带Tat标记质粒载体的构建及其转导融合蛋白进入细胞的研究

采用点突变技术构建了带 6×His、Tat和Flag多个标记的pET HTF的质粒载体 ,利用基因重组技术构建pET HTF EGFP融合蛋白载体 .酶切和DNA测序证明 ,所构建的pET HTF和pET HTF EGFP载体正确 .BL2 1(DE3)表达融合蛋白 ,用Ni2 + 分离柱纯化His Tat Flag EGFP蛋白 ,并加入培养的NIH3T3细胞 .荧光显微镜观察显示 ,His Tat Flag EGFP融合蛋白进入细胞 .带His、Tat和Flag标记的质粒载体pET 14b HTF表达的融合蛋白能够进入细胞 ,该载体为进行蛋白质功能研究和基因治疗研究提供了一个重要工具     

TAT蛋白介导外源物质进入细胞的作用机制探讨

来源于人类免疫缺陷病毒HIV-1的反式激活因子(trans-activator,TAT)蛋白能够有效的介导多肽、蛋白质、基因以及一些其它的物质进入细胞。它以低亲和力与细胞上的受体相结合,通过破坏细胞质膜,以非内吞途径转导外源物质进入细胞内部。     

机械振荡对猕猴桃愈伤组织ATP含量的影响

采用不同频率的往复机械振荡,以木质藤本植物中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis)茎段的愈伤组织为实验材料,测定．ATP含量的变化,并通过与对照组(CK)相应值的比较,研究振荡刺激对植物能量代谢的影响。结果表明,机械振荡对猕猴桃愈伤组织ATP的含量有着比较明显的增强或抑制的双重效应,适度的振荡刺激将有利于提高植物的能量代谢水平,促进植物的生长发育,其中最适的振荡频率为3Hz左右。还从细胞和分子生物学的角度对环境应力影响植物能量代谢的可能机理进行了探讨。     

机械通气患儿气管导管表面细菌生物膜形成及病原分析

目的观察儿科重症监护病房（PICU）机械通气（mechanical ventilation,MV）患儿气管导管（endotraeheal tube,mr）表面细菌生物膜（biofilm,BF）内细菌分布情况及BF形态学特征。方法以我院治疗的35例MV患儿为研究对象。收集第1次拔除或更换的ETT,经碘化丙啶（PI）和异硫氰酸荧光索标记刀豆蛋白A（FITC-ConA）染色后,激光共聚焦显微镜观察ETT-BF内细菌及胞外多糖（EPS）分布情况,并收集ETT表面和下呼吸道分泌物进行细菌分离、培养和鉴定。结果（1）35例MV患儿中,E1-r表面细菌培养阳性31例（88．57％）;17例EIT表面和下呼吸道分泌物同时分离出相同菌种,占ETT培养阳性的54．83％。在EIT-BF和下呼吸道分泌物中以金黄色葡萄球菌,肺炎克雷伯菌,大肠埃希菌,阴沟肠杆菌最常见。（2）CLSM观察可见,气管插管12h后,ETT-11表面已出现细菌黏附;48h时ETT表面可见大量短棒状或球状细菌黏附聚集,EPS较12h时显著增多,初步形成BF结构;72h左右细菌粘连成团块状,被EPS包裹,可见成熟BF结构形成;7d后细菌粘连成大片状,在其周围可见散在的微菌落。（3）35例MV患儿中,19例发生了呼吸机相关性肺炎（ventilated—associated pneumonia,VAP）。其中经口插管10例,经鼻插管9例。结论MV时细菌极易在ETT表面黏附,形成细菌BF。ETF表面细菌定植及BF形成与长时间MV患儿伴发呼吸机相关性肺炎之间可能存在一定相关性。     

机械损伤对拟南芥莲座叶芥子油苷含量和组成的影响

植物可以利用体内次生代谢产物的变化来抵御昆虫取食和机械损伤.芥子油苷是拟南芥的主要次生代谢产物.通过剪刀剪取叶片(40%面积)对温室培养的拟南芥幼苗莲座叶进行机械损伤处理,观察机械损伤后8个时间点拟南芥叶片中不同种类芥子油苷含量和组合模式的变化.结果表明机械损伤后3 h叶片中芥子油苷总含量开始明显上升,脂肪族和吲哚族芥子油苷含量在损伤后3 h也都显著高于损伤前.在检测到的12种芥子油苷中,4-甲基亚磺酰丁基芥子油苷(4-methylsulphinylbutyl GS,4MSOB)的含量最多,占芥子油苷总量的48.5%,并且在损伤3 h后含量增加.4MSOB含量的变化成为影响莲座叶中芥子油苷组合模式的主导因素.其它各种芥子油苷在损伤后不同时间点的变化也存在差异.     

