黑麦染色体银染的初步研究

本文对黑麦染色体的银染条件进行了探索,并对黑麦染色体上银染正反应分布区进行了研究。首次发现黑麦染色体的核仁组成中心区、着丝点和端粒均能用硝酸银染色。对此现象的原因进行了讨论。     

牡丹染色体的Ag-NORs和Giemsa C带的研究

本文首次报道了紫斑牡丹和栽培牡丹5个重要品种的Ag-NORs和Giemsa C带带型。所有材料的核型组成均为2n=2x=10=6m+2sm+2st。多数材料具6个Ag-NORs,但在染色体上的分布位点不同。C带的差别主要表现在第1、2、3对染色体上。以上两种核学特征,具有品种的特异性。分带所显示的端(T)带和Ag-NORs的数目及分布基本一致。牡丹染色体的端带,本质上是N带;常规染色所显示的所谓随体,实际上是瑞部核仁组成区(NORs)。此外,对牡丹的细胞学研究技术进行了讨论。     

人核仁磷酸化蛋白1(NOLC1)影响禽流感病毒感染过程研究进展

禽流感是由A型流感病毒引起的家禽类传染病,能够引发从呼吸系统病变到全身性败血症等多种症状。禽流感病毒的传播给养殖业带来巨大经济损失,同时对人类健康也造成威胁。研究表明,禽流感病毒非结构蛋白NS1通过与宿主细胞内多种蛋白相互作用影响了病毒的感染进程,人核仁磷酸化蛋白即是其中之一,该蛋白参与核仁组装、细胞生长发育及肿瘤发生等过程,还能与禽流感病毒的非结构蛋白NS1发生相互作用,影响禽流感病毒感染过程。本文对NOLC1蛋白的结构、功能及如何影响禽流感病毒的感染等相关研究进展进行综述。     

油用向日葵主要农艺性状的遗传效应及相关性研究

根据加性-显性与环境互作的遗传模型,对6个油用向日葵自交系及其配制的9个杂交组合在2个环境下的7个农艺性状表现进行遗传分析,揭示油用向日葵主要农艺性状遗传性质、规律以及主要农艺性状对含油率的贡献率。结果表明:株高、茎粗、盘径、百粒重、籽仁率和单盘粒重等6个遗传性状主要受加性和显性共同控制,结实率的遗传以加性、显性×环境互作效应为主,籽仁率、单盘粒重以加性、显性、显性×环境互作效应为主;性状间的各项遗传相关性多以加性遗传相关为主。百粒重的净效应对籽实含油率的加性遗传方差贡献率最高,结实率的净效应对籽实含油率的显性遗传方差贡献率最高,单盘粒重对籽实含油率的加性×环境互作遗传方差的贡献率最高。     

利用显性负模型研究整合素β3胞浆段RGT序列对信号转导的调控机制

该研究探讨整合素β3胞浆段RGT序列在整合素信号转导中的作用。利用IL-2R胞外段和跨膜段（Tac）与整合素β3胞浆段全长或截短序列构建Tac-β3嵌合体,即Tac-β3和Tac-β3Δ759,使其分别在表达GPIbIX、整合素αIIbβ3的CHO细胞株（IbIX/IIbIIIa-CHO细胞株）中稳定表达（即IbIX/IIbIIIa-CHO/Tac-β3、IbIX/IIbIIIa-CHO/Tac-β3Δ759细胞株）。利用竞争酶联免疫法对Tac-β3嵌合体进行定量,观察IbIX/IIbIIIa-CHO/Tac-β3、IbIX/IIbIIIa-CHO/Tac-β3Δ759细胞株在固相化纤维蛋白原上的伸展情况（代表外向内的信号转导）;Co-IP研究Tac-β3嵌合体、β3与下游信号分子Src的结合情况。结果发现：竞争酶联免疫法证实了两个细胞株的Tac-β3嵌合体表达都高于野生型β3,保证了Tac-β3嵌合体对内源性β3在结合胞内分子中的显性负效应;IbIX/IIbIIIa-CHO/Tac-β3细胞株在固相化纤维蛋白原上的黏附伸展能力受到抑制,而IbIX/IIbIIIa-CHO/Tac-β3Δ759细胞株在固相化纤维蛋白原上的黏附伸展能力并未受到明显影响。Co-IP结果显示：Tac-β3能结合内源性Src,而胞浆段RGT序列缺失的Tac-β3Δ759则不与内源性Src结合。选择性地破坏Tac-β3的Src结合能力即足以去除其对外向内信号转导的显性负效应,从而表明：整合素β3尾端RGT序列与Src的相互作用在这一信号转导通路中起决定性的作用。     

对两个概率计算问题的分析

在概率计算中经常遇到这样一类问题:双亲为杂合子,产生了1个显性性状的个体,如果这一个体再与另一显性性状的个体交配,求所得后代的表现型概率。针对这一问题,在计算中可能会出现各种错误,下面对其进行具体讨论。例1 某种常染色体上的隐性遗传病在人群中的发病率为1／2 500。有1对夫妇均正常,其中一方的母亲是该病患者,请问,这对夫妇的子女患该种遗传病的可能性有多大?     

