三氯化镧脑室注射对下丘脑腹内侧核放电及血清中生长素 …

目的和方法：将不同剂量三氯化镧ＬａＣｌ３注射大鼠侧脑室,观察下丘脑腹内侧（ＶＭＮ）放电频率和血清生长素（ＧＨ）含量,研究ＬａＣｌ３对神经内分泌的影响。结果：小剂量（０．００５μｍｏｌ）注射后可使ＶＭＮ中ＧＨ相关神经元放明显增加,并可引起血清中ＧＨ含量的增加;而大剂量ＬａＣｌ３（０．５μｍｏｌ）组,ＶＭＮ放电呈抑制反应,此组动物血清中ＧＨ含量呈减少趋势,明显低于小剂量组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,但与生理盐水     

Hormone activity of a synthetic decapeptide with the adrenocorticotropin-like sequence of human immunoglobulin G1

The antiproliferative and immunosuppressivein vitro effects ofimmunocortin, a synthetic adrenocorticotropin-like (ACTH-like) decapeptide H-Val-Lys-Lys-Pro-Gly-Ser-Ser-Val-Lys-Val-OH, whose sequence corresponds to segment 11–20 of the variable part of the human IgG1 heavy chain, were studied. At concentrations of 10⁻¹¹−10⁻⁷ M, immunocortin was found to inhibit the growth of the human MT-4 T-lymphoblastoid cell line, to suppress the blast transformation of thymocytes, and to decrease the spontaneous mobility of peritoneal macrophages and their bactericidal action toward the virulent strainSalmonella typhimurium 415. By using a¹²⁵I-labeled “addressing” fragment of ACTH {[¹²⁵I]ACTH (13–24)}, we showed that MT-4 cells express specific receptors for ACTH (K _d 97 pM). Immunocortin and human ACTH (but not the heavy chain of IgG1) competitively inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ACTH-(13–24) to these receptors withK _i1 of 0.38 andK _i2 of 0.34 nM, respectively. Specific receptors for ACTH (K _d 5.8 nM) on mouse thymocytes were detected and characterized. The unlabeled immunocortin was shown to compete with labeled ACTH-(13–24) for binding to these receptors (K _i=1.8 nM), and this binding of immunocortin to receptors on thymocytes activates adenylate cyclase from these cells and increases the intracellular concentration of cAMP.     

Determination of immunoreactive gonadotropin-releasing hormone in serum and urine by on-line immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry

The need for urgent diagnoses has propelled the development of automated analyses that can be performed in a short time at reasonable cost. One such method is immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis. This emerging hybrid technology employs two powerful techniques coupled on-line for the direct and rapid determination of analytes present in biological fluids. The first technique, immunoaffinity, is used for the selective extraction of a molecule present in a complex matrix, utilizing a microscale-format chamber affinity device. An analyte (affinity target) present in serum or urine is captured by an immobilized molecular recognition antibody molecule (affinity ligand) bound to a solid support constituent (glass beads or an appropriate porous structure) of a microchamber affinity device. The second technique, capillary electrophoresis, is used for the high-resolution analytical separation of the purified and concentrated affinity target material after elution from the microchamber affinity device. In this work, immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis was developed for the identification and characterization of a single constituent of a complex matrix. Immunoreactive gonadotropin-releasing hormone was determined in serum and urine specimens derived from a normal individual and from a patient suffering from benign prostatic hyperplasia. Furthermore, the on-line immuno-separation system was coupled in tandem to mass spectrometry to obtain molecular mass information of the affinity isolated and CE separated neuropeptide. This hybrid immuno-analytical technology is simple, rapid, selective and sensitive. In addition, an attempt was also made to characterize other urinary constituents by CE–MS that may lead to marker activity in the urine of the diseased subject. The hyphenation of analytical techniques has proved valuable in enhancing their individual features. The future of bioanalysis using miniaturized affinity systems is discussed in this paper.     

虎纹蛙促性腺激素含量随年龄及季节的变化(英文)

促性腺激素（ＧｔＨ;或ＬＨ和ＦＳＨ）在脊椎动物生殖调节中起中Ｃ作用;脑垂体和血浆ＧｔＨ水平在一定程度上反映着动物体的生殖生理状态。在蛙类,对脑垂体和血浆的ＬＨ及ＦＳＨ含量进行过较全面研究的,仅在牛蛙和日本蟾蜍有过报道,结果显示它们的ＬＨ和ＦＳＨ的含量存在有种类差异性。虎纹蛙属中国二级保护动物,也是唯一受保护的蛙类,对其生殖生物学的基础内容进行研究具有重要的意义。 为此,本文利用放射免疫测定法,测定了虎纹蛙幼蛙和不同性腺发育阶段（季节）成蛙脑垂体与血浆的ＬＨ及ＦＳＨ含量,以弄清这些激素的含量变化与年龄、季节（性腺发育阶段）变化的关系,以期为虎纹蛙的基础生殖生物学及蛙类的生殖内分泌学充实新的内容,为虎纹蛙的人工繁殖和保护提供理论依据。结果是：幼蛙血浆ＬＨ水平显著高于各期成蛙（Ｆｉｇ．Ａ）,血浆ＦＳＨ水平显著低于成熟前期成蛙,而和其它各性腺发育阶段成蛙相当（Ｆｉｇ．Ｂ）。而脑垂体ＬＨ或ＦＳＨ的含量显著低于各期成蛙（Ｆｉｇ．Ｃ＆Ｄ）。这说明,幼蛙脑垂体已具有一定的合成和释放ＬＨ及ＦＳＨ的能力。 成蛙脑垂体和血浆ＬＨ及ＦＳＨ水平随性腺发育阶段（季节）的不同而有一定的变化：雌蛙血浆ＬＨ水平在成熟期最高,性腺再发育期最低;     

