Successful ablation of a left-sided accessory pathway in a patient with coronary sinus atresia and arteriovenous fistula: clinical and developmental insights

Background and objectives

While radiofrequency ablation catheter ablation of accessory pathways is generally safe and effective, anatomic variants can cause considerable challenges in effecting cure. Our objective was to use an unusual case where coronary sinus was absent and arterial venous fistula was present and a left-sided pathway required mapping and ablation to develop a framework to approach difficult cases.

Method

A detailed literature search and review of contemporary cardiac embryology was undertaken to attempt and to explain a common developmental anomaly. Adjunctive approaches during the ablation procedure, including intracardiac ultrasound, were used to guide mapping and ablation despite the lack of coronary sinus access.

Results

The accessory pathway was successfully ablated using a transseptal approach and intracardiac ultrasound guided mapping of the mitral annulus. A potential common mechanism to explain the apparently disparate anatomic variants in this patient was formulated.

Conclusions

Cardiac conduction development is complex and accessory pathway conduction may occur in the setting of arteriovenous anomalies thus providing insights as to the cause of WPW syndrome. Successful mapping and targeted ablation of left-sided pathways may be accomplished even when coronary sinus access is not possible.     

重症急性胰腺炎上腹联合侧腹壁切口术后的综合护理探讨

目的：观察上腹联合侧腹壁切口治疗重症急性胰腺炎（severe acute pancreatitis,SAP）术后综合护理的疗效。方法：对我院2006年1月至2010年6月在我科接受上腹和侧腹联合切口手术的46例SAP患者进行回顾性分析。其中26例患者接受综合护理,包括采用造瘘袋辅助护理、使用可调节式伤口保护罩、早期持续冲洗及负压吸引等;20例患者接受常规护理。比较两种护理策略对SAP开放性伤口的预后影响。结果：接受综合护理的患者再次手术率（5/26 vs 10/20,P=0.027）,住院周期（26.08±8.48 vs.31.95±8.82,P=0.03）及护士工作满意度（93.15±4.05 vs.87.45±5.90,P〈0.01）等方面均优于接受常规护理的患者。综合护理组患者住院期间死亡率（0/26 vs 3/20,P=0.075）及术后肠瘘发生率（1/26 vs 4/20,P=0.08）有降低的趋势。结论：采用综合护理可降低再次手术率,促进伤口愈合,缩短住院周期,可能降低肠瘘发生率及死亡率,提高护理疗效。     

Evolution of covered stents in the contemporary era: clinical application,materials and manufacturing strategies using nanotechnology

Endovascular stents have revolutionised the field of interventional cardiology. Despite their excellent clinical outcome complications associated with percutaneous stent implantation following the procedure have remained a major drawback in their widespread use. To overcome such limitations, a number of novel endovascular stents have emerged including a covered stent wrapped in a thin membrane sleeve. As well as prevention of complications associated with stenting, covered stents owing to their physical barrier are used as the treatment option of choice for trauma devices during emergency situations and to treat a number of pathological disease states. The aim of this review is to provide the reader with an overall objective outlook in the use of covered stents as a treatment option in a number of vascular complications and addresses their design and materials used in the manufacturing process. In addition, new strategies are highlighted and future prospects with the emergence of novel smart alloys for 3D scaffolds and the use of nanotechnology in the development of nanocomposite materials.     

Computational Study of Anastomosis Angle of Arteriovenous Fistula for Hemodialysis

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the endorsed method of vascular access for hemodialysis in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, more than 60% of AVF fail to mature for hemodialysis. Intimal hyperplasia leads to stenosis is the primary cause of fistula failure. Wall shear stress (WSS) is one of the important parameters that enact a crucial role in building of intimal hyperplasia. The prime purpose of this research work is to investigate the effect of anastomosis angle on WSS, pressure drop, venous outflow rate and identify the optimal angle of anastomosis of AVF, so that it helps to standardize the surgical technique. In this research work, three-dimensional idealized geometries of end-to-side type AVF for the four different angles of anastomosis are created. Numerical simulation performed using incompressible, Newtonian blood to calculate the WSS, blood flow rate at the distal end of the vein and pressure drop across the anastomosis for the three arterial inflow 350, 500 and 900 ml/min. For all three arterial inflow, the WSS is high at 75° compared to other angles and it is less at 60°. The WSS at 45° and 90° are moderate. The venous outflow is increasing with the increase in arterial inflow condition for all anastomosis angles except for 45°. The outflow rate at distal venous end is highest, 344.85 ml/min at 45° for 500 ml/min arterial inflow. Pressure drop high at 45° and lowest at 90°. The intensity of disturbed flow and recirculation zone was observed at the area of anastomosis and it is high at 75°. From the results and observations, it can be concluded that 45° angle is the best choice for the anastomosis of AVF. This finding will standardize the surgical technique and subsequently, it will help to mature the AVF early and for a long time.     