单基因遗传病的种类判断和概率计算

单基因遗传病(简称单基因病)是指受1对等位基因控制的遗传病,它可以分为5类:Y染色体遗传病,X 染色体上的显性遗传病,X染色体上的隐性遗传病,常染色体上的显性遗传病,常染色体上的隐性遗传病。这5类单基因病的判断及其相关概率的计算是遗传和变异这一章的重点,亦是难点所在。现总结一些规律供参考。     

Midkine, a cytokine that inhibits HIV infection by binding to the cell surface expressed nucleolin

The growth factor midkine （MK） is a cytokine that inhibits HIV infection in cell cultures in an autocrine and paracrine manner by blocking the attachment of HIV particles to permissive cells. MK mRNA is systematically expressed in adult peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy donors, while its expression becomes markedly but transiently increased upon in vitro treatment of lymphocytes with IL-2 or IFN-7 and activation of T lymphocytes by PHA or through the engagement of the CD28 antigen. The binding of MK to cells occurs specifically at a high and a low affinity binding site. This low affinity-binding site is the cell-surface expressed nucleolin, which is implicated in the mechanism of the initial attachment of HIV particles to cells. Accordingly, the nucleolin-binding HB-19 pseudopeptide has no effect on the MK binding to the high affinity binding site, whereas it prevents the binding of MK to the low affinity binding site, thus suggesting the low affinity receptor of MK is the cell-surface-expressed nucleolin. Confocal immunofluorescence laser microscopy revealed the colocalization of MK and the cell-surface-expressed nucleolin at distinct spots. The use of various deletion constructs of nucleolin then indicates that the extreme C-terminal end of nucleolin, containing repeats of the amino acid motif RGG, as the domain that binds MK. The specific binding of MK to the surface nucleolin is independent of heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. After binding to cells, MK enters cells by an active process in which nucleolin and lipid rafts appear to be implicated. The potent and the distinct anti-HIV action of MK along with its enhanced expression in lymphocytes by various physiological stimuli, point out that MK is a cytokine that could be involved in HIV pathogenesis.     

The nucleolus： reviewing oldies to have new understandings

The nucleolus is the most prominent compartment in the nucleus and known as the site for ribosome biogenesis ineucaryotes.In contrast,there is no such equivalent structure for ribosome synthesis in procaryotes.This raises twoconcerns that how does the nucleolus evolve and that whether the nucleolus remains playing a single role in ribosomebiogenesis along the evolution.Increasing data support new nucleolus functions,including signal recognition particleassembly,small RNA modification,telomerase maturation,cell-cycle and aging control,and cell stress sensor.Multiplefunctions of the nucleolus possibly result from the plurifunctionality of nucleolar proteins,such as nucleolin and Nopp 140.Proteomic analyses of human and Arabidopsis nucleolus lead a remarkable progress in understanding the evolution andnew functions of nucleoli.In this review,we present a brief history of nucleolus research and new concepts and unre-solved questions.Also,we introduce hepatitis D virus for studying the communication between the nucleolus and othersubnuclear compartments,and Caenorhabditis elegans for the role of nucleolus in the development and the epistaticcontrol of nucleologenesis.     

核仁小RNA源性小RNA

最新研究结果表明,一些与RNA介导基因沉默相关的小RNA由核仁小RNA(small nucleolar RNA,snoRNA)加工产生,这种小RNA被称为核仁小RNA源性小RNA(snoRNA derived small RNA,sdRNA)。sdRNA现象分布物种广;涉及的snoRNA种类全,数量多;产生的小RNA分子大小不一、数量、种类多。表明这种小RNA在生物中存在着广泛的普遍性。sdRNA的发现拓展了snoRNA的功能,揭示了snoRNA与RNA介导的基因沉默之间的紧密关系,增强了snoRNA在RNA调控网络中的重要性,并为进一步研究RNA调控网络开启了一扇门。