早期综合康复联合穴位按摩对缺氧缺血性脑病患儿智力发育、生长发育和血清脑组织损伤标志物的影响

摘要 目的：探讨早期综合康复联合穴位按摩对缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）患儿智力发育、生长发育和血清脑组织损伤标志物的影响。方法：选取2016年1月- 2021年12月期间西安医学院第二附属医院收治的126例HIE患儿作为观察对象。根据双色球法将患儿分为对照组和观察组,其中对照组63例,在常规治疗基础上联合早期综合康复;观察组63例,在常规治疗基础上接受早期综合康复联合穴位按摩。对比两组患儿临床症状恢复时间、智力发育、生长发育、神经系统后遗症发生率、神经功能和血清脑组织损伤标志物变化。结果：观察组的原始反射、肌张力、意识、可吸吮、眼部运动功能恢复时间及呼吸衰竭纠正时间均短于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预1个月后体质量、身高、摄入奶量较干预前升高,且观察组的变化大于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预1个月后精细运动、大运动、适应性、语言及社交能力较干预前升高,且观察组的变化大于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预1个月后神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、髓鞘碱性蛋白（MBP）、S100β蛋白较干预前下降,新生儿神经行为（NABA）评分较干预前升高,且观察组的变化大于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组神经系统后遗症发生率较对照组低（P<0.05）。结论：早期综合康复联合穴位按摩可促进HIE患儿智力发育、生长发育,减轻脑损伤,降低神经系统后遗症发生风险。     

马来酸桂哌齐特与腹部带蒂皮瓣对上肢烧伤组织缺损的修复效果

目的：探讨马来酸桂哌齐特联合腹部带蒂皮瓣治疗手及前臂皮肤软组织烧伤缺损的临床效果。方法：选取我院2011 年2 月 -2013 年2 月收治的68 例手及前臂皮肤软组织烧伤缺损患者作为观察组,行马来酸桂哌齐特结合腹部带蒂皮瓣治疗,另选择同 期接受股前外侧皮瓣修复治疗的50 例患者为对照组。观察并比较两组患者皮瓣修复效果以及神经功能烧伤缺损评分。结果：观 察组患者皮瓣存活率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组皮瓣感染率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05); 观察组皮瓣断蒂时间及神经功能烧伤缺损评分均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：马来酸桂哌齐特结合腹部带 蒂皮瓣治疗具有皮瓣存活率高、神经功能恢复良好,术后恢复快等特点,值得临床推广应用。     

大鼠肠易激综合征模型的建立及其评价

目的探讨腹泻型肠易激综合征（D-IBS）动物模型的建立方法,为临床治疗提供依据。方法雄性Wistar大鼠40只,随机分为IBS1（乙酸灌肠加束缚应激）组I、BS2（束缚应激）组、灌肠对照组和正常对照组,采用乙酸灌肠加束缚应激和Williams方法制作IBS动物模型,用腹壁撤退反射（AWR）评分和腹外斜肌放电活动检测对其内脏敏感性进行评估,同时进行组织学检查对肠黏膜组织的组织学改变进行评价。结果两模型组大鼠AWR评分和腹外斜肌收缩次数在不同扩张容量下均较对照组明显增加（P〈0.05）。组织学分析显示各组大鼠均无明显的炎症性表现。结论乙酸灌肠加束缚应激和Williams方法制成的IBS动物模型符合IBS的内脏敏感性机制,可用于IBS的试验研究。     

Immediate effects of co-contraction training on motor control of the trunk muscles in people with recurrent low back pain

Although deficits in the activation of abdominal muscles are present in people with low back pain (LBP), this can be modified with motor training. Training of deep abdominal muscles in isolation from the other trunk muscles, as an initial phase of training, has been shown to improve the timing of activation of the trained muscles, and reduce symptoms and recurrence of LBP. The aim of this study was to determine if training of the trunk muscles in a non-isolated manner can restore motor control of these muscles in people with LBP. Ten subjects with non-specific LBP performed a single session of training that involved three tasks: “abdominal curl up”, “side bridge” and “birdog”. Electromyographic activity (EMG) of trunk and deltoid muscles was recorded with fine-wire and surface electrodes during rapid arm movements and walking, before and immediately following the intervention. Onset of trunk muscle EMG relative to that of the prime mover (deltoid) during arm movements and the mean, standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation of abdominal muscle EMG during walking were calculated. There was no significant change in the times of onset of trunk muscle EMG during arm movements nor was there any change in the variability of EMG of the abdominal muscles during walking. However, the mean amplitude and SD of abdominal EMG was reduced during walking after training. The results of this study suggest that unlike isolated voluntary training, co-contraction training of the trunk muscles does not restore the motor control of the deep abdominal muscles in people with LBP after a single session of training.     

