扶正解毒方联合恩度对晚期非小细胞肺癌患者肺功能、T细胞亚群和生存质量的影响

摘要 目的：探讨扶正解毒方联合恩度对晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者肺功能、T细胞亚群和生存质量的影响。方法：选取我院于2016年3月到2018年10月期间收治的晚期NSCLC患者116例,根据随机数字法将患者分为对照组（n=58,恩度联合化疗）和研究组（n=58,对照组基础上联合扶正解毒方治疗）,均以21 d为一个治疗周期,共治疗4个周期。比较两组患者疗效、不良反应发生率。比较两组治疗前、治疗4个周期后的肺功能、T细胞亚群和生存质量。结果：治疗4个周期后,研究组的临床总有效率为58.62%（34/58）,高于对照组的39.66%（23/58）（P<0.05）。治疗4个周期后,两组患者CD4⁺、CD3⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺水平均下降,但研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）,CD8⁺水平均升高,但研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗4个周期后躯体功能、认知功能、角色功能、社会功能以及情绪功能评分以及第1 s用力呼气容积（FEV₁）、用力肺活量（FVC）、呼气峰流速值（PEF）均升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：扶正解毒方联合恩度治疗晚期NSCLC患者,疗效较好,可减轻免疫抑制,提高生存质量及肺功能,且不增加不良反应发生率。     

ITGB1 enhances the Radioresistance of human Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by modulating the DNA damage response and YAP1-induced Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition

Objectives: Radiotherapy has played a limited role in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) due to the risk of tumour radioresistance. We previously established the radioresistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line H460R. In this study, we identified differentially expressed genes between these radioresistant H460R cells and their radiosensitive parent line. We further evaluated the role of a differentially expressed gene, ITGB1, in NSCLC cell radioresistance and as a potential target for improving radiosensitivity.Materials and Methods: The radiosensitivity of NSCLC cells was evaluated by flow cytometry, colony formation assays, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting. Bioinformatics assay was used to identify the effect of ITGB1 and YAP1 expression in NSCLC tissues.Results: ITGB1 mRNA and protein expression levels were higher in H460R than in the parental H460 cells. We observed lower clonogenic survival and cell viability and a higher rate of apoptosis of ITGB1-knockdown A549 and H460R cells than of wild type cells post-irradiation. Transfection with an ITGB1 short hairpin (sh) RNA enhanced radiation-induced DNA damage and G2/M phase arrest. Moreover, ITGB1 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of NSCLC cells. Silencing ITGB1 suppressed the expression and intracellular translocation of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), a downstream effector of ITGB1.Conclusions: ITGB1 may induce radioresistance via affecting DNA repair and YAP1-induced EMT. Taken together, our data suggest that ITGB1 is an attractive therapeutic target to overcome NSCLC cell radioresistance.     

The influence of Acuros XB on dose volume histogram metrics and tumour control probability modelling in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer

PurposeRadiation therapy plans are assessed using dose volume metrics derived from clinical toxicity and outcome data. In this study, plans for patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) are examined in the context of the implementation of the Acuros XB (AXB) dose calculation algorithm focussing on the impact on common metrics. Methods: Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans were generated for twenty patients, using the Analytical Anisotropic Algorithm (AAA) and recalculated with AXB for both dose to water (D_w) and dose to medium (D_m). Standard dose volume histogram (DVH) metrics for both targets and organs-at-risk (OARs) were extracted, in addition to tumour control probability (TCP) for targets. Results: Mean dose to the planning target volume (PTV) was not clinically different between the algorithms (within ±1.1 Gy) but differences were seen in the minimum dose, D_99% and D_98% as well as for conformity and homogeneity metrics. A difference in TCP was seen for AXB_Dm plans versus both AXB_Dw and AAA plans. No clinically relevant differences were seen in the lung metrics. For point doses to spinal cord and oesophagus, the AXB_Dm values were lower than AXB_Dw, by up to 1.0 Gy. Conclusion: Normalisation of plans to the mean/median dose to the target does not need to be adjusted when moving from AAA to AXB. OAR point doses may decrease by up to 1 Gy with AXB_Dm, which can be accounted for in clinical planning. Other OAR metrics do not need to be adjusted.     

