高速逆流色谱法制备灵芝萜烯酮醇

本研究建立一种从灵芝子实体提取物中快速制备灵芝萜烯酮醇的方法。以沪农灵芝1号子实体为原料,经乙醇提取、D101大孔树脂富集后,再经一次正相色谱柱层析,获得富含灵芝萜烯酮醇的流分。采用高速逆流色谱法对该流分进行分离,优化分离条件,获得的最佳条件为：溶剂体系为正己烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水（V/V/V/V,12:24:18:9）,流速2.0mL/min,转速900r/min,上样量500mg,一次上样可得到纯度为90.9%的灵芝萜烯酮醇52.1mg,得率达到10.4%。该方法具有操作简单、污染小、成本低、得率和纯度高的特点,是规模化制备灵芝萜烯酮醇的一种新方法。     

24-表油菜素内酯对干旱胁迫下辣椒叶片快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线的影响

以辣椒品种“超辣九号”为试材,采用15%的PEG6000模拟干旱,研究了0.1μmol·L^-1外源24-表油菜素内酯(EBR)处理对干旱胁迫下辣椒叶片快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线(OJIP)的影响。结果表明:干旱胁迫降低了辣椒叶片的光化学效率和光合性能,导致干旱光抑制的发生。干旱胁迫既损伤了辣椒叶片PSⅡ供体侧放氧复合体(OEC),同时也对PSⅡ反应中心和受体侧造成伤害,阻碍了光合电子传递;干旱胁迫还导致单位叶面积有活性反应中心数目(RC/CS)的下降,并降低了单位叶面积吸收的光能(ABS/CS)、捕获的光能(TRo/CS)和进行电子传递的能量(ETo/CS),同时诱导了单位叶面积热耗散(DIo/CS)的增加。这说明辣椒遭受干旱胁迫后启动了相应的防御机制,一方面通过PSⅡ的可逆失活减少光能吸收与传递,另一方面通过促进热耗散减少过剩激发能的积累。EBR处理改善了干旱胁迫下辣椒叶片PSⅡ受体侧的电子传递,缓解了单位叶面积有活性反应中心数目的减少,优化了光合电子传递的进行,并维持相对较高的热耗散能力,从而减轻了干旱光抑制程度,对干旱胁迫下辣椒叶片光合机构和光合性能起到保护作用。     

快速眼动睡眠期行为障碍(RBD)的帕金森病临床特征分析

目的:探究合并不同发作形式的快速眼动睡眠期行为障碍(RBD)与帕金森病的临床特点及自主神经功能障碍变化。方法:采用快速眼动期睡眠行为障碍筛查量表及帕金森综合评分量表(Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale),对20例合并简单型(RBD)的帕金森病患者(RBD-简单组)与20例合并复杂型(RBD)的帕金森病患者(RBD-复杂组)进行研究。结果:两组帕金森病患者的一般情况、左旋多巴药物日剂量、疾病病程等无统计学差异(P>0.05)。合并复杂型(RBD)的帕金森病患者运动部分评分高于合并简单型(RBD)的帕金森病患者(P<0.05)。两组患者之间在非震颤、强直、运动减少症状均存在统计学差异(P<0.05),(RBD)复杂组评分均高于(RBD)简单组。多因素logistics回归显示,复杂型(RBD)的存在与UPDRS-Ш部分评分相关,而与年龄、病程、教育年限、左旋多巴药物日剂量等无显著相关,与运动减少症状最为相关,与震颤、非震颤、强直症状无相关性。两组患者运动障碍类型与(RBD)发作形式无明显相关性(P=0.108)。结论:合并复杂型(RBD)的帕金森病患者运动症状更重,并且累及运动障碍的诸多方面。帕金森病患者存在复杂型(RBD)症状主要与UPDRS-Ш评分相关,其中与运动减少方面显著相关。     

基于纳米孔测序技术的柑橘黄龙病检测方法建立

柑橘黄龙病(Huanglongbing)是柑橘生产上最具毁灭性的病害,及时快速地进行早期检测和诊断是防控黄龙病的关键措施之一.本文利用掌上纳米孔测序仪MinION对携带黄龙病菌Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus的DNA样品进行测序,并利用Blast、GraphMap、minimap2以及两种bwa的比对方法将测序结果比对到黄龙病菌基因组上,比对结果均匀的比对到黄龙病菌基因组上,并未发现严重的偏倚现象,验证了其测序结果的可靠性.本技术可弥补因柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri(Kuwayama)虫体过小或损坏难以进行光学识别的不足,并可同时检测虫体是否携带有黄龙病菌,对有黄龙病发生风险但尚未有黄龙病实际发生的柑橘种植区提供实时实地的监控与预警.     

春尺蠖蛹雌雄外部形态特征快速鉴别分析

为依据春尺蠖Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff蛹的形态特征快速、无损、准确鉴别雌雄个体,对其头部、胸部、腹部和体色外部鉴别特征进行了分析,并通过解剖生殖系统验证准确性.结果表明:以春尺蠖蛹的胸部和腹部特征识别雌雄准确率明显高于头部和体色特征,识别率可达100％.首先,雌蛹第8腹节腹板前缘中部具有"Y"型沟,与第7腹节腹板后缘形成倒三角状,而雄蛹无此特征.其次,雌蛹生殖孔与产卵孔连接形成裂缝,两侧平坦无突起,而雄蛹第9腹节腹板中央有一纵裂缝的生殖孔,两侧各有半圆状瘤状突起.最后,雌蛹的胸部背板各节间相对长度均小于雄蛹,而雄蛹中胸背板最宽,其后缘明显向外凸起.因此,春尺蠖蛹胸部或腹部特征可用于快速、准确地鉴别雌雄性别.     

