Cd2+污染水质对水花生根系抗氧化酶活性和超微结构的影响

在不同浓度Cd^2 污染下,水花生根中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性呈现先升后降的变化,但达到最大值时的Cd^2 污染浓度,SOD的更低,过氧化物酶(POD)的活性和可溶性蛋白含量呈现持续下降的变化趋势,可溶性蛋白的含量受Cd^2 的毒害更大。随着Cd^2 污染浓度的增加和胁迫时间的延长,根尖细胞中高尔基体消失,线粒体嵴突膨胀、变形及空泡化,细胞核扭曲成不规则形,核染色质凝集,这些变化反应在功能上表现为膜脂过氧化、能量供应不足,蛋白质合成受阻而含量下降,最终导致死亡。各项结果与Cd^2 皆表现出明显的剂量效应关系,污染浓度愈大毒害程度愈深。     

Screening of Native Hyperaccumulators at the Huayuan River Contaminated by Heavy Metals

Plant, soil, and sediment samples were taken from the Fuqiao area within the Huayuan River basin in South China. Concentrations of manganese, zinc, cadmium, and lead in the samples were measured, and the characteristics of the plant samples to absorb, transfer, and accumulate the target metals were analyzed. It was indicated that the concentrations of target metals in 13 plant samples greatly exceeded the background values of target metals in plants over the world, and that the plant species might evolve to the accumulating ecotypes for the target metals under the long-term stress from the contaminated environment. Among 13 plant species, Alternanthera philoxeroides exhibited the highest accumulation capacities for the target metals, amounting to 6511, 13,784, 155, and 104 mg/kg in its shoots for manganese, zinc, cadmium, and lead, respectively. Its bioaccumulation coefficients for manganese, zinc, cadmium, and lead were 5.08, 49.23, 36.78, and 34.81, respectively, and its transfer factors for manganese, zinc, cadmium, and lead were 7.53, 3.19, 7.38, and 1.29, respectively. The results showed that Alternanthera philoxeroides satisfied the criteria for the hyperaccumulator for zinc and cadmium, and that it might be a potential native plant species for phytoremediation of the contaminated soil, sediment, and river water by the target metals within the basin.