贝伐珠单抗在肿瘤治疗中的应用研究进展

贝伐珠单抗是一种重组人源化免疫球蛋白 G1 单克隆抗体,可通过抑制血管内皮生长因子活性及抗血管生成,达到抑制肿瘤生长 的目的,目前已广泛用于结直肠癌、肺癌、卵巢癌等多种肿瘤的治疗,尤其是通过与基础化疗结合,能显著提高治疗的有效率以及延长 肿瘤患者的无进展生存期和总生存期。综述贝伐珠单抗的抗肿瘤作用机制、在不同肿瘤治疗中的应用、用于肿瘤治疗时机与疗效差异以 及不良反应和防治。     

板栗总苞总黄酮对三种不同肿瘤细胞的抑制作用

探讨板栗总苞总黄酮对MG-63、MCF-7、SMMC-7721三种不同肿瘤细胞的抑制作用。分别培养人骨肉瘤MG-63细胞、人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞、人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞,加入不同浓度板栗总苞总黄酮,并分别设置不含药物的对照组。采用倒置相差显微镜观察细胞形态,CCK-8法测定药物对细胞增殖的影响,荧光显微镜观察细胞凋亡状态,RT-PCR检测Bcl-2、Caspase-3、P21 mRNA表达。结果提示,三种肿瘤细胞在药物作用后,增殖均受明显抑制,并呈现凋亡形态改变;其24 h后半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别305.58、739.22、4499.44μg/m L,48 h的IC50分别为:147.18、254.42、488.40μg/m L;荧光显微镜观察染色后细胞呈现不同程度的凋亡,并以晚期凋亡为主;RT-PCR结果提示各细胞实验组Caspase-3和P21 mRNA表达明显上调、Bcl-2表达明显下调。上述改变中,MG-63细胞改变最明显,其次为MCF-7细胞,改变最弱的为SMMC-7721。板栗总苞总黄酮能明显抑制MG-63、MCF-7、SMMC-7721细胞增殖并诱导其凋亡,其药效作用为MG-63MCF-7SMMC-7721。     

《生物多样性》2014年进展

<正>报道内容的特点力求聚焦生物多样性的核心问题,突出特色,报道新领域、新概念、新方法和新动态。编委会还归纳了生物多样性科学近年的热点方向(附表1),围绕这些方向将进一步组织优质稿件。鼓励并引导作者整合论文,在发表文章时尽量附带原始数据仅在网站上发表,如样方调查资料、物种名录等,增加了文章的信息量和数据的复用性。2014     

Interactive effects of phenolic acid and nitrogen on morphological traits of poplar (Populus × euramericana ‘Neva’) fine roots

Aims The relationship between rhizosphere process and fine root growth is very close but still obscure. In poplar plantation, phenolic acid rhizodeposition and soil nutrient availability were considered as two dominant factors of forest productivity decline. It is very hard to separate them in the field and they might show an interactive effect on fine root growth. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of phenolic acids and nitrogen on branch orders of poplar fine roots and to give a deeper insight into how the ecological process on root-soil interface affected fine root growth as well as plantation productivity. Methods The cuttings of health annual poplar seedlings (I-107, Populus × euramericana ‘Neva’) serve as experiment materials, and were cultivated under nine conditions, including three concentration of phenolic acids at 0X, 0.5X, 1.0X (here, X represented the contents of phenolic acids in the soil of poplar plantation) and three concentration of nitrogen at 0 mmol·L^-1, 10 mmol·L^-1, 20 mmol·L^-1, based on Hoagland solution. The roots were all separated from poplar seedlings after 35 days, and 30 percent of total fine roots of every treatment were taken as fine root samples. These fine roots were grouped according to 1 to 5 branch orders, and then the morphological traits of each group of fine roots were scanned via root analyzer system (WinRHIZO, Regent Instruments Company, Quebec, Canada) including total length, surface area, volume and average diameter. Meanwhile, the dry mass of fine root samples of every order was measured to calculate specific root length (SRL), root tissue density (RTD). All data were analyzed via SPSS 17.0 software, and interactive effect of phenolic acids and nitrogen on roots was analyzed through univariate process module. Principal component analysis (PCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) were conducted via Canoco 4.5 software. Important findings Under the conditions without phenolic acids application, the fine roots growth was significantly inhibited in deficiency and higher nitrogen treatments, especially for 1-3 order roots. Only specific root length appeared decreased with nitrogen level, and other traits of fine roots did not demonstrate linear relationship with nitrogen concentrations. Compared to 0.5X phenolic acids treatment, 1.0X phenolic acids significantly promoted the diameter and volume of 1-2 order roots (p < 0.05). Both phenolic acids and nitrogen demonstrated influence on poplar fine root traits. However, the diameter and volume of 1-2 order roots were significantly affected by phenolic acids, while the total length and surface area of 4-5 order roots was affected by nitrogen. Two way ANOVA showed that phenolic acids and nitrogen made a synergistic or antagonistic effect on morphological building of fine roots. Furthermore, PCA and RDA indicated that the interactive effects of phenolic acids and nitrogen led to significant differences among 1-3 order, 4th order and 5th order of poplar fine roots. The PC1 explained about 60.9 percent of root morphological variance, which was related to foraging traits of roots. The PC2 explained 25.3 percent of variance, which was related to root building properties. The response of poplar roots to phenolic acids and nitrogen was closely related to root order, and nitrogen played more influence on poplar roots than phenolic acids. Thus, phenolic acids and nitrogen level would affect many properties of root morphology and foraging in rhizosphere soil of poplar plantation. But nitrogen availability would serve as a dominant factor influencing root growth, and soil nutrient management should be critical to productivity maintenance of poplar plantation.     