吲哚菁绿荧光显像技术在腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术中的临床应用价值分析

摘要 目的：探讨吲哚菁绿荧光显像技术在腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术中的临床应用价值。方法：选取2020 年6月到2021年6月于我院行腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的患者112例,按照随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组各56例。两组均采用腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗,研究组术中应用吲哚菁绿荧光显像技术观察吻合口肠段血运情况。比较两组患者手术相关指标、术后并发症发生率、吻合口漏、吻合口出血发生率及围手术期死亡率。结果：两组患者术中均无死亡,两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、首次肛门排气时间、下床活动时间及术中死亡率比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）。研究组腹腔出血、腹腔感染、吻合口漏、吻合口出血发生率显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,两组肠梗阻、切口感染、围手术期死亡率比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：应用吲哚菁绿荧光显像技术可以显著降低腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术患者腹腔出血、腹腔感染、吻合口漏、吻合口出血发生率,在腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术中具有较好的应用价值。     

AVF与TCC血管通路在慢性肾衰竭患者中的血液透析效果比较及对炎性因子、营养水平和肾功能的影响

摘要 目的：探析自体动静脉内瘘（AVF）、带隧道带涤纶套透析导管（TCC）在慢性肾衰竭（CRF）患者中的血液透析效果比较及对炎性因子、营养水平和肾功能的影响。方法：将2019年1月-2021年1月在安徽医科大学附属巢湖医院接受诊治的150例CRF患者纳入研讨,所有患者根据随机数字表法分为AVF组、TCC组两组,例数各为75例。观察两组血液透析效果并进行比较,对比两组炎性因子、营养水平和肾功能的变化情况,记录两组并发症发生情况。结果：AVF组透析6个月后尿素清除指数（KT/V）、尿素清除率（URR）高于TCC组（P<0.05）。AVF组透析6个月后白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）低于TCC组（P<0.05）。AVF组透析6个月后白蛋白（ALB）、前白蛋白（PAB）高于TCC组（P<0.05）。两组透析6个月后尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Scr）较治疗前下降,且AVF组低于TCC组（P<0.05）。AVF组的并发症发生率低于TCC组（P<0.05）。结论：CRF患者采取AVF通路行血液透析治疗,临床效果较采取TCC通路更为显著,可有效改善患者肾功能,降低血液炎性因子水平,同时还可以降低并发症发生率,对机体营养状况的影响相对轻微,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

结直肠漏评分联合中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值、C反应蛋白与白蛋白比值对直肠癌Dixon术后吻合口漏的预测价值研究

摘要 目的：研究结直肠漏评分（CLS）联合中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、C反应蛋白与白蛋白比值（CAR）对直肠癌低位前切除（Dixon）术后吻合口漏的预测价值。方法：选取2020年4月-2022年3月于贵州医科大学附属医院行直肠癌Dixon手术的260例患者,根据术后吻合口漏发生情况分为吻合口漏组与无吻合口漏组。收集患者临床资料,术后评估两组CLS评分,术后第1、3 d检测中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞计数、C反应蛋白和白蛋白,计算NLR、CAR;采用Logistics回归分析术后吻合口漏的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析CLS、NLR、CAR对吻合口漏的预测价值。结果：260例患者术后发生20例吻合口漏,发生率为7.69%。吻合口漏组CLS评分高于无吻合口漏组（P＜0.05）;术后第1 d两组NLR、CAR比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,术后第3 d吻合口漏组NLR、CAR高于无吻合口漏组（P＜0.05）。两组吻合口至肛缘距离、糖尿病史、术前低蛋白血症、术前肠梗阻占比比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistics回归分析显示,吻合口距肛缘距离、糖尿病史、术前低蛋白血症、术前肠梗阻、CLS、NLR、CAR是患者术后发生吻合口漏的影响因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,CLS的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.851,NLR的AUC为0.861,CAR的AUC为0.859,三者联合的AUC为0.945,高于单独检测。结论：Dixon术后发生吻合口漏患者CLS评分、NLR和CAR升高,CLS评分联合NLR、CAR可有效预测直肠癌Dixon术后吻合口漏发生风险,可作为评估吻合口漏的辅助指标,以降低术后吻合口漏的发生率。     

硬膜外阻滞用于多发性痔、瘘手术及术后镇痛观察（附76例报告）

目的 观察硬膜外阻滞用于多发性痔、瘘手术麻醉效果及硬膜外注入布比卡因混合液术后镇痛研究。方法 于L3－4椎间隙进行硬膜外穿刺管,阻滞应用1．6％－2％利用多卡因8－11ml,术中必须时辅助用氟芬合剂,术后经硬膜外导管一次性汪入布比卡因混合液一个单位进行术后镇痛。结果 全组麻醉效果良好,术后镇痛优良率达100％。而且全组术后在无刺激的情况下始终无明显疼痛。结论 硬膜外阻滞用于痔、痔手术效果,而且较安全。硬膜外注入布比卡因混合液达到长时间术后镇痛作用,认为地塞米松能显著延长布比卡因止痛时间,维生素B12也具有局麻药协同作用及镇痛效果。