NEK2 plays an active role in Tumorigenesis and Tumor Microenvironment in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Abnormal expression and dysfunction of Never-in-mitosis-A-related kinase 2 (NEK2) result in tumorigenesis. High levels of NEK2 are related to malignant progression, drug resistance, and poor prognosis. However, the relationship between NEK2 levels and the occurrence of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the impacts of NEK2 on the oncogenesis of NSCLC and the tumor microenvironment. Downregulation of NEK2 inhibited A549 and H1299 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, blocking cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. Loss of NEK2 inhibited the release of IL-10 from tumor cells, M2-like polarization of macrophages, angiogenesis, and vascular endothelial cell migration. Furthermore, NEK2 deficiency inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, NEK2 knockdown inhibited the occurrence and development of NSCLC, M2 polarization of macrophages, and angiogenesis. The abnormal expression of NEK2 might not only indicate tumor progression and patient prognosis but also serve as a potential molecular therapeutic target with great development prospects.     

雄激素去势治疗联合多西他赛对晚期前列腺癌患者血清hk2、miR-221及NF-κB水平的影响

目的:研究雄激素去势治疗联合多西他赛对晚期前列腺癌患者血清人激肽释放酶(hk2)、微核糖核酸-221(miR-221)及核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)水平的影响。方法:选择我院2014年9月~2016年1月收治的80例晚期前列腺癌患者为研究对象,依据随机数字表法分为对照组和实验组,各40例。对照组采用单纯雄激素去势治疗,实验组采用雄激素去势治疗联合多西他赛,对比两组临床疗效,治疗前后血清前列腺抗原(PSA),hk2、miR-221及NF-κB水平,生活质量,不良反应和生存情况。结果:治疗后,实验组总有效率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组血清PSA、hk2、miR-221及NF-κB水平水平均显著低于治疗前,实验组以上指标明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,实验组机体状况及生活状况较对照组高(P<0.05);两组家庭状况、情感状况、与医师关系及前列腺癌特异性生活质量评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,实验组机体状况及生活状况较对照组高(P<0.05);两组家庭状况、情感状况、与医师关系及前列腺癌特异性生活质量评分比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。两组1年生存情况比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);实验组2年生存例数多于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:雄激素去势治疗联合多西他赛能够降低血清hk2、miR-221、NF-κB水平,改善患者生活质量及生存情况。     

血管内皮抑制素联合调强放疗对老年中晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床应用价值研究

目的探讨血管内皮抑制素联合调强放疗在老年中晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中的放疗增敏作用及对T细胞、NK细胞的影响。方法选取2015年3月至2016年8月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院NSCLC患者106例,依据简单随机数字表法分为对照组(采取调强放疗)与研究组(在对照组基础上使用血管内皮抑制素),每组53例。分析两组临床疗效、治疗前后NK细胞、T细胞水平、血清肿瘤标志物水平、EPO mRNA、EPO-R mRNA水平、毒副反应,随访3年后统计两组生存情况[中位总生存期(OS)、中位无进展生存期(PFS)]。两组比较采用独立样本t检验,组内治疗前后比较采用配对t检验,临床疗效、毒副反应发生率等采用c2检验。结果对照组肿瘤控制率低于研究组(69.81%比86.79%)(P<0.05);与治疗前比较,两组治疗后NK细胞、CD3±、CD4^+、CD4^+/CD8^+水平,血清CA199、CA125、CEA、CY211水平,EPO mRNA,EPO-R mRNA水平均降低,CD8^+水平增高,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);与对照组治疗后比较,研究组治疗后NK细胞[(8.01±1.64)%比(10.44±2.13)%]、CD3±[(53.51±6.02)%比(59.33±5.15)%],CD4^+[(32.31±4.01)%比(36.40±3.86)%]、CD4^+/CD8^+[(0.94±0.28)%比(1.23±0.30)%],中位PFS(5个月比8个月)、中位OS(18个月比23个月)升高,CD8^+[(34.22±3.08)%比(29.56±2.50)%],CA199[(35.20±4.46)kU/L比(30.15±4.14)kU/L]、CA125[(34.91±6.03)kU/L比(29.77±5.30)kU/L]、CEA[(22.50±3.97)μg/L比(17.97±4.10)μg/L]、CY211[(7.19±2.01)μg/L比(4.56±1.34)μg/L],EPO mRNA水平(0.85±0.08比0.80±0.06)、EPO-RmRNA水平(0.88±0.09比0.81±0.08)降低,差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.05);与对照组比较,研究组血红蛋白减少、肝肾功能损伤、恶心呕吐、中性粒细胞减少发生率之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论联合采取调强放疗及血管内皮抑制素治疗老年中晚期NSCLC,可有效提高肿瘤控制率,改善患者生存状况,可能是因其能降低血清肿瘤标志物水平,减轻对免疫功能的影响,调节EPO mRNA、EPO-R mRNA,且具有安全性。     

Assessment in the visual arts: Challenges and possibilities

Abstract

Assessment in art is notoriously difficult and is probably best approached with skepticism. Artistry is notoriously difficult to assess. Yet measures of student learning in art are needed for both advocacy and art education policy. Assessments, particularly large-scale assessments, influence funding and educational policy at all levels. This article explores some of the challenges of assessment in the visual arts and critically examines the Advanced Placement Studio Art Portfolio to illustrate how a product-oriented assessment might influence teaching and policy.     