The pregenital abdominal musculature in phasmids and its implications for the basal phylogeny of Phasmatodea (Insecta: Polyneoptera)

Recently several conflicting hypotheses concerning the basal phylogenetic relationships within the Phasmatodea (stick and leaf insects) have emerged. In previous studies, musculature of the abdomen proved to be quite informative for identifying basal taxa among Phasmatodea and led to conclusions regarding the basal splitting events within the group. However, this character complex was not studied thoroughly for a representative number of species, and usually muscle innervation was omitted. In the present study the musculature and nerve topography of mid-abdominal segments in both sexes of seven phasmid species are described and compared in detail for the first time including all putative basal taxa, e.g. members of Timema, Agathemera, Phylliinae, Aschiphasmatinae and Heteropteryginae. The ground pattern of the muscle and nerve arrangement of mid-abdominal segments, i.e. of those not modified due to association with the thorax or genitalia, is reconstructed. In Timema, the inner ventral longitudinal muscles are present, whereas they are lost in all remaining Phasmatodea (Euphasmatodea). The ventral longitudinal muscles in the abdomen of Agathemera, which span the whole length of each segment, do not represent the plesiomorphic condition as previously assumed, but might be a result of secondary elongation of the external ventral longitudinal muscles. Sexual dimorphism, common within the Phasmatodea, also applies to the muscle arrangement in the abdomen of some species. Only in the females of Haaniella dehaanii (Heteropteryginae) and Phyllium celebicum (Phylliinae) the ventral external longitudinal muscles are elongated and span the length of the whole segment, possibly as a result of convergent evolution.     

Distinct octopamine cell population residing in the CNS abdominal ganglion controls ovulation in Drosophila melanogaster

Octopamine is an important neuroactive substance that modulates several physiological functions and behaviors of invertebrate species. Its biosynthesis involves two steps, one of which is catalyzed by Tyramine beta-hydroxylase enzyme (TBH). The Tbetah gene has been previously cloned from Drosophila melanogaster, and null mutations have been generated resulting in octopamine-less flies that show profound female sterility. Here, I show that ovulation process is defective in the mutant females resulting in blockage of mature oocytes within the ovaries. The phenotype is conditionally rescued by expressing a Tbetah cDNA under the control of a hsp70 promoter in adult females. Fertility of the mutant females is also restored when TBH is expressed, via the GAL4-UAS system, in cells of the CNS abdominal ganglion that express TBH and produce octopamine. This neuronal population differs from the dopamine- and serotonin-expressing cells indicating distinct patterns of expression and function of the three substances in the region. Finally, I demonstrate that these TBH-expressing cells project to the periphery where they innervate the ovaries and the oviducts of the reproductive system. The above results point to a neuronal focus that can synthesize and release octopamine in specific sites of the female reproductive system where the amine is required to trigger ovulation.     

The fate of specific motoneurons and sensory neurons of the pregenital abdominal segments inTenebrio molitor (Insecta : Coleoptera) during metamorphosis

The anatomy and innervation of the lateral external muscle and sensory cells located in the ventral region of pregenital abdominal segments were examined at the larval and adult stages ofTenebrio molitor (Coleoptera). All seven muscles located in this region degenerate during the pupal stage, whilst only the lateral external median (lem) appears in the adult. Backfillings of the motor nerve innervating this muscle reveal that, at both larval and adult stages, it is innervated by ten neurons. Intracellular records from the muscle fibres show that two neurons are inhibitory, and at least five are excitatory. There are also two unpaired neurons. A variety of sensory organs are located in the ventral region of the larvae, whilst only campaniform sensilla are found in the adult. At both stages, the innervation pattern of the sensory nerve branches is very similar. Also, the central projections of the sensory cells occupy similar neuropilar areas. Finally, prolonged intracellular records from the lem muscle revealed that, at the larval stage, it participates only in segmental or intersegmental reflexes, whilst in the adult it has a primary expiratory role in ventilation. The results show that extensive changes occur in the number of muscles located in the ventral region of the pregenital abdominal segments, as well as in the arrangement and number of sensory neurons, in the structure of the exoskeleton, and even in the central nervous system. In contrast, only minor changes are observed in the sensory and motor nerve branches, in the sensory projections, and in the number and the location of the motoneurons innervating the lateral external median muscle. Correspondence to: G. Theophilidis     

