两种网翅蝗精子的比较研究：直翅目：蝗总科

通过对青脊竹蝗Ｃｅｒａｃｒｉｓ ｎｉｇｇｒｉｃｏｒｎｉｓ ｎｉｇｒｉｃｏｒｎｉｓ Ｗａｌｋ及宽翅曲背蚯 Ｐａｒａｒｃｙｐｔｅｒａ ｍｉｃｒｏｐｔｅｒａ ｍｅｒｉｄｉｏｎａｌｉｓ 精子的比较。发它们的精子的线粒体衍生体和中心粒 本的超微形态结构以及精子发生过程中七,八两期精 细胞线粒体衍生体周围微的排数十分相似。     

冀北高原闪电河流域上游不同介质体中总P分布特征

对冀北高原闪电河水库上游２０ｋｍ长的河段的多介质体中总Ｐ含量及其动态变化分析表明,同源水体的总Ｐ含量各段不一,其中最高量（０．０８２４ｍｇ·Ｌ（－１））为最低量（０．０２２８ｍｇ·Ｌ（－１））的３．６倍;不同介质体总Ｐ含量以土壤（３４０２ｍｇ·ｋｇ（－１））＞淤泥（１９９２ｍｇ·ｋｇ（－１））＞岩石（５４２ｍｇ·ｋｇ（－１））＞水体（０．０５５３ｍｇ·Ｌ（－１））的排序递减,并随温度升高而增高．     

水杉异砧嫁接植株体内激素的分布和含量变化

同一生期育不同器官或同一器官不同生育的水杉异砧嫁接植株砧穗各器官中均含有ＧＡ３,ＩＡＡ,ＺＴ和ＡＢＡ,以ＧＡ３含量最高,１０、１１月休眠前期,接穗水杉叶片中ＧＡ３,ＺＴ和ＡＢＡ含量显著高于砧木叶片,砧木叶片中ＩＡＡ含量分别是接穗叶片的１．５和１．９倍。砧木根和接穗叶芽,花芽中４种激素含量均高于砧穗的茎,而接穗的雌球花芽则高于雄球花芽。     

瘿螨科一新属六新种记述(蜱螨亚纲：瘿螨总科)

本文记述瘿螨科Eriophyidae一新属六新种。所用量度单位为μm。模式标本保存在南京农业大学植保系。新波羽瘿螨属Neocymoptus新属体纺锤形。背盾板近三角形,前叶突较明显,其端部中央略凹陷,背瘤位于盾后绿,背毛后指。缺基节刚毛1。足各节俱全,有模式刚毛,羽状爪单一。大体背坏波状,侧毛和腹毛俱全。1竹新波羽＠螨Neqopsbonlousae新种（图1～5）雌螨：体纺锤形,长132,宽48,厚41。赚长18,斜下伸。背盾板长33,宽40,前叶突较明显,其端部中央略凹陷;背中线完整呈断续状,侧中线和亚中线完整,侧中线波状,后端相向会合;背瘤位…     

湖北省微翅蚱属一新种

本文报道采自湖北省武当山地区微翅昨属一新种。武当山微支蚱Ａｌｕｌａｔｅｔｔｉｘ ｗｕｄａｎｇｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,该新种近似于云南微翅蚱Ａｌｕｌａｔｅｔｔｉｘ ｙｕｎｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓＬｉａｎｇ,主要区别遄隆则面观在侧单眼处明显凹陷;前胸背缘中央略凹陷,前缘几平直,后突顶端中央凹陷;前、中足股节下缘波状。     

不同采收期银杏叶总内酯及黄酮甙的含量测定

采用ＨＰＬＣ法对不同采收期银杏叶总内酯及黄酮甙含量进行测定,结果表明,八至九月采收的银杏叶总内酯及黄酮甙含量均较高。     

不同步长尺度下BEPS碳循环模型的协同应用

小时步长的BEPSHourly模型可以模拟植被日内生态生理过程,但模型的结构及解算过程复杂耗时,常适用于站点尺度进行参数优化及总初级生产力(GPP)、净初级生产力(NPP)的日内变化分析;日步长的BEPSDaily模型解算日光合速率方法简单,不涉及众多的迭代过程,模型耗时较少,适用于模拟计算区域初级生产力及分析区域碳源/汇空间分布.本研究根据BEPSDaily及BEPSHourly各自的模型特点及适用性,提出了小时步长及日步长BEPS模型的协同应用研究方法.首先利用BEPSHourly模型在站点尺度进行主要光合作用参数——最大羧化速率(V_{c max})、最大电子传递速率(J_max)的优化,将优化后主要光合作用参数引入区域BEPSDaily模型进行参数修正,再基于优化修正后的区域BEPSDaily模型进行区域NPP估测.结果表明: 基于通量数据对光合作用主要参数进行优化可以提高模型的模拟能力;2011年,帽儿山地区不同森林类型的初级生产能力依次为阔叶林>针阔混交林>针叶林;本研究提出的不同步长尺度碳循环模型协同应用研究方法能够有效地进行主要光合作用参数的优化,模拟GPP、NPP的月平均日内变化,快速估测区域NPP并分析碳源/汇空间分布.     

