊管汇入位置异常575例,发生率10.75%(575/5347)。胆囊管汇入位置正常,肝门区胆管分支汇入状态异常749例,发生率14.01%(749/5347)。胆囊管汇入位置和肝门区胆管分支汇入状态异常并存212例,发生率3.96%(212/5347)。先天性发育异常即先天胆管扩张症54例,发生率1.01%(54/5347)。结论:肝外胆管解剖变异和先天发育异常复杂多样,MRCP能够准确显示大部分解剖变异种类及其毗邻关系,但是受图像质量及所罹患病种制约。     

Zoogeography of the San Andreas Fault system: Great Pacific Fracture Zones correspond with spatially concordant phylogeographic boundaries in western North America

The purpose of this article is to provide an ultimate tectonic explanation for several well‐studied zoogeographic boundaries along the west coast of North America, specifically, along the boundary of the North American and Pacific plates (the San Andreas Fault system). By reviewing 177 references from the plate tectonics and zoogeography literature, I demonstrate that four Great Pacific Fracture Zones (GPFZs) in the Pacific plate correspond with distributional limits and spatially concordant phylogeographic breaks for a wide variety of marine and terrestrial animals, including invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. These boundaries are: (1) Cape Mendocino and the North Coast Divide, (2) Point Conception and the Transverse Ranges, (3) Punta Eugenia and the Vizcaíno Desert, and (4) Cabo Corrientes and the Sierra Transvolcanica. However, discussion of the GPFZs is mostly absent from the zoogeography and phylogeography literature likely due to a disconnect between biologists and geologists. I argue that the four zoogeographic boundaries reviewed here ultimately originated via the same geological process (triple junction evolution). Finally, I suggest how a comparative phylogeographic approach can be used to test the hypothesis presented here.     

A Fast and Economical Sample Preparation Protocol for Interaction Proteomics Analysis

A simple and fast immunoprecipitation (IP) protocol is designed with the sample preparation incorporated, applicable to both low and high throughput. This new protocol combines two procedures based on magnetic beads in 96‐well plate format. Protein complexes are captured by antibodies and magnetic beads conjugated with protein A. Proteins are washed and on‐bead digested by using Single‐Pot solid‐phase sample preparation (SP3). The whole IP‐SP3 approach can be completed in one day, which is considerably faster compared to the classical approach. No major quantitative differences are found between SP3 and FASP (filter‐aided sample preparation) or a longer incubation protocol. Taken together, the IP‐SP3 protocol is a fast and economical approach easily applicable for large‐scale protein interactome analysis.     

cis‐Regulatory analysis for later phase of anterior neuroectoderm‐specific foxQ2 expression in sea urchin embryos

The specification of anterior neuroectoderm is controlled by a highly conserved molecular mechanism in bilaterians. A forkhead family gene, foxQ2, is known to be one of the pivotal regulators, which is zygotically expressed in this region during embryogenesis of a broad range of bilaterians. However, what controls the expression of this essential factor has remained unclear to date. To reveal the regulatory mechanism of foxQ2, we performed cis‐regulatory analysis of two foxQ2 genes, foxQ2a and foxQ2b, in a sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. In sea urchin embryos, foxQ2 is initially expressed in the entire animal hemisphere and subsequently shows narrower expression restricted to the anterior pole region. In this study, as a first step to understand the foxQ2 regulation, we focused on the later restricted expression and analyzed the upstream cis‐regulatory sequences of foxQ2a and foxQ2b by using the constructs fused to short half‐life green fluorescent protein. Based on deletion and mutation analyses of both foxQ2, we identified each of the five regulatory sequences, which were 4–9 bp long. Neither of the regulatory sequences contains any motifs for ectopic activation or spatial repression, suggesting that later mRNA localization is regulated in situ. We also suggest that the three amino acid loop extension‐class homeobox gene Meis is involved in the maintenance of foxQ2b, the expression of which is dominant during embryogenesis.     

FGF9 regulates early hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation and skeletal vascularization in the developing stylopod

Gain-of-function mutations in fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors result in chondrodysplasia and craniosynostosis syndromes, highlighting the critical role for FGF signaling in skeletal development. Although the FGFRs involved in skeletal development have been well characterized, only a single FGF ligand, FGF18, has been identified that regulates skeletal development during embryogenesis. Here we identify Fgf9 as a second FGF ligand that is critical for skeletal development. We show that Fgf9 is expressed in the proximity of developing skeletal elements and that Fgf9-deficient mice exhibit rhizomelia (a disproportionate shortening of proximal skeletal elements), which is a prominent feature of patients with FGFR3-induced chondrodysplasia syndromes. Although Fgf9 is expressed in the apical ectodermal ridge in the limb bud, we demonstrate that the Fgf9-/- limb phenotype results from loss of FGF9 functions after formation of the mesenchymal condensation. In developing stylopod elements, FGF9 promotes chondrocyte hypertrophy at early stages and regulates vascularization of the growth plate and osteogenesis at later stages of skeletal development.     

