不同冬季覆盖作物对稻田甲烷和氧化亚氮排放的影响

采用静态箱-气相色谱法对不同冬季覆盖作物处理［免耕直播黑麦草-双季稻(T₁)、免耕直播紫云英 双季稻(T₂)、翻耕移栽油菜-双季稻(T₃)、免耕直播油菜-双季稻(T₄)和冬闲-双季稻(CK)］下稻田甲烷（CH₄）和氧化亚氮（N₂O）排放进行观测,分析了不同冬季覆盖作物对稻田CH₄和N₂O排放的影响.结果表明：在冬季作物生长期,不同冬季覆盖作物稻田CH₄和N₂O总排放量与对照（CK）的差异均达到极显著水平（P<0.01）;T₃和T₁处理的稻田CH₄和N₂O排放量最高,其CH₄排放量分别为0.88 和0.60g·m^-2,N₂O排放量分别为0.23 和0.20 g·m^-2;冬季作物还田后,各处理早、晚稻田CH4排放量均明显高于对照.早稻田CH₄排放量最高的为T₁和T₂处理,分别达21.70和20.75 g·m^-2;晚稻田CH₄排放量最高的为T₃和T₄处理,分别为58.90和54.51 g·m^-2.各处理早、晚稻田N₂O总排放量均显著高于对照,T₁、T₂、T₃和T₄处理的早稻田N₂O总排放量分别比对照增加53.7%、12.2%、46.3%和29.3%,晚稻田分别比对照增加28.6%、3.8%、34.3%和27.6%.     

Diversity of cultivable endophytic fungi in two Rubia plants and their potential for production of anti-tumour Rubiaceae-type cyclopeptides

Rubia plants are one of the most important plant resources possessing significant commercial and medicinal values. Plant endophytes could benefit their host plants in different ways. Rubiaceae-type cyclopeptides (RAs), mainly isolated from Rubia plants, have attracted considerable attentions for their distinctive bicyclic structures and significant antitumor activities, but their contents in plants are low. The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of endophytic fungi in Rubia plants and their potential for production of RAs. In this work, 143 endophytic fungi isolates were obtained from two Rubia plants. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the ITS rDNA sequences, and the isolates were classified into 29 genera. Among them, four endophytic fungal strains were found to produce anti-tumour RAs by LC-MS/MS analysis. This work successfully provides valuable knowledges of endophytic fungi microbiome in Rubia plants for agricultural and industrial applications, and exploits a new environmental-friendly resource of RAs.     

小红参的抗癌环己肽配糖体

从小红参中分离得到１个具有抗癌活性的环己肽配糖体新成分ＲＹ－Ｉ,经化学及光谱学方法确定了其结构,证明此化合物由２个Ｌ－丙氨酸,１个Ｄ－丙氨酸,３个Ｎ－甲基－Ｌ－酪氨酸６个氨基酸经肽键缩合与１个葡萄糖构成的环己肽配糖体,６个氨基酸缩合形成十八员环,其中两个酪氨酸之间的苯环经氧桥连接又形成１个具有较大张力的十四员环。活性测试表明ＲＹ－Ｉ具有抗癌活性。此外还分离得到ＲＹ－Ｉ的甙元ＲＡ－Ｖ,也是１个抗癌活     

Quinone Derivatives from the Genus Rubia and Their Bioactivities

The extracts and phytochemicals of the genus Rubia have drawn much attention due to their potent effects; among them, naphthoquinone and cyclopeptide derivatives, with significant biological activities, have great potential to be developed to new drugs. This review updates and compiles a total of 142 quinone derivatives including anthraquinone and naphthoquinone derivatives, occuring in twelve Rubia species. These compounds were listed together with their sources, melting points, bioactivities, as well as 112 corresponding references. Furthermore, the structure? activity relationships of these quinone derivatives were discussed.     

广西平果县喀斯特山地蚬木生存群落物种多样性与环境的关系

基于野外调查和室内实验数据,采取主成分分析和典型相关分析相结合的方法,分析了广西平果县喀斯特山地蚬木(Excentrodendron hsienmu)生存群落物种多样性与土壤养分和地形因子间的关系。结果表明:群落各层的物种数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数表现为乔木层灌木层草本层。主成分分析的前3个主成分解释了总变异的78.8%,第一主成分的特征值为5.29,方差贡献率为44.0%,主要反映了土壤养分的综合信息。典型相关分析显示乔木层多样性能敏感指示土壤养分变化,与土壤全磷间呈负相关、与全氮间呈正相关;灌木层物种多样性对地形变化更为敏感,与坡位和海拔间均表现为正相关关系;土壤与地形因子间存在较为密切的耦合关系,土壤全磷与坡位间呈正相关、土壤pH与岩石裸露率间呈负相关。     

甜菜夜蛾对氰戊菊酯和顺式氯氰菊酯的抗性机理

通过对活体增效作用进行测定和生化分析,探讨了甜菜夜蛾对氰戊菊酯和顺式氯氰菊酯的抗性机理.结果表明:增效醚(PBO)、增效磷(SV1)、磷酸三苯酯(TPP)和顺丁烯二酸二乙酯(DEM)对甜菜夜蛾抗氰戊菊酯品系(Fen-R)和敏感品系(S)的增效倍数之比分别为10.2、7.8、12.5和1.1,对抗顺式氯氰菊酯品系(Cyp-R)和敏感品系(S)的增效倍数之比分别为21.6、15.5、8.6和1.2.PBO、SV1和TPP对氰戊菊酯和顺式氯氰菊酯均有显著增效作用,表明多功能氧化酶和羧酸酯酶均参与了甜菜夜蛾对氰戊菊酯和顺式氯氰菊酯的抗性.Fen-R品系和Cyp-R品系4龄幼虫羧酸酯酶的活性分别是S品系的1.9和2.2倍,而谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶活性与S品系差异不显著,表明羧酸酯酶活性的提高是甜菜夜蛾对氰戊菊酯和顺式氯氰菊酯产生抗性的重要原因,谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶与两种药剂的抗性无关.Fen-R品系和Cyp-R品系的Na-K-ATPase活性与S品系均无显著差异,但在相同浓度下氰戊菊酯和顺式氯氰菊酯对S品系Na-K-ATPase的抑制作用显著高于抗性品系,表明抗性品系Na-K-ATPase对杀虫剂的敏感性已明显降低.