Microfossils from the Krol ‘A’ of the Lesser Himalaya,India: Additional supporting data for its early Ediacaran age

An assemblage of microfossils of moderate diversity, with the remarkable occurrence of ECAP acritarchs, is reported from the Ediacaran Krol ‘A’ (= the Mahi Formation) succession of Lesser Himalaya, India. Microfossils occur in the chert nodules exposed in Solan district, Himachal Pradesh. Two microfossils, Barogophycus symmetricus n. gen. n. sp. and Botominella lineata are new to the well-established Krol assemblage. The paper concentrates predominantly on fossil eukaryotic filamentous and coccoidal micro-organism of simple morphology. The assemblage is dominated by remains of prokaryotic cyanobacteria and demonstrates the diversity achieved by microorganisms at the beginning of the Ediacaran Period in the aftermath of the Marinoan glaciation. Filamentous and coccoidal microorganisms differ in taxonomic composition from the Mesoproterozoic microbiotas. The Krol microfossils assemblage has biostratigraphic potential and usefulness in broadly demarcating the different levels of the Ediacaran strata. Because of the presence of ECAP acritarchs, along with the appearance of other eukaryotic microorganisms of filamentous and coccoidal morphology, the general level of the Krol ‘A’ assemblage is considered as Ediacaran.     

Hygrophiloside,an iridoid glucoside from Hygrophila difformis (Acanthaceae)

A new iridoid glucoside, hygrophiloside, has been isolated from Hygrophila difformis. Hygrophiloside is apparently identical to the so-called ‘Cardanthera-Pseudoindican’. Its structure has been established by spectroscopic means and by reduction to isoaucubin.     

基于“源-汇”理论的流域非点源污染控制景观格局调控框架——以厦门市马銮湾流域为例

基于“源-汇”理论对景观格局进行调控与优化是一种较为经济、有效的流域非点源污染控制新方法,目前尚处在探索阶段.在景观生态学及相关理论与前人已有研究的基础上,以流域整体为对象,从2个层次构建基于“源-汇”理论的流域非点源污染控制景观格局调控框架: 1)流域层次:在分析流域“源-汇”景观合理的基本组合与空间布局方式的基础上,建立了流域景观格局整体调控与优化方法;2)景观斑块类型层次:将关键“源”景观作为重点调控与优化对象,建立了包含景观单位面积污染负荷、景观坡度、起传输作用的狭长“源”景观、临河“源”景观单位岸线长度污染负荷等4项关键“源”景观识别准则,并遵循镶嵌“汇”景观、局部增补带型“汇”景观、提高原有“汇”景观消纳污染物的能力等3项调控与优化原则,针对农村地区与城区不同的关键“源”景观类型,制定了9类调控与优化方法.最后将该框架应用到厦门市马銮湾流域,基于GIS平台及研究区遥感图像与数字高程模型,制定了马銮湾流域景观格局整体调控与优化模式及3个片区关键“源”景观调控与优化方案.     

‘LD-1'砧米良一号猕猴桃的耐涝性

猕猴桃是一类不耐涝的植物,为了解决猕猴桃的涝害问题,吉首大学近年来尝试用‘LD-1’作为猕猴桃的耐涝性砧木。该研究以米良一号实生苗砧米良一号猕猴桃和‘LD-1’砧米良一号猕猴桃为材料,观测根系淹水后叶片可溶性糖含量、丙二醛含量、叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、SOD 活性和形态的变化规律,探讨了‘LD-1’砧米良一号猕猴桃的耐涝性。结果表明：(1)米良一号实生苗砧米良一号猕猴桃根系淹水后,可溶性糖含量6 d 后极显著(P<0.01)升高;丙二醛含量8 d 后显著(P<0.05)升高;叶绿素含量和可溶性蛋白质含量没有显著变化;SOD 活性6 d 后显著(P<0.05)升高,8 d 后不再有显著变化;叶片2 d 后出现轻度萎蔫,10 d后全部枯死。(2)‘LD-1’砧米良一号猕猴桃根系淹水后,可溶性糖的含量4 d 后显著(P<0.05)升高;丙二醛含量、叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量和 SOD 活性无显著变化;叶片10 d 后未出现显著的萎蔫和枯死现象,30 d 后仍正常。这说明米良一号实生苗砧米良一号猕猴桃耐涝性较弱,‘LD-1’砧米良一号猕猴桃耐涝性较强,‘LD-1’作砧木显著增强了米良一号猕猴桃的耐涝性。该研究结果为‘LD-1’在米良一号猕猴桃栽培上的应用提供了依据。     

无核小枣木质素合成基因Zj4CL的克隆和表达分析

为研究无核小枣果实无核形成机理,应用RT-PCR扩增技术首次从无核小枣果实中克隆得到4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶(4CL,4-Coumarate:Coenzyme A Ligase)基因,该序列长度1819 bp,包含1776 bp的完整开放阅读框,编码591个氨基酸,命名为Zj4CL(登陆号KP279930)。Zj4CL与基因组序列比对发现,该基因组含有5个外显子,4个内含子。序列比对和结构域分析表明,Zj4CL包含4CL基因家族的Box I和Box II保守区。进化树分析显示,Zj4CL与苹果(XP_008362825)的亲缘关系最近。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,无核小枣在花后30 d左右基因表达量达到最大值,到花后40 d以后表达量明显下降。     

Reduction of oxygen-pulsed cytochrome c oxidase by cytochrome c and other electron donors

