植物纤维素合成酶基因的研究进展

纤维素是植物细胞壁的主要成分。自然界中每年大约有1800亿吨的纤维素产物生成。纤维素的巨大经济价值使纤维素合成酶基因成为基因工程的热点之一。1996年, Delmer小组首次从植物中克隆出纤维素合成酶基因。近年来,在纤维素合成酶的结构、功能、定位和基因功能的研究方面成果斐然。本文概述了植物纤维素合成酶基因的研究进展。 Abstract:Cellulose is a major component in plant cell wall.About 180 billion tons of cellulose are produced per year in nature.The commercial importance of cellulose makes the genes coding it one of attractive targets for plant genetic engineering.A number of cellulose synthase genes have been first cloned from plant species by Delmer's group in 1996.Recently,research achievement has been obtained in accumulating to understanding the cellulose synthase function,location,and the gene function.The paper summarized the research progress of cellulose synthase genes in higher plants.     

Comparative Analysis of Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of (Populus simonii × P. nigra) × (P. nigra × P. simonii) Hybrid Clones of Different Ploidides

To evaluate differences among poplar clones of various ploidies, 12 hybrid poplar clones (P. simonii × P. nigra) × (P. nigra × P. simonii) with different ploidies were used to study phenotypic variation in growth traits and photosynthetic characteristics. Analysis of variance showed remarkable differences for each of the investigated traits among these clones (P < 0.01). Coefficients of phenotypic variation (PCV) ranged from 2.38% to 56.71%, and repeatability ranged from 0.656 to 0.987. The Pn (photosynthetic rate) photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) curves of the 12 clones were S-shaped, but the Pn-ambient CO₂ (Ca) curves were shaped like an inverted “V”. The stomatal conductance (Gs)-PPFD and transpiration rate (Tr)-PPFD curves had an upward tendency; however, with increasing PFFD, the intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci)-PPFD curves had a downward tendency in all of the clones. The Pn-PPFD and Pn-Ca curves followed the pattern of a quadratic equation. The average light saturation point and light compensation point of the triploid clones were the highest and lowest, respectively, among the three types of clones. For Pn-Ca curves, diploid clones had a higher average CO₂ saturation point and average CO₂ compensation point compared with triploid and tetraploid clones. Correlation analyses indicated that all investigated traits were strongly correlated with each other. In future studies, molecular methods should be used to analyze poplar clones of different ploidies to improve our understanding of the growth and development mechanisms of polyploidy.     

利可君防治恶性肿瘤放疗所致骨髓抑制的疗效观察

目的：观察利可君片防治恶性肿瘤放疗所致骨髓抑制的疗效。方法：选择我院2010年6月至2012年6月收治的60例接受放疗的恶性肿瘤患者,将其随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各30例,对照组在出现骨髓抑制前对照组不服用任何升血药物,在出现骨髓抑制后给予吉赛欣静脉或皮下注射2～5μg/kg,1次每日;观察组患者放疗前1周开始口服利可君片20mg,3次每日,至放疗结束后2周。比较两组的疗效,骨髓抑制发生时间和发生率,血小板和白细胞水平。结果：两组的疾病控制率和有效率比较无明显差别（P〉0．05）;对照组和观察组骨髓抑制的发生率分别为60．0％和16．7％,观察组显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）;治疗后,观察组血小板和白细胞无明显改变,对照组与治疗前相比明显下降（P〈0．05）,且显著低于观察组（P〈0．05）。结论：利可君防治恶性肿瘤放疗所致骨髓抑制的疗效显著,值得临床推广。     

基于DPSIR-EES模型的旅游型城镇生态安全评价研究

保障生态安全是旅游型城镇实现环境、经济、社会系统健康发展的基础,二道白河镇作为典型的旅游型城镇,旅游业快速发展的同时生态环境保护面临着巨大压力。针对当前生态安全评价中信息屏蔽和主观性问题,基于DPSIR-EES模型构建生态安全评价指标体系,运用熵值法和均方差法确定权重,引入物元分析模型,实现2010-2019年二道白河镇生态安全评价与评价结果的可视化表达与分析。结果表明：（1）2010-2019年二道白河镇生态安全水平从不安全向安全水平不断转化,2016年后上升趋势尤为突出;（2）GDP增长率、社会保障建设水平、节能环保力度等三项指标以及影响层面、社会层面、经济压力层面等三个层面的影响最为突出,是二道白河镇生态安全水平健康发展的主要制约条件。多维度指标结合物元分析模型,既能得到综合质量信息以及反映评价对象的稳定状况,同时直观揭示各单项评价指标的分异情况,为二道白河镇下一阶段生态安全决策提供科学依据。下一阶段工作应以环境开发和保护为重点,积极采取对策,弥补生产、生活行为对生态环境系统的负面影响,从根本上减轻生态环境压力,实现二道白河镇经济、社会、环境协调发展。     

小鼠胚胎胃肠道细菌基因组DNA提取方法比较

目的:筛选能均衡地提取小鼠胚胎胃肠道微生物区系各种细菌总DNA的方法.方法:分别采用反复冻融法、CTAB -SDS法、柱式基因组DNA提取试剂盒法提取小鼠胚胎胃肠道细菌基因组DNA,对其进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳、紫外分光光度计测定、PCR扩增等质量检测.结果:CTAB -SDS方法提取的基因组DNA纯度较高,OD260/OD280平均值最高,为1.845,电泳条带清晰,能满足下游的PCR扩增等分子操作.结论:确定CTAB -SDS方法为提取小鼠胚胎胃肠道细菌基因组DNA的最佳方法,为研究不同种动物胚胎的肠道菌群的结构和多样性奠定了基础.     