Transferrin Modifications and Lipid Peroxidation: Implications in Diabetes Mellitus

Free iron is capable of stimulating the production of free radicals which cause oxidative damage such as lipid peroxidation. One of the most important mechanisms of antioxidant defense is thus the sequestration of iron in a redox-inactive form by transferrin. In diabetes mellitus, increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation contribute to chronic complications but it is not known if this is related to abnormalities in transferrin function. In this study we investigated the role of transferrin concentration and glycation. The antioxidant capacity of apotransferrin to inhibit lipid peroxidation by iron-binding decreased in a concentration-dependent manner from 89% at &lt;formula&gt;≥2 mg/ml&lt;/formula&gt; to 42% at 0.5 mg/ml. Pre-incubation of apotransferrin with glucose for 14 days resulted in a concentration-dependent increase of glycation: 1, 5 and 13 μmol fructosamine/g transferrin at 0, 5.6 and 33.3 mmol/l glucose respectively, p&lt;0.001. This was accompanied by a decrease in the iron-binding antioxidant capacity of apotransferrin. In contrast, transferrin glycation by up to 33.3 mmol/l glucose did not affect chemiluminescence-quenching antioxidant capacity, which is iron-independent. Colorimetric evaluation of total iron binding capacity in the presence of an excess of iron (iron/transferrin molar ratio=2.4) also decreased from 0.726 to 0.696 and 0.585 mg/g transferrin after 0, 5.6 and 33.3 mmol/l glucose, respectively, p&lt;0.01. In conclusion, these results suggest that lower transferrin concentration and its glycation can, by enhancing the pro-oxidant effects of iron, contribute to the increased lipid peroxidation observed in diabetes.     

Detection of advanced oxidation protein products in patients with chronic kidney disease by a novel monoclonal antibody

Abstract

Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) as a biomarker of oxidative stress has been demonstrated in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients; however, current methods to detect the accumulation of AOPP in serum and in tissues are limited and unreliable. This study generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb) designated 3F2, that reacts specifically with hypochlorous acid (HOCl)-modified proteins, but not with the native forms or with other types of oxidative modifications. Notably, mAb 3F2 recognizes the AOPP deposited in renal tissues of AOPP-treated rats and of patients with different kinds of CKD. Moreover, this mAb can almost completely inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species in RAW264.7 cells induced by AOPP (p < 0.001). In conclusion, mAb 3F2 can be used to detect AOPP specifically in serum and in tissues, and this antibody can potentially provide an important tool and new insight into research on diseases related to oxidative stress.     

ERCC1 function in nuclear excision and interstrand crosslink repair pathways is mediated exclusively by the ERCC1-202 isoform

ERCC1 (excision repair cross-complementation group 1) plays essential roles in the removal of DNA intrastrand crosslinks by nucleotide excision repair, and that of DNA interstrand crosslinks by the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway and homology-directed repair processes (HDR). The function of ERCC1 thus impacts on the DNA damage response (DDR), particularly in anticancer therapy when DNA damaging agents are employed. ERCC1 expression has been proposed as a predictive biomarker of the response to platinum-based therapy. However, the assessment of ERCC1 expression in clinical samples is complicated by the existence of 4 functionally distinct protein isoforms, which differently impact on DDR. Here, we explored the functional competence of each ERCC1 protein isoform and obtained evidence that the 202 isoform is the sole one endowed with ERCC1 activity in DNA repair pathways. The ERCC1 isoform 202 interacts with RPA, XPA, and XPF, and XPF stability requires expression of the ERCC1 202 isoform (but none of the 3 others). ERCC1-deficient non-small cell lung cancer cells show abnormal mitosis, a phenotype reminiscent of the FA phenotype that can be rescued by isoform 202 only. Finally, we could not observe any dominant-negative interaction between ERCC1 isoforms. These data suggest that the selective assessment of the ERCC1 isoform 202 in clinical samples should accurately reflect the DDR-related activity of the gene and hence constitute a useful biomarker for customizing anticancer therapies.