1. Stopped-flow experiments were performed in which solutions containing dithionite were mixed with air-saturated buffer. Cytochrome c oxidase present in the dithionite-containing syringe is fully oxidized within the mixing time and the oxygen-pulsed form of the oxidase is produced.2. The reduction of this form by dithionite, by dithionite plus cytochrome c and by dithionite plus methyl viologen or benzyl viologen was followed and compared with the corresponding reduction reactions of the ‘resting’ oxidized enzyme. Reduction by dithionite is relatively slow, but the rate of reduction is greatly increased by addition of cytochrome c or the viologens, which are even more effective than cytochrome c on a molar basis.3. Profound differences between the transient kinetics of the reduction of the two oxidized oxidase derivatives were observed. The results are consistent with a direct reduction of cytochrome a followed by an intramolecular electron transfer to cytochrome a₃ (k^obs₁ = 7.5 s^?1 for the oxygen-pulsed oxidase).4. The spectrum of the oxygen-pulsed oxidase formed within 5 ms of the mixing closely resembles that of the ‘oxygenated’ compound, but there were small differences between the two spectra.     

The EPR spectrum of cytochrome b-563 in the cytocrhome bf complex from spinach: (1993) FEBS Letters 164, 71–74

Blood group H antigen with globo-series structure, reacting with the monoclonal antibody MBrl, was isolated and characterized from human blood group O erythrocytes. The structure was identified by methylation analysis, direct probe mass spectrometry, and ¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as shown below: Fucαl → 2Galβl → 3GalNAcβl → 3Galαl → 4Galβl → 4Glcβl → 1Cer     

Evidence for a pre-PETM dispersal of the earliest European crocodyloids

Crocodyloid remains from the late Paleocene of Mont de Berru (France) hosted in the collections of the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris, France) and in the Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique (Brussels, Belgium) are described for the first time. This material, although fragmentary, can be clearly referred on a morphological basis to Asiatosuchus depressifrons (Blainville, 1855), a species previously reported from several Eocene Belgian localities thanks to abundant material including a nearly complete skeleton. The Paleocene material shares with A. depressifrons the number of alveoli involved in the dentary symphysis, the exclusion of the splenials from the symphysis, and the presence of a distinct depression on the jugal. The fossil remains from Berru represent the oldest European crocodyloid. Along with the alligatoroid Diplocynodon remensis Martin, Smith, de Lapparent de Broin, Escuillié and Delfino, 2014, previously reported from the same locality, the crocodyloid A. depressifrons indicates that these genera reached Europe before the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum. Although more complete remains from outside Europe are needed to refine phylogenetic hypotheses, according to the currently established fossil record the forerunners of diplocynodontids likely dispersed from North America, whereas those related to Asiatosuchus likely dispersed from Asia.     

3个中山杉杂种无性系及其亲本的光合特性比较

对‘中山杉405’(Taxodium‘Zhongshanshan 405’)、‘中山杉406’(T.‘Zhongshanshan 406’)和‘中山杉407’(T.‘Zhongshanshan 407’)及其母本墨西哥落羽杉(T.mucronatum Tenore)和父本落羽杉〔T.distichum(L.)Rich.〕在7月份、9月份和10月份的光合参数进行了测定,并比较了3个无性系净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和水分利用效率(WUE)的杂种优势。结果显示:不同月份3个无性系及其亲本的Pn值有明显差异,导致光响应曲线明显不同,但3个无性系的光响应曲线基本一致;3个无性系的Pn值在不同月份都高于落羽杉,且‘中山杉405’的Pn值高于另2个无性系。3个无性系及其亲本的光补偿点总体上表现为7月份最高、10月份最低,其中7月份墨西哥落羽杉的光补偿点显著高于3个无性系及落羽杉(P<0.05);3个无性系和墨西哥落羽杉的光饱和点则为9月份最高、7月份最低,而落羽杉的光饱和点为9月份最高、10月份最低。7月份3个无性系与其亲本的Pn日变化曲线均呈不规则型,低谷出现在中午12:00左右;9月份和10月份3个无性系和墨西哥落羽杉的Pn日变化曲线均呈单峰型,峰值出现在上午10:00;落羽杉的Pn值从上午8:00开始呈持续降低的趋势,且全天都明显低于其他树种。不同月份3个无性系的Pn、Gs、Tr和WUE的杂种优势有明显差异,总体上看,‘中山杉405’的Pn、Gs和Tr在3个月份中均保持较高的杂种优势率,而‘中山杉406’9月份的杂种优势率最高,‘中山杉407’则在7月份杂种优势率最高;3个无性系的WUE仅在10月份有明显的杂种优势,且‘中山杉405’和‘中山杉406’的杂种优势率远高于‘中山杉407’;‘中山杉405’各项指标的杂种优势率总体上高于另2个无性系。研究结果表明:3个中山杉无性系的光合能力接近其母本墨西哥落羽杉、高于父本落羽杉,其中‘中山杉405’杂种优势明显。     

‘挽春’(Paeonia rockii‘Wan Chun’)——中国西北紫斑牡丹品种群中的一个优良品种

紫斑牡丹品种群是中国的主要牡丹品种群之一。文中描述了一个优良紫斑牡丹品种‘挽春’(Paeonia rockii‘Wan Chun’)的特征、习性和表现,该品种在紫斑牡丹品种群中具有代表性。紫斑牡丹品种可用于园艺观赏、经济林营造、荒山绿化以及荒漠治理。根据多年的调查和相关文献,按照紫斑牡丹品种的生长适应程度和引种栽培难易程度,将中国有可能引种栽植紫斑牡丹品种的地区划分为4类。介绍了各类地区在引种栽培方面需要注意的关键技术措施,分析了紫斑牡丹品种向全国各地推广过程中存在的问题,并提出了建议。