青藏高原东部高山植物的水分利用效率与氮素利用效率研究

对生长在青藏高原东部隶属于23科、49属的71种高山植物(包括多年生和一年生植物)的稳定碳同位素比值、氮含量以及碳/氮比率进行了分析,并以稳定碳同位素比值及碳/氮比率来分别指示植物的水分利用效率和氮素利用效率.结果表明:(1)多年生植物稳定碳同位素比值显著高于一生年植物,而碳/氮比率显著低于一年生植物(P<0.01),氮含量两者无显著性差异.(2)多年生植物和一年生植物的稳定碳同位素比值均与碳/氮比率呈显著负相关(-0.643**和-0.707),而与氮含量均无明显相关性.研究证实,在自然条件下多年生植物的水分利用效率比一年生植物更高,而氮素利用效率却更低;高山植物水分利用效率和氮素利用效率存在明显的权衡",即植物不能同时提高水分利用效率和氮素利用效率,高水分利用效率的代价是降低氮素利用效率,青藏高原不同植物即使在相同环境条件下具有不同适应对策.     

高寒草旬消费者种群稳定碳、氮同位素组成的海拔分异

通过测定青藏高原东部高寒区不同海拔主要植物和消费者种群（雀形目鸟类和小型哺乳类）的稳定碳、氮同位素比值,研究了高寒草甸消费者种群同位素组成特征及其影响因素。结果表明：植物平均稳定碳同位素随海拔升高表现出明显的增加趋势;消费者种群稳定碳、氮同位素随海拔的升高有明显的富集效应。雀形目鸟类种群稳定碳、氮同位素随海拔的升高均呈明显增加趋势;小型哺乳类稳定碳同位素随海拔上升不明显,而稳定氮同位素具有明显的增大趋势。消费者种群稳定碳、氮同位素沿海拔梯度的富集效应,一方面与植物稳定同位素在海拔梯度上的富集密切相关;另一方面与海拔和纬度变化所引起一系列环境因子的变化在一定程度上影响到动物的稳定同位素分布模式。另外,在高寒草甸地区,与雀形目鸟类相比,小型哺乳类在动物稳定同位素组成的代谢过程中更容易受到环境改变的影响。     

Different Biomarkers in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Blood Vessel Invasion

In clinical settings, lung cancer is divided into small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, and chemotherapy is depended on the difference. Using the same chemotherapy treatment, different effects and prognosis can be seen among squamous-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. These differences indicate that there may be various methods of invasion and immunity between squamous-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Blood vessel invasion and tumor immune escape play very important roles in the progression and metastasis of cancer, and CD105 and integrins are novel therapeutic targets. We assessed the possible association of CD105 expression and integrins with TNM classification in patients with two types of NSCLC. A total of 72 patients with resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) were reviewed retrospectively. Integrin β1, β2, β3, and α5β1 are assayed by immunofluorescence and integrin α5β1 using immunoblot. Intratumoral microvessel density was determined with an anti-CD34 mAb and an anti-CD105 mAb. Invasive ability was assayed with MMP2 and MMP9 using immunofluorescence. The expressions of all integrins, CD105, and CD34 are low in the normal lung tissue and highly expressed in the cancer niche compared to the adjacent tissues. CD105 is highly expressed in the adenocarcinoma niche compared to the squamous-cell carcinoma in NSCLC. The expressions of both MMP2 and MMP9 are low in the normal lung tissue and highly expressed in adjacent tissues. This study shows that blood vessel invasion appears to be an independent negative prognosticator in surgically managed types of NSCLC. However, adequately designed large prospective studies are warranted to confirm the present findings.     

土壤污染的生态毒理诊断研究进展

土壤生态毒理学是污染土壤生态风险评价以及土壤污染控制的理论依据,土壤环境中有毒物质的生态毒理效应及其分子机制的研究是土壤生态毒理学的核心内容.土壤污染生态毒理诊断集合了土壤污染的全部信息,提供了土壤的整体毒性效应.因此,开展土壤污染生态毒理诊断研究有重要的理论意义和现实意义.本文在参考国内外土壤污染生态毒理诊断研究成果的基础上,介绍了常用土壤污染生态毒理效应诊断方法和指标,并探讨了不同方法的利弊.传统毒理诊断方法往往只能表征胁迫的程度,不能解释损伤和响应发生分子机理.污染土壤毒性评估的生物标记物和土壤污染分子诊断技术,可深入探讨外源胁迫下生物的解毒机制.本文对其进行了较为系统的介绍,并对未来的研究趋势进行展望.