下鼻道开窗术治疗慢性上颌窦炎32 例

目的:探讨下鼻道开窗术替代传统的上颌窦根治术治疗慢性上颌窦炎的手术方法及治疗效果。方法:通过对慢性上颌窦炎患者32例进行下鼻道开窗术治疗,并与同期进行上颌窦根治术31例比较。结果:下鼻道开窗术组一次手术痊愈率93.7%,上颌窦根治术组一次手术痊愈率93.5%,两组手术效果统计学处理无显著性差异,(u=1.24,u>0.05)。结论:下鼻道开窗术替代传统的上颌窦根治术,疗效相同,而且具有无面部肿胀麻木及牙齿酸胀等并发症。能够达到上颌窦根治的目的并具有微创的特点。     

手术室流程优化后连台手术间隔时间的研究

目的 通过比较研究Ⅱ级手术间不同空气洁净时间,得出连台手术理想的间隔时间。方法 选择Ⅱ级手术间第一台手术结束后进行清洁净化,在清洁前和净化后15 min、30 min、45 min的3个时间段采用平板暴露法进行沉降菌监测。结果 清洁前沉降菌数超过标准,而清洁15 min后沉降菌数已降到标准要求。分别对培养皿清洁前、清洁后
15 min、30 min、45 min间进行方差分析,结果显示有统计学意义（P<0.01）;经多重比较（LSD）,清洁后15 min、30 min、45 min与清洁前比较,差异均有统计学意义（、P<0.01）,而清洁15 min后各时间点比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 手术结束后手术间净化15 min即可进行连台手术。     

Exploring threshold operation criteria of biostimulation for azo dye decolorization using immobilized cell systems

This follow-up study provided an evaluation on threshold operation criteria of biostimulation in immobilized cell systems (ICSs) with Aeromonas hydrophila onto packing materials Porites corals. Essential nutrients in appropriate flow rate for biostimulation were inevitably required to maintain maximum attached cell population for cost-effective biodecolorization. With the method of “graphical reconstruction”, the most economically feasible strategy of medium stimulation for color removal was quantitatively revealed. Our findings pointed out no matter what operation mode of reactor was (e.g., suspended batch cultures or ICS) color removal efficiency for A. hydrophila still strongly depended upon intrinsic kinetics and chemical reactivities of azo dyes. Mass transport effects in ICS might not play most significant roles to limit dye biodecolorization of A. hydrophila (except Reactive red 198, Reactive green 19), as relative rankings of color removal rates of various dyes were almost in parallel with those in suspended batch cultures.     

Operational optimization of a turbine blade reactor using macroporous support and its application to rice callus regeneration

Optimal operation condition was investigated for immobilized rice callus culture using a turbine blade reactor (TBR²) with polyurethane foam supports. By using polyurethane foam block as immobilization support, the inhibition of cell growth at a high agitation speed was avoided because the hydrodynamic stress against immobilized cell was probably reduced. Experimental results in each operational condition were assessed by means of rice callus growth, immobilization ratio in TBR and those regeneration frequencies in regeneration culture using solid medium. Concerning with pore size of polyurethane foam and support size, three-millimeter cube support of polyurethane foam with an average pore size of 1.3 mm was the most suitable support. The maximum immobilization ratio was 50% under 5% support volume by volume of growth medium. For improving the immobilization ratio of rice callus in the TBR, the optimum TBR operation and modification were investigated further. By repeating a periodic operation 3 times (agitating at 300 rpm for 5 min and then 50 rpm for 2 min, and then 200 rpm of constant agitation speed during the remaining time), almost all supports could entrap rice callus and homogeneous immobilization was attained. The immobilization ratio was improved as compared with that using a constant operation at 200 rpm. Next, the TBR was modified by setting an air sparger inside the stainless mesh cylinder. In the modified TBR, the floating support by air bubbles was reduced, and the immobilization ratio increased further and reached 86.3% when we increased the support volume to 15% under periodic operation on a daily basis. The regeneration frequency of immobilized callus was also slightly increased by periodic operation and modification of the TBR.     

Risk Management Behind Kuwait's Firefighting Emergency Plan

There are usually only about 12–30 oil-well blowouts per year worldwide. Thus, the situation in which 608 wells were burning at the same time in Kuwait, due to the implementation of the “Scorched-Earth” threat by the retreating Iraqi forces, was not only unique but was also beyond the capabilities of any nation to deal with. This article reviews the published literature on prominent oil-well blowouts both worldwide and in Kuwait before the 1991 environmental disaster, and describes the situation in the country and the status of the oil fields after the catastrophe, which prompted the development of a strategic emergency plan. The important measures adopted as part of the strategy to manage the risk of the environmental disaster and to extinguish and cap Kuwait's oil fires are detailed in this article.     