Immunogold labelling of serotonin-like and FMRFamide-like immunoreactive material in neurohaemal areas on abdominal nerves of Rhodnius prolixus

The ultrastructure of neurohaemal areas on abdominal nerves of the blood-sucking bug Rhodnius prolixus was investigated. Four types of axon terminals were found, distinguished by the morphology of their neurosecretory granules. By use of post-embedding immunogold labelling, granules in Type I axon terminals were shown to contain serotonin-like immunoreactive material, and granules in Type II axon terminals were shown to contain FMRFamide-like immunoreactive material. There was no colocalization of these materials. It is suggested that Type III terminals contain peptidergic diuretic hormone, which has previously been reported to be present in electron-dense neurosecretory granules in this neurohaemal area. The identity of material in Type IV terminals is unknown.     

Changes in intra-abdominal pressure, trunk muscle activation and force during isokinetic lifting and lowering

Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), force and electromyographic (EMG) activity from the abdominal (intra-muscular) and trunk extensor (surface) muscles were measured in seven male subjects during maximal and sub-maximal sagittal lifting and lowering with straight arms and legs. An isokinetic dynamometer was used to provide five constant velocities (0.12–0.96 m·s^–1) of lifting (pulling against the resistance of the motor) and lowering (resisting the downward pull of the motor). For the maximal efforts, position-specific lowering force was greater than lifting force at each respective velocity. In contrast, corresponding IAPs during lowering were less than those during lifting. Highest mean force occurred during slow lowering (1547 N at 0.24 m·s^–1) while highest IAP occurred during the fastest lifts (17.8 kPa at 0.48–0.96 m·s^–1). Among the abdominal muscles, the highest level of activity and the best correlation to variations in IAP (r=0.970 over velocities) was demonstrated by the transversus abdominis muscle. At each velocity the EMG activity of the primary trunk and hip extensors was less during lowering (eccentric muscle action) than lifting (concentric muscle action) despite higher levels of force (r between –0.896 and –0.851). Sub-maximal efforts resulted in IAP increasing linearly with increasing lifting or lowering force (r=0.918 and 0.882, respectively). However, at any given force IAP was less during lowering than lifting. This difference was negated if force and IAP were expressed relative to their respective lifting and lowering maxima. It appears that the IAP increase primarily accomplished by the activation of the transversus abdominis muscle can have the dual function of stabilising the trunk and reducing compression forces in the lumbar spine via its extensor moment. The neural mechanisms involved in sensing and regulating both IAP and trunk extensor activity in relation to the type of muscle action, velocity and effort during the maximal and sub-maximal loading tasks are unknown.     

腹针疗法治疗冠心病介入术后合并焦虑抑郁障碍患者疗效及对患者焦虑、躯体症状的影响

摘要 目的：探讨腹针疗法治疗冠心病介入术后合并焦虑抑郁障碍患者疗效及对焦虑、躯体症状的影响。方法：选择2021年8月-2022年5月在广东省中医院诊治的冠心病介入术后合并焦虑抑郁障碍患者120例作为研究对象,根据1:1平行对照原则把患者分为试验组与对照组各60例。对照组给予常规治疗,试验组在对照组治疗的基础上给予腹针疗法治疗,试验组与对照组都治疗观察4周。结果：试验组与对照组治疗后的焦虑与抑郁评分明显低于治疗前,试验组明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。试验组与对照组治疗后的心绞痛积分明显高于治疗前,试验组明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组中医症候积分较治疗前低,试验组也明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。试验组治疗期间的便秘、嗜睡、头晕、心动过速等不良反应发生率为3.3 %,对照组为21.7 %,试验组与对照组对比有明显差异（P<0.05）。结论：腹针疗法治疗冠心病介入术后合并焦虑抑郁障碍患者能促进缓解焦虑抑郁症状还可减少不良反应,改善心绞痛症状,降低中医症候积分。