土壤干旱条件下玉米叶片内源激素含量及光合作用的变化

利用HPLC和ELISA技术研究了土壤干旱条件下玉米叶片内源IAA、ABA、ZR、DHZR、iPA含量的变化情况 ,以及叶片光合作用过程中 ,光合速率 (Pn) ,气孔导度 (Gs) ,PSⅡ光化学效率 (Fv/Fm)的变化情况 ,结果发现 :叶片中IAA浓度 ,在整个干旱过程中变化不大 ,与对照相比下降不明显 ;IAA的浓度对干旱的反应不敏感 ;叶片中ABA浓度在干旱最初 3d里急剧升高 ,直至最大值 ,之后有所下降 ;ABA的浓度对干旱反应敏感 ,但在整个干旱过程中ABA浓度并不随土壤相对含水量的减少而逐步升高 ;叶片中ZR和DHZR的浓度在干旱过程中与对照相比变化不明显 ,iPA浓度在干旱 4d后显著下降 ;叶片Pn在干旱初始 4d里随RWC的减小而缓慢下降 ,4d之后下降迅速 ;Gs从干旱第一天起即迅速减小 ,到第 4天近乎于零 ,Fv/Fm从干旱第 5天后开始逐步减小。这些结果证实在干旱过程中叶片ABA浓度的升高对气孔导度的调节作用 ,干旱初期光合速率的下降主要是气孔关闭所致 ;干旱后期光合速率的快速下降可能是PSⅡ光反应效率降低造成的     

Leptin Responses to Weight Loss in Postmenopausal Women: Relationship to Sex‐Hormone Binding Globulin and Visceral Obesity

Objective: Leptin concentrations increase with obesity and tend to decrease with weight loss. However, there is large variation in the response of serum leptin levels to decreases in body weight. This study examines which endocrine and body composition factors are related to changes in leptin concentrations following weight loss in obese, postmenopausal women. Research Methods and Procedures: Body composition (DXA), visceral obesity (computed tomography), leptin, cortisol, insulin, and sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations were measured in 54 obese (body mass index [BMI] = 32.0 ± 4.5 kg/m²; mean ± SD), women (60 ± 6 years) before and after a 6‐month hypocaloric diet (250 to 350 kcal/day deficit). Results: Body weight decreased by 5.8 ± 3.4 kg (7.1%) and leptin levels decreased by 6.6 ± 11.9 ng/mL (14.5%) after the 6‐month treatment. Insulin levels decreased 10% (p < 0.05), but mean SHBG and cortisol levels did not change significantly. Relative changes in leptin with weight loss correlated positively with relative changes in body weight (r = 0.50, p < 0.0001), fat mass (r = 0.38, p < 0.01), subcutaneous fat area (r = 0.52, p < 0.0001), and with baseline values of SHBG (r = 0.38, p < 0.01) and baseline intra‐abdominal fat area (r = ?0.27, p < 0.06). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that baseline SHBG levels (r² = 0.24, p < 0.01), relative changes in body weight (cumulative r² = 0.40, p < 0.05), and baseline intra‐abdominal fat area (cumulative r² = 0.48, p < 0.05) were the only independent predictors of the relative change in leptin, accounting for 48% of the variance. Discussion: These results suggest that obese, postmenopausal women with a lower initial SHBG and more visceral obesity have a greater decrease in leptin with weight loss, independent of the amount of weight lost.     

保幼激素及其代谢产物的HPLC分离方法的改进和应用

传统的正相高效液相色谱（normal phase high performance liquid chromatography, NP-HPLC）可以较好地分离保幼激素（juvenile hormone, JH）Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ,但不能分离保幼激素的代谢产物及其类似物。经过改进的反相高效液相色谱（reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, RP-HPLC）不仅可以很好地分离保幼激素,还能定性定量分析保幼激素的代谢产物及其类似物。离体培养昆虫咽侧体（corpora allata, CA）所合成的、被同位素标记的痕量保幼激素可以用以上两种色谱方法进行分离和鉴定。此外,RP-HPLC还可以用来分离体内或体外同位素标记的保幼激素代谢产物,以及测量血淋巴中的保幼激素滴度。     

环境胁迫下植物MAPK多叠级联响应

植物MAP(mitogen-activated protein)激酶涉及植物的生长发育、对内源和外界环境刺激的反应.MAP激酶能将胞外感受器引起的刺激传递到胞内引起细胞的反应.拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)作为模式植物,其全部的MAP激酶已经列出并进行了分类.根据已分类的拟南芥MAP激酶家族,已经分离出大量的MAP激酶基因,并将它们进行分类,发现它们大多能被包括病原、创伤、温度、干旱、盐、渗透、紫外线辐射、臭氧和活性氧等胁迫刺激激活.通过研究在不同环境胁迫下的功能和信号路径,发现植物MAP激酶信号传递系统是复杂且相互交错的.需要开发一些新的工具和策略去阐明MAPK信号传递路径,以及如何利用MAPK系统去改善农作物对生物和非生物胁迫的抗性.