混合盐碱胁迫下丛枝菌根真菌对紫花苜蓿生长及2种酚酸含量的影响

将4种盐（NaCl、Na₂SO₄、Na₂CO₃、NaHCO₃）按一定比例混合模拟出16种盐碱 （盐浓度 25~150 mmol·L^-1,pH 8.39~10.90）胁迫环境,通过室内盆栽实验,考察了接种丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）摩西球囊霉（Glomus mosseae）对盐碱混合胁迫下紫花苜蓿（ Medicago sativa）幼苗的存活率、株高、总生物量、可溶性蛋白质含量、脯氨酸含量以及阿魏酸、水杨酸两种酚酸含量的影响。结果显示：（1）非盐碱胁迫条件下,与未接菌处理组相比,接种AMF紫花苜蓿幼苗的株高、总生物量、可溶性蛋白质含量和脯氨酸含量分别提高了20%、130%、9.6%和3%,而其阿魏酸和水杨酸含量分别降低59.1%和623.9%;（2）在盐碱胁迫条件下,随着盐碱梯度的增加,接种AMF和未接菌处理组的紫花苜蓿幼苗的存活率、株高、总生物量、可溶性蛋白质含量均降低,而它们的脯氨酸、阿魏酸与水杨酸含量均增加;接种AMF处理组的存活率、株高、总生物量、可溶性蛋白质含量以及脯氨酸含量显著高于未接菌处理组,其阿魏酸含量比未接菌处理组高但差异不显著,而其水杨酸含量比未接菌处理组显著降低。研究表明,在盐碱混合胁迫条件下,接种丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）能够改变紫花苜蓿体内酚酸的含量,积累渗透调节物质,促进自身生长,从而提高其耐盐碱性,该研究对于提高盐碱地区经济作物产量,推动 AMF 在生产中利用具有理论指导意义。     

三七总皂苷对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞凋亡的抑制作用北大核心CSCD

本文旨在研究三七总皂苷(total saponins of Panax notoginseng,t PNS)对二氯化钴(CoCl_2)诱导的大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,r BMSCs)凋亡的抑制作用及机制。采用密度梯度离心法分离SD大鼠BMSCs。不同浓度t PNS(1、10和100μg/m L)处理r BMSCs 48 h后,行流式细胞术检测细胞增殖(Ed U法)和细胞周期。300μmol CoCl_2孵育细胞24 h诱导凋亡,在CoCl_2处理的同时加入不同浓度t PNS(1、10和100μg/m L)。Annexin V-FITC/PI染色后,用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率;罗丹明123染色后,在荧光显微镜下观察线粒体膜电位改变;q RT-PCR检测细胞Bcl-2家族的基因表达。结果显示,t PNS各浓度组细胞增殖率均较对照组升高,100μg/m L t PNS组G2+S期细胞百分比较对照组升高。与对照组相比,CoCl_2组细胞凋亡率增加14.2%,而t PNS三个浓度组细胞凋亡率分别较CoCl_2组减少14.4%、12.8%和13.9%(均P<0.01)。与对照组相比,CoCl_2组线粒体膜电位明显降低,而t PNS各浓度组膜电位降低程度明显低于CoCl_2组。t PNS各浓度组的Bcl-2和Bcl-xl m RNA表达均高于CoCl_2组(均P<0.05);10和100μg/m L t PNS组的Bax/Bcl-2比值较CoCl_2组显著降低。以上结果提示,t PNS对CoCl_2诱导的r BMSCs凋亡有抑制作用,其机制是通过提高细胞线粒体膜电位,上调抗凋亡基因Bcl-2和Bcl-xl的表达,降低Bax/Bcl-2比值而实现的。     