基于18S rDNA遗传距离与GC含量对游走类纤毛虫的分子系统学研究

为了揭示游走类纤毛虫的系统发生,对寄生于淡水鱼类的车轮虫科中的6种车轮虫进行了18S rDNA的测序并获得了9个序列。采用了最大似然法(ML)与贝叶斯法(BI)对GenBank中所有游走类纤毛虫的18S rDNA序列进行了系统树的构建,并首次将SPSS与18S rDNA遗传距离结合分析了游走类纤毛虫的系统发生。研究结果进一步证实了车轮虫属(Trichodina)的非单系发生与小车轮虫属 (Trichodinella) 的有效性。此外,研究结合18S rDNA 的GC含量与遗传距离分析提出了游走类纤毛虫科属及种间新的鉴定依据: 18S rDNA 的GC含量可用于游走类纤毛虫的科属区分,且与游走类纤毛虫的分化密切相关; 18S rDNA的遗传距离在游走类纤毛虫的不同阶元中具有一定的阈值范围,即通常种内遗传距离阈值范围为0.000-0.005,属种间阈值范围为0.005-0.150,当遗传距离大于0.150时,则达到了科间水平。     

大豆GmNAC73-like基因的克隆和表达及其对GmIFS2基因的影响

为研究NAC转录因子对大豆﹝Glycine max ( Linn.) Merr.〕异黄酮合成的影响,根据大豆基因组序列设计引物,从豆荚中克隆获得GmNAC73-like基因,并对该基因序列进行生物信息学分析。结果显示：GmNAC73-like基因包含1个长度981 bp的完整开放阅读框,编码326个氨基酸。 GmNAC73-like蛋白的理论相对分子质量37000,理论等电点pI 6.4,为亲水性蛋白,无信号肽,并被定位在细胞核上,包含核定位信号“PKRRK”。同源性比对结果显示：GmNAC73-like蛋白与野大豆( Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc.)、蒺藜苜蓿( Medicago truncatula Gaertn.)、可可( Theobroma cacao Linn.)、葡萄( Vitis vinifera Linn.)及拟南芥﹝Arabidopsis thaliana ( Linn.) Heynh.〕的NAC蛋白具有较高的相似性,相似度分别为93%、69%、73%、75%和58%。在NJ系统树上,GmNAC73-like蛋白与野大豆的GsNAC8蛋白和木豆﹝Cajanus cajan ( Linn.) Millsp.〕的CcNAC8蛋白聚在一起,显示出较近的亲缘关系。半定量RT-PCR分析结果显示：在大豆的三叶期、开花期和结荚期,GmNAC73-like基因在根中均不表达,在茎和叶中可不同程度表达且茎中表达量较高;而在开花期或结荚期,该基因在花或豆荚中也可表达,且豆荚中表达量较高。酵母单杂交实验结果显示：GmNAC73-like可与异黄酮生物合成关键酶基因GmIFS2启动子中的CGTG基序结合;在大豆转基因发状根系中过表达GmNAC73-like基因后,除查尔酮异构酶基因的表达量无变化外,其他异黄酮生物合成相关基因的表达量均不同程度提高,其中,肉桂酸-4-羟化酶基因和查尔酮合酶基因的表达量明显提高。此外,在GmNAC73-like基因过表达的大豆转基因发状根系中总异黄酮含量显著降低。综合分析结果表明：GmNAC73-like可能通过与MYB转录因子的互作调控GmIFS2基因的表达,并在大豆异黄酮的生物合成过程中起负调控作用。     

Effects of elevated temperature on soil respiration in a coastal wetland during the non- growing season in the Yellow River Delta,China

Aims Winter soil respiration plays a crucial role in terrestrial carbon cycle, which could lose carbon gained in the growing season. With global warming, the average near-surface air temperatures will rise by 0.3 to 4.8 °C. Winter is expected to be warmer obviously than other seasons. Thus, the elevated temperature can significantly affect soil respiration. The coastal wetland has shallow underground water level and is affected by the fresh water and salt water. Elevated temperature can cause the increase of soil salinity, and as a result high salinity can limit soil respiration. Our objectives were to determine the diurnal and seasonal dynamics of soil respiration in a coastal wetland during the non-growing season, and to explore the responses of soil respiration to environmental factors, especially soil temperature and salinity.
Methods A manipulative warming experiment was conducted in a costal wetland in the Yellow River Delta using the infrared heaters. A complete random block design with two treatments, including control and warming, and each treatment was replicated each treatment four times. Soil respiration was measured twice a month during the non-growing season by a LI-8100 soil CO₂ efflux system. The measurements were taken every 2 h for 24 h at clear days. During each soil respiration measurement, soil environmental parameters were determined simultaneously, including soil temperature, moisture and salinity.
Important findings The diurnal variation of soil respiration in the warming plots was closely coupled with that in the control plots, and both exhibited single-peak curves. The daily soil respiration in the warming was higher than that in the control from November 2014 to January 2015. Contrarily, from March to April 2015. During the non-growing seasons, there were no significant differences in the daily mean soil respiration between the two treatments. However, soil temperature and soil salt content in the warming plots were significantly higher than those in the control plots. The non-growing season was divided into the no salt restriction period (November 2014 to middle February 2015) and salt restriction period (middle February 2015 to April 2015). During non-growing season, soil respiration in the warming had no significant difference compared with that in control. During the no salt restriction period, soil respiration in the warming was 22.9% (p < 0.01) greater than the control when soil temperature at 10 cm depth in warming was elevated by 4.0 °C compared with that in control. However, experimental warming decreased temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q₁₀). During salt restriction period, soil warming decreased soil respiration by 20.7% compared with the control although with higher temperature (3.3 °C), which may be attributed to the increased soil salt content (Soil electric conductivity increased from 4.4 ds·m^-1 to 5.3 ds·m^-1). The high water content can limit soil respiration in some extent. In addition, the Q₁₀ value in the warming had no significant difference compared with that in control during this period. Therefore, soil warming can not only increase soil respiration by elevating soil temperature, but also decrease soil respiration by increasing soil salt content due to evaporation, which consequently regulating the soil carbon balance of coastal wetlands.