书讯

郑光美院士主编的《中国鸟类分类与分布名录》已于2005年5月由科学出版社出版。该书是作者继《世界鸟类分类与分布名录》后,收入“华夏英才基金学术文库”的又一部巨著,是一部研究中国鸟类分类系统以及种和种下分类与分布的专著。参考鸟类分类学研究的最新进展,全书共收录中国鸟类1331种（2260种及亚种）,隶属于24目、101科、429属。书中给出每个种的中文名和英文名,以及种和亚种的拉丁学名、分布区（包括动物地理亚区和省级行政区）。为便于国际交流,书中亦列出了分布区的英文名。本书还认真核定了中国特有种鸟类,列出71种中国特有鸟名录。书中附有参考文献以及拉丁学名、英文名和中文名索引,以及中国动物地理区划图和行政区划图,以便读者检索和查阅。     

"东亚现代人史前迁徙的遗传学研究"取得新进展

东亚现代人的史前迁徙一直是人类学界颇多争议的问题之一。以前的遗传学研究揭示了东亚南方和北方人群在遗传背景上存在一定的差异,但如何解释这种遗传差异以及它同东亚现代人史前迁徙路线的关系是大家争论的焦点。     

人新基因hbrp的染色体定位及其对TPK活性的抑制作用（简报）

hbrp(Human BSP-Related Protein)是我们实验室最近在睾丸组织中克隆的一个人与BSP（bovine seminal plasma)蛋白相关的新基因。为了将有关该新基因信息与现有人类基因组转录图相整合,我们应用荧光原位杂交(fluorescent in situ hybridizationFISH)法进行了该基因的人染色体基因定位,结果成功地将hbrp基因定位在人19号染色体长臂1区3带上。hbrp基因是在对BSP蛋白功能的研究过程中发现并克隆的,其同源性分析发现,与其序列最相近     

中国人胃癌染色体17q21区域基因遗传不稳定性研究

To investigate microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of locus D17S396, D17S579 and D17S855, and their effect on the expression of nm23H1 and BRCA1 of gastric cancer, which would provide experimental basis for clinical treatment and prognosis analysis of gastric cancer. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded materials. Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) was used to analyze MSI and LOH. Expression of nm23H, and BRCA1 was detected by Envision immuno-histochemistry and Leica-Qwin computer imaging techniques. In the forty cases of gastric cancer, the frequency of MSI, LOH and nm23H1 protein were 20.00%, 17.50% and 55.00% respectively at locus D17S396, while at locus D17S579, the frequency of MSI, LOH and BRCA1 protein were 22.50%, 15.00% and 37.50% respectively; at locus D17S855, the frequency of MSI, LOH and BRCA1 of thirty-seven cases were 18.92%, 18.92%, 37.84% respectively. In tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging, at locus D17S396, D17S579 and D17S855, MSI in stages I + II appeared more frequently than that in stages III + IV, while LOH appeared the contrary tendency. In the group of metastasis of gastric cancer, MSI had a less frequency (5.00%) than that with no metastasis (35.00%, P < 0.05) at locus D17S396, but LOH appeared more frequently (30.00%) than that with no metastasis (5.00%, P < 0.05). At locus D17S579, MSI had an increasing tendency with the degree of tumor differentiation (50.00% in high differentiation cases, 20.00% in middle differentiation cases, and 0% in low differentiation cases, P < 0.05). The frequency of nm23H1 and BRCA1 protein in stages TNM I + II was higher than that in stages TNM III + IV; and that in higher differentiation cases was higher than in poor differentiation cases. The frequency of nm23H1 protein in the group of metastasis (30.00%) was less than that with no metastasis significantly (80.00%, P<0.01). The frequency of nm23H1 protein in the group positive to MSI (87.50%) was higher than that in the group negative to MSI (46.88%, P < 0.05). However, nm23H1 protein in group positive to LOH (14.29%) was lower than that in the group negative to LOH (63.64%, P < 0.05). The frequency of BRCA1 protein in the group positive to MSI (66.67%) was more than that in the group negative to MSI (29.03%, P < 0.05). The results of experiments indicate that MSI and LOH may separately control the development of sporadic colon cancer with different pathways. MSI may be an early period molecule marker for sporadic colon cancer, enhanced expression of nm23H1 protein can effectively inhibit colon cancer metastasis and improve prognosis of sporadic colon cancer patients. By comparison, LOH mostly arises in the late period of sporadic colon cancer and endows a high aggressive and poor prognostic phenotype. nm23H1 protein could effectively restrain gastric cancer metastasis and development; and BRCA1 protein could restain tumor from becoming lower differentiation.     

第五届海峡两岸细胞生物学研讨会即将在福建召开

海峡两岸细胞生物学研讨会是由中国科学院姚龛院士与台湾国家卫生研究院吴成文院长于1996年组织发起的双边学术会议,已召开了四届。目的是为了交流两岸细胞生物学研究的最新成果,进一步促进海峡两岸生物学科技教育的合作与发展。会议秉着促进两岸科学家交流与合作,学术自由的原则,参会双方均以科学家身份参加。会议每两年召开一次,由台湾、大陆轮流组织召开。     

Nikon显微镜新产品介绍

为适应科研领域对显微镜技术日益增加的需求,Nikon公司近期推出了一系列显微镜新产品。这些产品针对科研领域的热点(比如活细胞研究)作了大量技术改进,使整个显微系统性能得到有效提高。新产品主要包括：Clsi光谱式激光共聚焦显微镜,90i／80i新型显微镜,TIRF／W-TIRF全反射荧光显微镜,PA-GFP模块,PFS完美调焦系统。     

随机扩增多态性DNA原理及其在动物研究中的应用

RAPD(随机扩增多态性DNA)技术是一项应用日益广泛的遗传标记技术。与PCR和RFLP相比,该技术具有简便、快速、准确以及成本相对较低等特点,已成为众多分子标记技术中走向普及的先锋技术。阐述了RAPD的原理和方法,综述了RAPD目前在动物研究中的应用进展,并对RAPD技术应用前景作进一步阐述。     

“垃圾DNA”加速人类大脑进化

在基因水平上很难对一个人和一只黑猩猩作出判断。但是在对两者的大脑和行为进行对比后,就会发现差别是显而易见的。中国研究人员发现,一种与大脑发育有关的重要基因的进化或许将有助于解释这一区别。     

单粒干燥大豆种子基因组DNA提取的有效方法

大豆基因组DNA的提取是进行大豆分子生物学研究的基础.以大豆干燥的种子为材料,将SDS法和CTAB法结合在一起并进行了一定的改进,有效的提取了基因组DNA.通过电泳、紫外分光光度计检测和ISSR标记分析验证这种方法是提取大豆干种子基因组DNA的有效方法.     

继承发展:摩尔根创立新遗传理论

在介绍摩尔根成长经历的基础上,探索了其创立基因学说的过程,总结了摩尔根的成功经验,对于未来生物学研究具有积极作用。