北大找到SARS病毒攻击中枢神经细胞的直接证据

北京大学基础医学院首次披露：通过大量的试验研究。首次找到了SARS冠状病毒攻击中枢神经细胞的直接证据。在SARS流行期间。部分SARS病人经常会出现一系列的精神症     

Can an Invasive Prey Species Induce Morphological and Behavioral Changes in an Endemic Predator？ Evidence from a South Korean Snake （Oocatochus rufodorsatus）

Introduction of an invasive prey species into an ecosystem may affect an endemic predator＇s fitness by altering the prey-predator system. Successful adaptation may allow the endemic predator to eat and control the invasive species, while unsuccessful adaptation may result in extinction of the predator. We examine the possible effects of the invasive North American bullfrog （Rana [Lithobates] catesbeiana） on the endemic Red-backed rat snake （Oocatochus rufodorsatus） in South Korea. We do so by comparing the morphology and behavior of adult and hatchling snakes from bullfrog-exposed （Taean） and bullfrog-unexposed （Hongcheon） populations. Among the seven morphological characteristics investigated, relative tail length （tail length/snout-vent length） of both adults and hatchlings from Taean was significantly greater than that of adults and hatchlings from Hongcheon. Also, adult snakes from Taean had a signiifcantly shorter latency of ifrst tongue lfick in response to prey compared to adults from Hongcheon. This difference was not observed in hatchlings. In other snake species, a longer relative tail length and shorter latency of ifrst tongue lfick are known to improve foraging efifciency, and these characters may be adaptations ofO. rufodorsatus to prey on bullfrogs. This study provides preliminary evidence that the presence of an invasive prey species may cause morphological and behavioral changes in an endemic predator.     

本地种云南柳与外来种旱柳（杨柳科）的同倍体自然杂交?

对分布于云南的旱柳( Salix matsudana)和云南柳( Salix cavaleriei)之间的一个自然杂交种进行了研究。野外观察表明疑似杂交种异蕊柳( Salix × heteromera)形态上介于旱柳和云南柳之间,并得到了基于叶形态特征的主成份分析的印证。核基因ITS序列数据表明这三个种存在ITS序列的种内和个体内的多态性,且疑似杂交种的ITS序列的基因型总是疑似亲本的嵌合体。因此可以判定异蕊柳是旱柳和云南柳的自然杂交后代。流式细胞分析表明这三个种均为四倍体,因而,本杂交事件为同倍体杂交。基于四个叶绿体序列片段的数据表明本自然杂交事件是不对称的,云南柳是异蕊柳的母本。常见外来种旱柳与稀有本地种云南柳的杂交可能导致稀有种云南柳的濒危甚至灭绝。研究表明柳属植物的引种应非常谨慎。     

Phylogenetic origin of Beckmannia （Poaceae） inferred from molecular evidence

The phylogenetic origin of Beckmannia remains unknown. The genus has been placed within the Chlorideae, Aveneae （Agrostideae）, Poeae, or treated as an isolate lineage, Beckmanniinae. In the present study, we used nuclear internal transcribed spacer （ITS） and chloroplast trnL-F sequences to examine the phylogenetic relationship between Beckmannia and those genera that have assumed to be related. On the basis of the results of our studies, the following conclusions could be drawn： （i） Beckmannia and Alopecurus are sister groups with high support; and （ii） Beckmannia and Alopecurus are nested in the Poeae clade with high support. The results of our analysis suggest that Beckmannia should be placed in Poeae.     

宽恕的生理及神经机制研究进展

宽恕作为人类所独有一种美德,对人们来说并不陌生,但对于宽恕的系统研究却仅始于上个世纪80、90年代。本文采用文献法着重从生理心理、神经证据等方面对宽恕认知神经科学方面的研究进行了梳理和整合,最后对该研究领域未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

Evidences of Hfq associates with tryptophanase and affects extracellular indole levels

In this study, we observed a novel property of Escherichia coli Hfq protein： it possibly influenced extracellular indole levels. The extracellular indole concentrations were increased in Hfq mutant cells and decreased in Hfq overexpression cells in a cell densitydependent manner. The decreased extracellular indole levels in Hfq overexpression cells caused the postponement of entering into stationary phase. Indole was produced by tryptophanase, the gene product of tnaA, which catalyzed tryptophan into indole, ammonia and pyruvate. Further studies showed that at cell density of 0.8 but not at 0.4, tryptophanase activities of total cell extracts were affected by Hfq mutation or overexpression. Protein puff-down assay and co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that Hfq associated with tryptophanase under relatively higher extracellular indole levels, suggesting this was a feedback control of indole production. The association of Hfq and tryptophanase might be indirect because purified Hfq could not affect the values of Km and Vmax of purified tryptophanase.     

基于证据权重法的丹顶鹤栖息地适宜性评价

采用证据权重法对扎龙丹顶鹤栖息地适宜性进行评价.利用RS和GIS的空间分析功能,分别提取土地利用、植被、铁路、国道及居民点的信息,建立证据专题层,确定相应证据层的权重值,然后进行条件独立性检验,最后生成后验概率图.利用证据权重法可以客观定量地评价栖息地适宜性,同样,一个客观的栖息地适宜性评价模型可以评估生物多样性价值,管理和保护湿地,为决策者保护珍贵的栖息环境提供智力支持.     

陆生动物植食性起源：节肢动物取食植物组织的最初模式

研究节肢动物食性的一个有效途径即是研究相关的破损植物化石。通过对早期植物化石的统计分析，有关陆生节肢动物植食性习性的早期化石证据主要集中在2个地质年代大量出现。第一阶段在晚志留世到早泥盆世（4．17～4．03亿年），这一时期发现了很多有被取食痕迹的植物孢子、茎化石等。节肢动物对这些植物组织取食习性的演化非常迅速，因为类似植物化石的发现仅比破损植物化石的出现早了400万年。距离第一次植食性化石证据集中出现的8000万年后，即晚古生代又有了一次该类型化石大暴发式的出现（第二阶段）。这批化石表明，此时植物被取食的部位已经扩大到根部、叶子、树干、种子等。这一阶段最早的化石集中出现在晚密西西比世到中宾夕法尼亚世（3．27～3．09亿年）。     

高山栎组化石——喜马拉雅山隆升的证据

巍峨的青藏高原,雄踞于地球之巅,这片既古老而又年轻的大地,以其独特的地理景观,丰富的自然资源和悠久的地域文化,曾召唤着来自不同国度和年龄段的科学工作者致力于以“青藏高原的隆起及其对自然环境和人类活动的影响”为主题的科学研究。他(她)们在这片惊险而又充满神秘色彩的雪域高原的崎岖山路上,留下了其足迹,取得的研究成果,为青藏高原综合研究的主题增添了耐人寻味的古生物学证据。翻开亚洲新生代地质历史,喜马拉雅山的上升被认为是最重要的地质事件。由于这条东西长2400余km,南北宽200~350km的山峦重迭、群峰林立的山系隆起,不仅制约…