遥感GPP模型在中亚干旱区4个典型生态系统的适用性评价

总初级生产力（GPP）是全球生态系统碳循环的重要组成部分,对全球气候变化有重要影响。目前有多种遥感模型可以模拟总初级生产力,比较不同遥感模型在中亚干旱区上的适用性对推进全球干旱区碳收支估算具有重要意义。基于涡度协相关技术观测的四个地面站数据验证MOD17、VODCA2、VPM、TG、SANIRv五种模型的模拟精度。结果表明：（1）基于光能利用率理论的MOD17、VPM模型模拟咸海荒漠植被和阜康荒漠植被GPP的精度最高（R²分别为0.52和0.80）,但在模拟草地、农田生态系统生产力时存在较明显的低估（RE>20%）;基于植被指数的遥感模型TG模型、SANIRv模型模拟巴尔喀什湖草地生态系统和乌兰乌苏农田生态系统GPP的精度最高（R²分别为0.91和0.81）,同时模拟值与实测值的相对误差也较低;基于微波的VODCA2模型模拟各生态系统生产力的效果最差。（2）水分亏缺是限制植被GPP的主要因素,因此是否合理考虑水分胁迫是影响GPP模型在中亚干旱区适用性的重要因素。研究揭示了遥感GPP模型在中亚干旱区的应用潜力,为推进全球植被碳通量的准确估算提供参考。     

温、光、盐对硅藻STR01生长、总脂、脂肪酸的影响

为了优化新分离STR01的生态培养条件, 采用单因子试验和正交试验研究了不同温度、光照强度、盐度和温、光、盐三因素三水平对该藻的生长、总脂和脂肪酸组成影响。结果表明: 温、光、盐对STR01的生长、总脂和脂肪酸组成影响显著(P<0.05)。生长的适宜温度为15—35℃, 最适25—30℃(K值达0.679—0.682), 总脂含量积累的最适温度是25℃(总脂可达17.23%), 温度20℃时有利于该藻PUFA的积累, 可达34.23%。STR01生长的适宜光照强度为40—120 μmol/(m2·s), 最适光强为60 μmol/(m2·s), 光照强度40 μmol/(m2·s)有利于该藻的PUFA积累, 可达34.29%。STR01生长的适宜盐度为10—35, 最适盐度25, 盐度25时PUFA含量较高(43.42%)。正交试验结果表明温度对STR01的平均相对生长速率和总脂含量影响显著, 生长的最优组合: 温度30℃、光照强度60 μmol/(m2·s)、盐度25, 该组合下的生长速率达0.756; 总脂含量积累的最优组合: 温度30℃、光照强度60 μmol/(m2·s)、盐度20, 该组合下的总脂含量为20.00%。PUFA的最优组合: 温度25℃、光照强度60 μmol/(m2·s)、盐度20, 该组合下PUFA的含量为35.37%。综上所述: 该藻生长迅速, 总脂含量较高, PUFA丰富, 是一种可开发利用的耐高温浮游硅藻。     

基于绿色低共熔溶剂法高效提取鸡骨草中的黄酮和皂苷

为了研究鸡骨草中总黄酮和总皂苷的最佳提取工艺,通过单因素试验和星点设计-响应面法,对低共熔溶剂的性质(如种类、组分摩尔比、含水量)、提取温度、提取时间、液料比等多个因素进行考察。结果显示,总黄酮的最佳提取条件为:摩尔比1∶2、含水量30%的氯化胆碱/乙二醇作溶剂,提取温度80℃,提取时间40min,液料比15∶1(mL/g);总皂苷的最佳提取条件为∶摩尔比1∶4、含水量25%的氯化胆碱/乳酸作溶剂,提取温度80℃,提取时间64min,液料比56∶1(mL/g)。在最佳条件下,总黄酮和总皂苷的提取率较传统提取溶剂分别提高了33.3%和96.4%。本研究为鸡骨草中黄酮和皂苷的高效、安全提取提供了一条新思路。