中药熏洗在肛瘘患者经挂线引流术后的临床应用

目的:探讨中药熏洗在肛瘘患者经挂线引流术后的临床应用效果。方法:收集我院收治的70例肛瘘挂线引流术后患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组35例,患者均行肛瘘经挂线引流术,术后对照组给予常规护理治疗,实验组患者给予自拟熏洗方进行中药熏洗。治疗结束后,比较两组患者的疼痛持续时间、恢复时间、创面愈合速度、症状评分并发症发生率以及复发率。结果:与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后的症状评分均显著下降(P0.05),而实验组患者治疗后的症状评分、疼痛持续时间、恢复时间、并发症发生率以及复发率明显低于对照组(P0.05),创面愈合速度显著快于对照组(P0.05)。结论:中药熏洗能够有效促进肛瘘患者经挂线引流术后恢复并减少复发,且安全性较高。     

The haemodynamic effect of an adjustable band in an arteriovenous fistula

A number of treatment approaches exist for excessive flowrate arteriovenous fistulae. Banding has a number of advantages, yet there is concern over its use due to reported high post-surgery thrombosis rates. A computational study is conducted of a new technique, to elucidate the hemodynamics present in the process. The key improvement involves the use of an adjustable band which can be used to optimise the flowrate during the surgery. The pressure and flowrate changes are apparent from the computational results and the computational results also demonstrate that further optimization may be possible. We then present a small cohort of five cases where the new banding procedure has been implemented with success. The new technique was combined with intra-operative ultrasound flow monitoring.     

18 例维吾尔族膀胱阴道瘘临床分析

目的:探讨维吾尔族膀胱阴道瘘的病因、诊断及治疗措施。方法:对2006年6月～2011年6月新疆自治区人民医院泌尿外科经美兰试验和膀胱镜检查确诊的18例维吾尔族膀胱阴道瘘患者的病历资料进行回顾性的临床分析。17例患者行瘘修补术,其中12例(70.59%)经腹修补,5例(29.41%)经阴道修补。1例患者行双侧输尿管经皮造瘘术。结果:18例患者中,16例1次修补成功,1例2次修补后成功。术后随访1至12个月无复发。结论:阴道分娩难产在维吾尔族膀胱阴道瘘患者中最为多见,根据患者全身情况、瘘道大小及位置选择合适的手术路径,术前充分准备,术后严格管理,大大提高手术成功率。     

Novel insights into interactions between mitochondria and xanthine oxidase in acute cardiac volume overload

Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is increased in the left ventricle (LV) of humans with volume overload (VO), and mitochondrial inhibition of the respiratory chain occurs in animal models of VO. Because mitochondria are both a source and a target of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, we hypothesized that activation of XOR and mitochondrial dysfunction are interdependent. To test this we used the aortocaval fistula (ACF) rat model of VO and a simulation of the stretch response in isolated adult cardiomyocytes with and without the inhibitor of XOR, allopurinol, or the mitochondrially targeted antioxidant MitoQ. Xanthine oxidase (XO) activity was increased in cardiomyocytes from ACF vs sham rats (24h) without an increase in XO protein. A twofold increase in LV end-diastolic pressure/wall stress and a decrease in LV systolic elastance with ACF were improved when allopurinol treatment (100mg/kg) was started at ACF induction. Subsarcolemmal State 3 mitochondrial respiration was significantly decreased in ACF and normalized by allopurinol. Cardiomyocytes subjected to 3h cyclical stretch resulted in an increase in XO activity and mitochondrial swelling, which was prevented by allopurinol or MitoQ pretreatment. These studies establish an early interplay between cardiomyocyte XO activation and bioenergetic dysfunction that may provide a new target that prevents progression to heart failure in VO.     

