稀有ju鲫-一种新的鱼类毒性试验材料

本文研究了稀有ju鲫(Gobiocypris rarus) 作为毒性试验材料的可行性。采用换水式试验，在硬度为200 mg/L (以CaCO[3]计)、pH7.8±0.2、温度24-25℃条件下研究了铬、铜、锌和五氯酚(PCP)对稀有ju鲫的急性毒性。重铬酸钾对2日龄稀有ju鲫的24 h和96 h和LC[50]控制范围分别263.6-334.7和115.3-178.5 mg/L (n=8)。铬、铜、锌和五氯酚对2日龄稀有ju鲫的急性毒性值(96 h LC[50])范围，从铜的52.2 μg/L到铬的52000 μg/L，毒性大小的顺序是铜>五氯酚>锌>铬。研究结果表明，稀有ju鲫有可能发展成为一种较为理想的毒性试验材料。     

Functional and structural alterations induced by copper in xanthine oxidase

Xanthine oxidase （XO）, a key enzyme in purine metabolism, produces reactive oxygen species causing vascular injuries and chronic heart failure. Here, copper＇s ability to alter XO activity and structure was investigated in vitro after pre-incubation of the enzyme with increasing Cue＋ concentrations for various periods of time. The enzymatic activity was measured by following XO-catalyzed xanthine oxidation to uric acid under steady-state kinetics conditions. Structural alterations were assessed by electronic absorption, fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Results showed that Cu^2＋ either stimulated or inhibited XO activity, depending on metal concentration and preincubation length, the latter also determining the inhibition type. Cu^2＋-xo complex formation was characterized by modifications in XO electronic absorption bands, intrinsic fluorescence, and α-helical and β-sheet content. Apparent dissociation constant values implied high- and low-affinity Cu^2＋ binding sites in the vicinity of the enzyme＇s reactive centers. Data indicated that Cu^2＋ binding to high-affinity sites caused alterations around XO molybdenum and flavin adenine dinucleotide centers, changes in secondary structure, and moderate activity inhibition; binding to low affinity sites caused alterations around all XO reactive centers including FeS, changes in tertiary structure as reflected by alterations in spectral properties, and drastic activity inhibition. Stimulation was attributed to transient stabilization of XO optimal conformation. Results also emphasized the potential role of copper in the regulation of XO activity stemming from its binding properties.     

The octarepeat region of hamster PrP （PrP51-91） enhances the formation of microtubule and antagonize Cu^2＋-induced microtubule-disrupting activity

Prion protein （PrP） is considered to associate with microtubule and its major component, tubulin. In the present study, octarepeat region of PrP （PrP51-91） was expressed in prokaryotic-expressing system. Using GST pull-down assay and co-immunoprecipitation, the molecular interaction between PrP51-91 and tubulin was observed. Our data also demonstrated that PrP51-91 could efficiently stimulate microtubule assembly in vitro, indicating a potential effect of PrP on microtubule dynamics. Moreover, PrP51-91 was confirmed to be able to antagonize Cu^2＋-induced microtubule-disrupting activity in vivo, partially protecting against Cu^2＋- intoxication to culture cells and stabilize cellular microtubule structure. The association of the octarepeat region of PrP with tubufin may further provide insight into the biological function of PrP in the neurons.     

铜砷复合剂的应用试验

铜砷复合剂(AC、YC)具有氨溶砷酸铜(ACA)的主要特点和优点,但在原料配比、剂型和配制工艺以及使用对象、使用方法等方面,另有其独到的特点。运用AC、YC喷洒建筑物的基脚、涂刷木构件、铺设毒土,预防白蚁危害效果达100％,且预防期长达26年。     

天然高分子吸附剂研究Ⅲ.改性壳聚糖的制备及其特性

以一缩二乙二醇双环氧丙基醚为交联剂,合成了以壳聚糖为母体的凝胶型螯合树脂,并研究了其对金属离子Cu(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)的吸附性能。结果表明,该树脂能在Cu(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)三种离子共存时,选择吸附Cu(Ⅱ)离子,其选择性系数分别为KCu(Ⅱ)/Ni(Ⅱ)=6.28和KCu(Ⅱ)/Co(Ⅱ)=4.23。     