指掌骨骨折合并软组织损伤的微型锁定钢板皮外固定应用效果及对关节活动度的影响

摘要 目的：探讨指掌骨骨折合并软组织损伤的微型锁定钢板皮外固定的应用效果及对关节活动度的影响。方法：选取我院2015年7月到2020年7月共收治的80例指掌骨骨折合并软组织损伤的患者作为研究对象,将其随机分为观察组与对照组,各40例。对照组应用克氏针、微型螺钉、肌腱缝线或拉力螺钉进行内固定,观察组在对照组基础上联合应用微型锁定钢板皮外固定,并针对患者合并软组织损伤情况应用石膏外固定。对比两组患者的骨折愈合时间、围术期指标、Jamar握力、TAM、DASH评分、术后不良反应情况以及生活质量。结果：观察组手术时间高于对照组,骨折愈合时间和住院时间较对照组低（P＜0.05）;观察组患者的DASH评分明显低于对照组,TAM与Jamar握力明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组术后并发症发生率较对照组低（P＜0.05）;术后1个月两组患者生活质量评分均升高,高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：对指掌骨骨折合并软组织损伤的患者在常规克氏针内固定的基础上,应用微型锁定钢板皮外固定,再进行石膏固定,手术步骤、手术时间虽增加,但更有利于患者术后骨折愈合,减少术后并发症的发生,减少住院时间,促进患者出院后关节功能恢复,提高生活质量,值得临床应用推广。     

两种内固定方法治疗老年骨盆后环骨折的疗效对比及对血清应激因子和疼痛相关生化指标的影响

摘要 目的：对比3D导航下经皮骶髂关节螺钉内固定、后路微创重建钢板内固定两种内固定方法治疗老年骨盆后环骨折的疗效及对血清应激因子和疼痛相关生化指标的影响。方法：回顾性分析2016年7月~2020年9月期间我院收治的100例老年骨盆后环骨折患者的临床资料。根据手术方式的不同将患者分为A组（n=50,后路微创重建钢板内固定）和B组（n=50,3D导航下经皮骶髂关节螺钉内固定）。对比两组手术相关指标、疼痛情况、Majeed功能评分、血清应激因子和疼痛相关生化指标变化情况。结果：B组术后3 d、术后1个月、术后3个月、术后1年视觉疼痛模拟评分（VAS）评分低于A组（P<0.05）。B组术中出血量少于A组,住院时间、手术时间、手术切口长度短于A组,但X线暴露时间长于A组（P<0.05）。B组术后1年Majeed功能评分高于A组（P<0.05）。B组术后7 d促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平高于A组,皮质醇（Cor） 、肾上腺素（E）水平低于A组（P<0.05）。B组术后7 d 5-羟色胺（5-HT）、P物质（SP）、前列腺素E2（PGE2）水平低于A组（P<0.05）。A组、B组的并发症发生率组间对比无显著性差异（P>0.05）。结论：与后路微创重建钢板内固定治疗老年骨盆后环骨折患者相比,3D导航下经皮骶髂关节螺钉内固定具有创伤小、手术时间短、术中出血量少、疼痛减轻、应激反应轻等诸多优势,可促进患者术后恢复。     

酶标仪分光光度法在微生物耐性研究上的应用

微生物在环境中的耐性是该微生物在相应环境发挥作用的重要基础。为了获得一种用于微生物耐性分析的快速简便方法,传统平板分离法和酶标仪分光光度法被用于评估其在细菌和链霉菌紫外耐受水平检测中的差异,并分析了酶标仪分光光度法在微生物其他耐性水平检测中的适用性。结果显示,两种检测方法均能体现细菌和链霉菌对紫外线的耐受水平,前者经过稀释、涂布、培养、菌落计数,获得的是菌株在紫外线照射后的存活浓度,而后者经过接种96孔培养板、培养、吸光度检测,获得的是菌株经紫外线照射后的生长曲线,并从生长曲线获知菌株的生长速率、增殖能力等信息。此外,酶标仪分光光度法同样适用于细菌对pH和盐的耐受水平分析,对于链霉菌耐受性分析有一定的适用性。酶标仪法除了能获得与平板分离法相似的耐性水平检测外,还能获得菌株在不同耐性水平上的增殖潜力,且在操作上比平板分离法省时、省力,可用于微生物耐性分析、高通量筛选等研究工作。     

犬齿窝与人类中面部骨骼的演化

犬齿窝是包括现代人类在内的许多人族成员面部骨骼的重要性状,但在分类学上的意义仍存在争议。有学者认为该性状是一个发生于基础面形的近祖性状,除了一些例外,在灭绝和现生的大猿及人属中都存在。另有学者认为,犬齿窝是仅存在于智人及其直系祖先的衍生性状,在发育上与颧齿槽突嵴有关。这种关系并非总是成立,在智人中存在着明显的差异：弧型颧齿槽突嵴和直斜型颧齿槽突嵴与犬齿窝有时共存,有时不共存。我们由此推测,犬齿窝的发生和形态与上颌窦的前部发育有关,颧齿槽突嵴的形态与鼻窦的侧面发育有关。在人类演化的过程中,犬齿窝经历了不同的变形,比如上颌沟(如南方古猿非洲种、傍人粗壮种)、上颌小窝(如傍人粗壮种)、上颌沟(如匠人)或犬齿窝缺如(如傍人埃塞俄比亚种、傍人鲍氏种、肯尼亚扁脸人、人属鲁道夫种)。犬齿窝消失的原因各类群并不相同,如中新世和早更新世人属以及中更新世人属(如人属海德堡种/人属罗得西亚种、人属尼安德特种)。人属罗得西亚种具有弱化的犬齿窝,不具备演化为智人的可能,因此被排除在智人的演化支之外。