CJX1, an amlodipine derivative, interacts with ATPase of human P-glycoprotein

Our aim has been to elucidate the possible mechanism of CJX1, an amlodipine derivative, in the modulation of P-gp function by determining its effect on P-gp ATPase activity. Basal P-gp ATPase activity was increased by CJX1 with half-maximal activity concentration (Km) of 8.6 ± 1.4 μM. Kinetic analysis indicated a non-competitive inhibition of Verapamil (Ver)-stimulated P-gp ATPase activity by CJX1 and competitive inhibition of CJX1-stimulated P-gp ATPase activity by tetrandrine (Tet). The effect of CsA on CJX1-stimulated and Ver-stimulated P-gp ATPase activity was non-competitive and competitive inhibition, respectively. These findings implying that CJX1 and Tet can bind P-gp either on overlapping sites or distinct but interacting sites, while CJX1 and Ver as well as CsA can bind P-gp on separated sites in K562/DOX cells. Furthermore, the combined effect of CJX1 and Ver has been evaluated isobolographically in numerous fixed-ratio combinations of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:10 in K562/DOX cells. The results show that mixtures of both drugs at these fixed-ratios exerted synergistic interactions, indicating that when the two reverses that bind P-gp on separated sites are combined, each can contribute to the overall interaction with P-gp, leading to the greater effect than that by either agent alone.     

酒精促PC12细胞凋亡及对神经鞘磷脂合酶表达和活性的影响

目的 观察酒精诱导PCI2细胞凋亡及其凋亡过程中神经鞘磷脂合酶活性和mRNA表达量的变化.方法 MTr法测定酒精对PCI2细胞增殖的抑制作用.Hoeelmt33258染色荧光显微镜观察PCI2细胞凋亡形态学变化.DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测细胞凋亡梯状DNA条带.RT-PCR法检测酒精对PCI2细胞SMSI和SMS2 mRNA表达的影响.薄层层析法测定SMS的活性.结果 PCI2细胞去血清培养24 h,酒精浓度在100、200、400和800 mmoL/L时,细胞存活率分别是单纯去血清的87.54%、70.73%、57.89%和51.70%,表现出较强的细胞增殖抑制作用（P〈0.05）;细胞核形态学变化显示酒精处理组凋亡细胞增多,表现染色质凝集,细胞核变小、核碎裂成碎片等典型细胞凋亡特征性变化,凋亡率随着酒精浓度的增大而升高,去血清组的酒精浓度为100、200和300 mmol/L时,细胞凋亡率呈剂量依赖关系;琼脂糖凝胶电泳可见酒精处理组有不同程度的DNA断裂,显示凋亡细胞典型的梯状DNA.RT-PCR检测酒精对PCI2细胞SMS转录水平结果显示,不同浓度酒精作用于PCI2细胞0.5 h,SMSI表达量无显著变化,当作用时间达1h和2 h,SMSl表达量显著增加,并呈剂量依赖性,而SMS2的mRNA表达则不受酒精作用的影响;薄层层析法检测细胞总SMS活性显示,不同浓度酒精作用2 h,细胞SMS活性随酒精浓度增加而升高.结论 酒精可导致PCI2细胞凋亡并与酒精浓度呈正相关.酒精致PCI2细胞凋亡过程中SMSl的mRNA表达量增高,酶活性增强,提示酒精致PCI2细胞凋亡作用与鞘磷脂循环有关.     

牛不同供体核克隆囊胚Xist基因DNA甲基化程度的比较研究

利用亚硫酸氢盐测序法分析Holstein奶牛胎儿成纤维细胞(FFB)和输卵管上皮细胞(FOV)来源的克隆囊胚Xist基因DNA甲基化状况,以体外受精囊胚(IVF)和供体细胞作对照.克隆囊胚Xist基因处于较低程度的DNA甲基化状态,其中,FFB来源的克隆囊胚Xist基因DNA甲基化程度为43%,而FOV来源的克隆囊胚仅为17%.在体外受精囊胚中,Xist基因DNA甲基化处于中等状态,为49%.然而,在体细胞中,Xist基因的甲基化程度较高,FFB为66%,FOV为63%.这些结果说明,Xist基因DNA甲基化是可以被重编程的,所检测的CpG岛可能调节Xist基因的表达.结合已发表的实验数据,在同一个体中,FFB来源的克隆囊胚发育率比FOV的低,但其克隆牛胎儿的妊娠率和产犊率比FOV的高,这暗示不同供体核克隆囊胚的重编程是有差异的,并可能影响到胚胎及个体的发育.     