覆膜支架封堵治疗食管胃吻合口- 胸腔瘘的临床疗效

目的:探讨采用自膨式覆膜支架封堵治疗食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘的临床价值及其安全性。方法:6例经碘水造影检查证实的食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘患者,植入覆膜支架后,持续性胸腔引流,抗感染治疗。结果:6例患者共植入7枚支架,支架展开良好,1枚移位。有效率6/7(86%)。置入覆膜支架后,既封堵了瘘口又解决了进食问题,控制了感染。结论:采用自膨式覆膜支架封堵治疗食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘具有较高的临床价值及安全性。     

重症急性胰腺炎上腹联合侧腹壁切口术后的综合护理探讨

目的:观察上腹联合侧腹壁切口治疗重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)术后综合护理的疗效。方法:对我院2006年1月至2010年6月在我科接受上腹和侧腹联合切口手术的46例SAP患者进行回顾性分析。其中26例患者接受综合护理,包括采用造瘘袋辅助护理、使用可调节式伤口保护罩、早期持续冲洗及负压吸引等;20例患者接受常规护理。比较两种护理策略对SAP开放性伤口的预后影响。结果:接受综合护理的患者再次手术率(5/26 vs 10/20,P=0.027),住院周期(26.08±8.48 vs.31.95±8.82,P=0.03)及护士工作满意度(93.15±4.05 vs.87.45±5.90,P<0.01)等方面均优于接受常规护理的患者。综合护理组患者住院期间死亡率(0/26 vs 3/20,P=0.075)及术后肠瘘发生率(1/26 vs 4/20,P=0.08)有降低的趋势。结论:采用综合护理可降低再次手术率,促进伤口愈合,缩短住院周期,可能降低肠瘘发生率及死亡率,提高护理疗效。     

Diagnostic and therapeutic approach of congenital solitary coronary artery fistulas in adults: Dutch case series and review of literature

Background

Coronary artery fistulas (CAFs) are infrequent anomalies, coincidentally detected during coronary angiography (CAG).

Aim

To elucidate the currently used diagnostic imaging modalities and applied therapeutic approaches.

Materials and Methods

Five Dutch patients were found to have CAFs. A total of 170 reviewed subjects were subdivided into two comparable groups of 85 each, treated with either percutaneous ‘therapeutic’ embolisation (PTE group) or surgical ligation (SL group).

Results

In our series, the fistulas were visualised with several diagnostic imaging tests using echocardiography, multidetector computed tomography, and CAG. Four fistulas were unilateral and one was bilateral; five originated from the left and one originated from the right coronary artery. Among the reviewed subjects, high success rates were found in both treatment groups (SL: 97% and PTE: 93%). Associated congenital or acquired cardiovascular disorders were frequently present in the SL group (23%). Bilateral fistulas were present in 11% of the SL group versus 1% of the PTE group. The fistula was ligated surgically in one and abolished percutaneously in another. Medical treatment including metoprolol was conducted in two, and watchful waiting follow-up was performed in one.

Conclusions

Several diagnostic imaging techniques are available for assessment of the anatomical and functional characteristics of CAFs.     

覆膜支架封堵治疗食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘的临床疗效

目的：探讨采用自膨式覆膜支架封堵治疗食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘的,临床价值及其安全性。方法：6例经碘水造影检查证实的食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘患者,植入覆膜支架后,持续性胸腔引流,抗感染治疗。结果：6例患者共植入7枚支架,支架展开良好,1枚移位。有效率6／7（86％）。置入覆膜支架后,既封堵了瘘口又解决了进食问题,控制了感染。结论：采用自膨式覆膜支架封堵治疗食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘具有较高的临床价值及安全性。     

应用奥曲肽预防胰十二指肠切除术后胰漏作用的研究

目的：预防性使用奥曲肽是否能减少胰十二指肠切除术后胰漏发生率存在着争议。本研究旨在研究奥曲肽在不同胰腺情况下预防胰十二指肠切除术后胰漏发生的作用。方法：本研究将＂软胰腺＂、＂细胰管＂作为术后胰漏发生的高危险因素,将184例胰十二指肠切除术病例分为4组：低危险/非奥曲肽组、低危险/奥曲肽组、高危险/非奥曲肽组、高危险/奥曲肽组。观察术后胰漏等术后并发症情况。结果：共发生术后胰漏35例（19%）,其中高危险组胰漏发生率是低危险组2倍以上（27%versus 10%,P〈0.01）。在胰漏发生低危险胰腺情况下,奥曲肽组与非奥曲肽组术后胰漏发生无显著差别;在胰漏发生高危险胰腺情况下,奥曲肽能显著降低术后胰漏发生率。结论：在胰十二指肠切除术围手术期应根据胰腺的具体情况选择性使用奥曲肽既能有效预防术后胰漏的发生,又能避免不必要的浪费。