Binary synthesis of multicomponent peptide mixtures by the portioning–mixing technique

By introducing a new operation (non-coupling), our portioning–mixing method has become suitable for preparing binary peptide libraries. We demonstrate that all the expected components of a simple library are present in the mixture. The number of components in such libraries, the molar ratio of peptides as well as the possibilities of screening are discussed.     

江苏农业种质资源平台运行管理信息系统建设

为促进农业种质资源开放共享,江苏省于2005年启动农业种质资源保护与利用平台建设,经过十多年的努力,初步建成了"四位一体""库圃结合"的农业种质资源保护与利用体系,涵盖农作物、林木、水产和家养动物4大类共计30个省级种质库(圃),有力地支撑了江苏现代农业品种创新与产业发展。由于平台跨学科、跨行业建设,种质库(圃)遍布全省不同地区,涉及不同性质的责任主体,给平台运行管理带来了一定的难度,且存在平台运行服务数据采集时间滞后、统计程序繁杂、管理工作效率较低等不足。为进一步提高平台的运行管理效率,促进种质资源的有效利用,本文设计构建了一套B/S模式的农业种质资源平台运行管理信息系统,用于平台线上工作流管理,实现运行服务数据的统一管理和运行服务成效的可视化展示。该系统的建立为平台的管理和决策提供了可视化数据支撑。     

Strategies for biological heart valve replacement: Stentless xenografts fail to evolve into an alternative pulmonary valve substitute in a Ross procedure

The Ross operation is a complex procedure for aortic valve replacement in which the pulmonary autograft is replaced by a homograft. However, homograft availability is becoming limited. This report evaluates the performance of porcine stentless prostheses as alternative pulmonary substitutes. Echocardiographic results from two patient cohorts were compared at time of discharge and 1 year after a Ross procedure. Thirty-three patients (median age 42 years, range 17–62 years, 76% male) received a stentless prosthesis (median size 25.6 mm, range 25–29 mm) for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. Clinical data were not significantly different from 106 patients (median age 47 years, range 2–68 years, 75% male) who received cryopreserved homografts (median size 26 mm, range 20–33 mm). At time of discharge, peak pressure gradients (ΔP_max) across the stentless valve (median ΔP_max 13 mmHg, range 2–26 mmHg) were higher compared to homografts (median ΔP_max 7 mmHg, range 1–32 mmHg, p<0.001). At 1 year, gradients increased in both groups, but were significantly higher across stentless valves (median ΔP_max 23 mmHg, range 10–81 mmHg vs. median ΔP_max 13 mmHg, range 2–74 mmHg, p<0.001). Eleven patients (33%) in the stentless-valve group were classified “at risk” with a ΔP_max of ≥30 mmHg. Four of them (12%) had to be re-operated. In conclusion, stentless valves showed higher pressure gradients and their performance was inferior to cryopreserved homografts. See accompanying commentary by Ulrich Stock DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200341     

Visualizing feasible operating ranges within tissue engineering systems using a “windows of operation” approach: A perfusion‐scaffold bioreactor case study

Tissue engineering approaches to developing functional substitutes are often highly complex, multivariate systems where many aspects of the biomaterials, bio‐regulatory factors or cell sources may be controlled in an effort to enhance tissue formation. Furthermore, success is based on multiple performance criteria reflecting both the quantity and quality of the tissue produced. Managing the trade‐offs between different performance criteria is a challenge. A “windows of operation” tool that graphically represents feasible operating spaces to achieve user‐defined levels of performance has previously been described by researchers in the bio‐processing industry. This paper demonstrates the value of “windows of operation” to the tissue engineering field using a perfusion‐scaffold bioreactor system as a case study. In our laboratory, perfusion bioreactor systems are utilized in the context of bone tissue engineering to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of cell‐seeded scaffolds. A key challenge of such perfusion bioreactor systems is to maximize the induction of osteogenesis but minimize cell detachment from the scaffold. Two key operating variables that influence these performance criteria are the mean scaffold pore size and flow‐rate. Using cyclooxygenase‐2 and osteopontin gene expression levels as surrogate indicators of osteogenesis, we employed the “windows of operation” methodology to rapidly identify feasible operating ranges for the mean scaffold pore size and flow‐rate that achieved user‐defined levels of performance for cell detachment and differentiation. Incorporation of such tools into the tissue engineer's armory will hopefully yield a greater understanding of the highly complex systems used and help aid decision making in future translation of products from the bench top to the market place. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109: 3161–3171. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Simulation of an iterative learning control system for fed-batch cell culture processes

This paper describes an iterative learning control scheme for fed-batch operation where repetitive trajectory tracking tasks are required. The proposed learning strategy is model-independent, and it takes advantage of the repetitive feature of system operations with a certain degree of intelligence and requires only small size of dynamic database for the learning process. The convergence of the learning process is proven. An example of simultaneously tracking two predefined trajectories by iterative learning control with two control inputs is given to illustrate the methodology. Satisfactory performance of the learning system can be observed from the simulation results.