An Arabidopsis glutathione peroxidase functions as both a redox transducer and a scavenger in abscisic acid and drought stress responses

We isolated two T-DNA insertion mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE3 (ATGPX3) that exhibited a higher rate of water loss under drought stress, higher sensitivity to H(2)O(2) treatment during seed germination and seedling development, and enhanced production of H(2)O(2) in guard cells. By contrast, lines engineered to overexpress ATGPX3 were less sensitive to drought stress than the wild type and displayed less transpirational water loss, which resulted in higher leaf surface temperature. The atgpx3 mutation also disrupted abscisic acid (ABA) activation of calcium channels and the expression of ABA- and stress-responsive genes. ATGPX3 physically interacted with the 2C-type protein phosphatase ABA INSENSITIVE2 (ABI2) and, to a lesser extent, with ABI1. In addition, the redox states of both ATGPX3 and ABI2 were found to be regulated by H(2)O(2). The phosphatase activity of ABI2, measured in vitro, was reduced approximately fivefold by the addition of oxidized ATGPX3. The reduced form of ABI2 was converted to the oxidized form by the addition of oxidized ATGPX3 in vitro, which might mediate ABA and oxidative signaling. These results suggest that ATGPX3 might play dual and distinctive roles in H(2)O(2) homeostasis, acting as a general scavenger and specifically relaying the H(2)O(2) signal as an oxidative signal transducer in ABA and drought stress signaling.     

长期施肥对麦田大型土壤动物群落结构的影响

于2007、2008年春季在中国科学院封丘农业生态实验站,研究长期定位施肥对麦田大型土壤动物群落结构的影响。调查共获得大型土壤动物3068头,隶属8纲,19目,28科。不同施肥处理条件下土壤动物类群数差异显著(F=2.51, P＜0.05, df=55),个体数差异极显著(F=8.99, P＜0.01, df=55)。结果显示,大型土壤动物的类群数和个体数在有机肥和营养均衡条件下较高,缺磷条件下较低。土壤动物多样性指数(H')以有机肥和营养均衡条件下显著高于营养不均衡和不施肥处理(P＜0.05)。主成分分析结果显示,第一主成分贡献值47.14%,第二主成分贡献值30.10%。经线性检验第一主成分与土壤动物个体数(y=0.335x-2.163,R²=0.51)和类群数(y=0.042x-1.25,R²=0.67)均呈线性关系。总之,长期施用有机肥和营养均衡大型土壤动物群落构成相似。土壤有机质和磷含量是影响土壤动物群落构主要生态因子。     

河南安阳平原农耕区鸟类区系及多样性

2009年7月～2011年8月对河南安阳平原农耕区鸟类进行了调查,共记录到鸟类109种,隶属13目33科,其中雀形目鸟类59种,占鸟种总数的54.1%;留鸟30种,占总种数的28.4%;夏候鸟33种,占总种数的30.3%;冬候鸟8种,占6.4%;旅鸟38种,占34.9%。在生境分布上,以村庄农田鸟类种类最多,其次是林地果园,鸟种最少的是河流水域。在调查研究的基础上提出了鸟类保护的一些建议。     

节节麦-黑麦双二倍体α醇溶蛋白基因的克隆与序列分析

以人工合成节节麦-黑麦双二倍体基因组DNA为模板,用小麦种子醇溶蛋白保守引物进行PCR扩增,经克隆测序获得了843 ～ 897 bp共15个新的DNA序列(GenBank登录号为:JQ029719,JQ046392～JQ046405),分别编码280 ～298个氨基酸.序列比对结果表明,它们具有α-醇溶蛋白基因的典型结构特点,是α-醇溶蛋白基因家系成员,其中有两个序列为同义突变.利用14个新氨基酸序列与乳糜泻( celiac disease)病人毒性抗原相关序列的比对,发现有8个序列的Glia-α-2和Glia-α-9型抗原序列产生缺失和替换.与来自粗山羊草属和黑麦属的α-醇溶蛋白基因的编码氨基酸建立系统树,结果表明,14个DNA序列编码的氨基酸序列与粗山羊草属的相关序列聚在一起.