应用原子力显微镜分析正常淋巴细胞和Jurkat细胞的形态和机械性质

淋巴细胞形态和机械性质的变化与人的健康、疾病的治疗和诊断有着密切关系。本研究利用原子力显微镜研究淋巴细胞和Jurkat细胞形态和机械性质。结果显示,这2种细胞的形态较为相似,但通过对力曲线的分析得出这2种细胞的机械性质明显不同。正常淋巴细胞粘弹力范围大致为(796.7±248.5)pN,而Jurkat细胞分布于(158.5±37.5)pN;正常淋巴细胞的杨氏模量(0.471kPa±0.081kPa)近4倍于Jurkat细胞(0.0964kPa±0.0229kPa);而Jurkat细胞(4.322mN/m±0.382mN/m)的硬度近2倍于正常淋巴细胞(2.278mN/m±0.488mN/m)。结果表明原子力显微镜能可在临床诊断上区分正常细胞与肿瘤细胞,即使两者形态区别不明显。     

水平基因转移介导抗菌素耐药性传播机制的研究进展

近几十年来,病原菌耐药性的出现和蔓延已上升为严峻的公共卫生问题。越来越多研究表明,抗菌素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)不仅仅见于临床所分离的病原体,而是包括所有的致病菌、共生菌以及环境中的细菌,它们都能在可移动遗传元件和噬菌体的作用下,通过水平基因转移(horizontal gene transfer,HGT)途径获得耐药性,进而形成抗菌素耐药基因簇(耐药基因组)。HGT可导致抗菌素的耐药性在环境共生菌和病原菌之间传播扩散,这可通过临床上一些重要的抗菌素耐药基因的传播证实。传统观念认为HGT的三种机制中,接合对ARGs的传播影响最大,最近研究表明转化和转导对ARGs播散起到不可忽视的作用。通过深入了解耐药基因组的传播及其在动员病原菌耐药中发挥的作用,对于控制这些基因的播散是至关重要的。将讨论耐药基因组的概念,提供临床相关的抗菌素抗性基因水平基因转移的例子,对当前已研究的促使抗菌素耐药性传播的各种HGT机制进行回顾。     

基于CRISPR-Cas9系统的HSV-1基因治疗载体的快速构建北大核心CSCD

基因改造的1型单纯疱疹病毒(HSV-1)载体在肿瘤溶瘤病毒治疗及基因转导中具有广泛的应用前景。本研究报道一种基于CRISPR-Cas9系统的高效快速的重组HSV-1载体构建方法。首先,双顺反表达靶点g DNA和Cas9核酸酶的基因编辑质粒与同源重组模板质粒共转染Vero细胞后,用亲本株感染细胞;然后,Cas9对胞内病毒基因组定点切割,诱导外源基因同源重组,修复至病毒基因组指定位点。通过PCR、Western印迹、免疫荧光等方法证明,相比于传统自发同源重组的构建方法,该方法能显著提升病毒重组率(4.1%vs 1.1%)。同时,本研究建立了一种新的单克隆病毒纯化方案,简化了阳性病毒筛选步骤。本研究结果提供了一种高效快速的重组HSV-1构建方法,这对于HSV-1相关基因治疗及其病理机制研究将具有重要意义。     

The Translational Apparatus of Plastids and Its Role in Plant Development

Chloroplasts （plastids） possess a genome and their own machinery to express it. Translation in plastids occurs on bacterial-type 70S ribosomes utilizing a set of tRNAs that is entirely encoded in the plastid genome. In recent years, the components of the chloroplast translational apparatus have been intensely studied by proteomic approaches and by reverse genetics in the model systems tobacco （plastid-encoded components） and Arabidopsis （nucleus-encoded components）. This work has provided important new insights into the structure, function, and biogenesis of chloroplast ribosomes, and also has shed fresh light on the molecular mechanisms of the translation process in plastids. In addition, mutants affected in plastid translation have yielded strong genetic evidence for chloroplast genes and gene products influencing plant develop- ment at various levels, presumably via retrograde signaling pathway（s）. In this review, we describe recent progress with the functional analysis of components of the chloroplast translational machinery and discuss the currently available evidence that supports a significant impact of plastid translational activity on plant anatomy and morphology.     

Comparative analysis of chromosome segregation in human,yeasts and trypanosome

Chromosome segregation is a tightly regulated process through which duplicated genetic materials are equally partitioned into daughter cells. During the past decades, tremendous efforts have been made to understand the molecular mechanism of chromosome segregation using animals and yeasts as model systems. Recently, new insights into chromosome segregation have gradually emerged using trypanosome, an early branching parasitic protozoan, as a model organism. To uncover the unique aspects of chromosome segregation in trypanosome, which potentially could serve as new drug targets for anti-trypanosome chemotherapy, it is necessary to perform a comparative analysis of the chromosome segregation machinery between trypanosome and its human host. Here, we briefly review the current knowledge about chromosome segregation in human and Trypanosoma brucei, with a focus on the regulation of cohesin and securin degradation triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome （APC/C）. We also include yeasts in our comparative analysis since some of the original discoveries were made using budding and fission yeasts as the model organisms and, therefore, these could provide hints about the evolution of the machinery. We highlight both common and unique features in these model systems and also provide perspectives for future research in trypanosome.