造化万千的高黎贡山

高黎贡山位于云南省的西部,面积约280万公顷。全区地处喜马拉雅东部南延地段,系横断山区著名的高黎贡山、碧罗雪山、云岭山三大山系的西支;是伊洛瓦底江和萨尔温江(怒江)的分水岭。高黎贡山地区总体呈南北宽、中部窄;地势南北走向,北高南低。中段和北段,山体高耸狭长,最窄处少于20公里;南段及延伸区较低缓宽阔,除少数余脉外,多为散布的丘陵山地和星罗棋布的低热河坝区。     

喷施铜和硼肥对忍冬生理生化及其茎藤指标成分的影响

以4年生忍冬为试验材料，采用盆栽和叶面喷施方式，设置不同质量浓度的铜肥(10，30，50 mg/L Cu²⁺，分别表示为Cu₁₀、Cu₃₀、Cu₅₀)和硼肥(20，40，60 mg/L B₄O^2-₇，分别表示为B₂₀、B₄₀、B₆₀)及其配施组合处理，测定忍冬叶片的光合参数以及茎藤的营养物质、药效成分含量、矿质离子含量，探究施铜和硼肥对忍冬光合生理、营养物质、矿质离子及其茎藤品质的影响，为优化忍冬栽培技术和提高其药材品质提供理论参考。结果表明：(1)喷施一定质量浓度的铜硼肥有助于提高忍冬叶片的净光合速率，尤以B₄₀Cu₅₀配施处理最佳；适宜质量浓度的铜硼肥有利于增加总叶绿素含量，高质量浓度的铜硼肥则起抑制作用。(2)配施铜硼肥对忍冬藤中营养物质及药效成分含量的影响比单施铜、硼肥更显著，其中B₄₀Cu₅₀处理可显著提高忍冬藤中可溶性蛋白、淀粉、还原糖含量，B₂₀Cu₁₀处理可显著提高可溶性糖含量；有利于忍冬藤中绿原酸和马钱苷积累的最佳配施处理分别是B₆₀Cu₅₀和B20Cu₃₀。(3)喷施铜硼肥对忍冬藤矿质离子的含量也具有显著的影响，单施与配施铜硼肥处理忍冬藤矿质离子含量均有增加，且配施铜硼肥比单施铜硼肥增加效果显著，尤以B₂₀Cu₁₀、B₂₀Cu₃₀、B₂₀Cu₅₀处理最佳。综合考虑，B₄₀Cu₅₀配施处理可有效增加忍冬藤的营养与药用指标成分含量，是忍冬叶面喷施铜和硼肥的最佳比例。     

杨树重金属相关异戊二烯化植物蛋白(HIPPs)基因的鉴定及表达分析

金属伴侣在植物的生理活动中发挥关键作用，负责结合金属离子并将其转运至靶蛋白以维持细胞的金属离子稳态。目前关于HIPP （heavy metal-associated isoprenylated plant protein）金属伴侣蛋白的特性和功能分析多集中于模式植物拟南芥。本研究在毛果杨（Populus trichocarpa）中鉴定了14个PtHIPPs蛋白，均具有两个保守的金属离子结合基序MXCXXC，氨基末端可以形成βαββαβ二级结构，羧基末端具有保守的异戊二烯化基序；一些PtHIPPs还具有赖氨酸和/或甘氨酸富集区。根据基因结构、蛋白质的保守基序和进化树分析，PtHIPPs蛋白可分为3个亚组。PlantGenIE的组织特异性表达数据及荧光定量PCR鉴定结果显示，毛果杨PtHIPPs基因及小黑杨（Populus simonii×Populus nigra）PnHIPPs基因具有特定的组织表达特异性且存在差异。此外，利用缺铜及过量铜离子处理小黑杨植株不同时间后，不同组织部位中PnHIPPs基因的表达模式发生改变。本研究为鉴定木本模式植物杨树HIPPs蛋白在维持铜离子稳态过程中发挥的作用提供了参考依据。