Key characteristics for facilitating Leucaena leucocephala to successfully invade pioneer communities of tropical rain forests

Aims Due to fast-growing and high drought stress tolerance, Leucaena leucocephala has been widely used for afforestation in degraded tropical forests worldwide, but it is also a global invasive exotic species. Studies have shown that fast-growing can help L. leucocephala successfully invade subtropical forests. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether fast-growing and high drought stress tolerance can help L. leucocephala invade tropical rain forests.Methods The pioneer community of tropical rain forest which had been invaded by L. leucocephala in the Baopoling Mountain, Sanya, China was the research object. Through the t-test, we compared the differences in key functional traits that were related to growth rate (photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate) and drought stress tolerance (leaf turgor loss point) in both wet and dry seasons between L. leucocephala and eight dominant native species of pioneer community of tropical rain forest. And the principal component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate whether these functional traits can best discriminate between Leucaena leucocephala and the eight dominant native species.Important findings Leucaena leucocephala could be invariably growing fast (photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate much higher than native species) from wet to dry seasons and had higher drought stress tolerance (leaf turgor loss point much lower than native species) in the dry season. The results of PCA showed that these functional traits could significantly discriminate between L. leucocephala and the eight dominant native species. Therefore, invariable fast-growing from wet to dry season and high drought stress tolerance in the dry season make L. leucocephala successfully invade pioneer communities of tropical rain forests. In the future, these functional traits can be used to select many native species to perform biological control of L. leucocephala in other tropical forests.     

快速STR分型在法医DNA分析中的应用研究进展

STR分型是目前世界通用的DNA指纹分析方法.传统的分型方法包括DNA提取、DNA定量、PCR扩增和对扩增后的STR片段进行检测和分析,耗时较长(8¹0 h).一些情况下很难满足案件的实际需求.法医学家们在加快STR分型的方法研究一直不懈努力.现从快速提取DNA、无提取直接PCR、快速PCR、微流控芯片技术在STR快速分型方面的应用四方面,对近年来出现的可进行快速STR分型的新技术、新方法进行综述.     

4种快速PCR检测试剂法医学应用的初步研究

采用快速PCR扩增,探索其法医学应用价值.将AmpFLSTRIdentifiler试剂盒分别与4种不同的快速PCR检测试剂联合构建快速PCR体系,以9947A为模板,采用各自优化的循环参数进行扩增,并将各分型结果与常规方法进行比较,结果表明:联合构建的4种快速PCR体系均可获得与常规方法一致的DNA分型结果,扩增用时最短可减少至22 min.可见应用快速PCR方法进行扩增,可获得与常规方法一致的STR分型,并且显著缩短扩增时间,提高DNA分型速率.     

C-Terminus-Mediated Voltage Gating of Arabidopsis Guard Cell Anion Channel QUAC1

Anion transporters in plants play a fundamental role in volume regulation and signaling. Currently, two plasma membrane-located anion channel familiesmSLAC/SLAH and ALMTmare known. Among the ALMT family, the root-expressed ALuminium-activated Malate Transporter 1 was identified by comparison of aluminum-tolerant and Al3＋-sensitive wheat cultivars and was subsequently shown to mediate voltage-independent malate currents. In con- trast, ALMT12/QUAC1 （QUickly activating Anion Channel1） is expressed in guard cells transporting malate in an Al3＋- insensitive and highly voltage-dependent manner. So far, no information is available about the structure and mechanism of voltage-dependent gating with the QUAC1 channel protein. Here, we analyzed gating of QUACl-type currents in the plasma membrane of guard cells and QUACl-expressing oocytes revealing similar voltage dependencies and activation- deactivation kinetics. In the heterologous expression system, QUAC1 was electrophysiologically characterized at increas- ing extra- and intracellular malate concentrations. Thereby, malate additively stimulated the voltage-dependent QUAC1 activity. In search of structural determinants of the gating process, we could not identify transmembrane domains com- mon for voltage-sensitive channels. However, site-directed mutations and deletions at the C-terminus of QUAC1 resulted in altered voltage-dependent channel activity. Interestingly, the replacement of a single glutamate residue, which is con- served in ALMT channels from different clades, by an alanine disrupted QUAC1 activity. Together with C- and N-terminal tagging, these results indicate that the cytosolic C-terminus is involved in the voltage-dependent gating mechanism of QUAC1.     

快速成型技术在颌骨缺损修复中应用的临床研究

目的：研究以CAD／CAM快速成型模型预成钛支架行颌骨缺损功能和外形重建的临床疗效。方法：选择四川大学华西口腔医院收治的5例颌骨良性肿瘤患者,术前螺旋CT及快速成型技术预成实体模型,并通过反求工程技术将健侧颌骨外形复制,制备钛修复体行患侧缺损修复,观察术后效果。结果：术后3个月、6个月复查患者对自身颌骨功能及外形较满意,均未出现因修复体导致的严重不良反应,张口度都接近恢复至正常,张口运动未出现明显异常,咬合关系良好。结论：运用快速成型技术设计并利用反求工程技术制造的个性化修复体进行颌骨缺损修复的方法能较好地恢复患者颌面部的功能和外形,副反应小,可以达到比较满意的修复效果。