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91.
此项研究工作于1986年5—9月植物生长季节内,在海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站进行。用钴纸法测定了矮嵩草等10种植物的蒸腾强度、垂穗披碱草等3种植物的蒸腾日进程和不同植被覆盖地段的蒸腾—蒸发量,在测定时记录了气温、湿度等有关气象资料,以便分析。研究结果表明:1.矮嵩草等10种植物的蒸腾强度随植物种和所处的物候期而变化,植物生长早期蒸腾强度较低,进入生殖阶段,蒸腾强度明显提高。2.垂穗披碱草等3种植物蒸腾强度日进程呈明显的单峰型曲线,在中午或午后出现峰值,没有午休现象。这同气孔一直开着有关,是矮嵩草草甸植物蒸腾的特征之一。 3.不同植被覆盖地段的蒸腾—蒸发表明,有植被覆盖的地段的蒸腾—蒸发量较裸地的蒸发量为高。 相似文献
92.
Q C Shen V Simplaceanu P F Cottam J L Wu J S Hong C Ho 《Journal of molecular biology》1989,210(4):859-867
The results of molecular genetic, biochemical and nuclear magnetic resonance studies on glutamine-binding protein of Escherichia coli suggest that the only two tryptophan residues, at positions 32 and 220, in the protein molecule are likely to be involved in (or sensitive to) interactions with the membrane-bound protein components of the glutamine transport system. It has been found that both tryptophan residues have limited motional freedom, are located away from the surface of the protein molecule and are not close to the ligand-binding site. Their presence, however, is required for the optimal transport of L-glutamine across the cytoplasmic membrane, though not essential for the ligand-binding process. The relevance of these results to the structure and function of the glutamine-binding protein in the glutamine transport system is discussed. 相似文献
93.
94.
Neural integration by short term potentiation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
L. Shen 《Biological cybernetics》1989,61(4):319-325
Neurophysiological studies in the oculomotor system suggest that an integrative operation is required in order to derive an eye position signal from a command signal which usually correlates with eye velocity. Several proposed models for a neural integrator are examined. All these models incorporate some form of positive feedback as a basic mechanism. Based on the performance of the models, we argue that such a scheme require extreme high precision in order to work properly. A new model based on potentiation phenomena in synaptic transmission is proposed and is shown to be free from the deficits of most previous models. The proposed model also accounts for various neural behaviors in a very natural way. A possible implementation of the model is also discussed in the context of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). 相似文献
95.
水培大豆和田间生长的大豆,接种根瘤菌 Rhizobium B16-11C 后植株全氮含量、叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率及种子产量都明显增加。比较 Clark 大豆的结瘤品系和不结瘤品系获类似结果。摘除根瘤后3天内叶片净光合速率无明显变化。大豆植株遮阴、去叶或切掉地上部导致根瘤活性明显下降。但去豆荚不能提高根瘤固氮的比活性。根瘤活性的日变化不能用根瘤蔗糖、淀粉含量或周围温度的变化来解释,其控制因子尚待深入研究。 相似文献
96.
西欧地中海地区中新世以来的植被演化和现代地中海植被的形成 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从距今2500万年的中新世初到更新世,欧洲地中海沿岸地区的植被是从东亚型的热带——亚热带常绿阔叶林逐渐过渡为旱生性的蒿——藜草原。古热带和亚洲、北美成份从晚中新世起逐渐消失,少数一直延续到中更新世。孢粉分析表明,地中海成分从中上新世起有明显增加,地中海常绿硬叶林的发展与北极冰盖的形成密切相关。 相似文献
97.
The potential role of DNA methylation in the response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The Ah receptor is an intracellular protein that binds the environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. The liganded receptor interacts with a specific DNA recognition motif located within a dioxin-responsive enhancer upstream of the CYP1A1 gene. Methylation protection and methylation interference studies indicate that the liganded receptor contacts both DNA strands, at 4 guanine residues contained within the recognition motif. These findings imply that the liganded receptor interacts with its cognate enhancer within the major groove of the DNA helix. Cytosine methylation of the recognition motif at CpG dinucleotides diminishes the protein-DNA interaction, as measured by gel retardation. Furthermore, methylation at cytosine inhibits the enhancer function of the DNA. These findings imply that DNA methylation can diminish the response to dioxin by impeding the Ah receptor-enhancer interaction. 相似文献
98.
Structural analysis of the FMN binding domain of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 oxidoreductase by site-directed mutagenesis 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
A L Shen T D Porter T E Wilson C B Kasper 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1989,264(13):7584-7589
Comparison of the amino acid sequence of rat liver NADPH-cytochrome P-450 oxidoreductase with that of flavoproteins of known three-dimensional structure suggested that residues Tyr-140 and Tyr-178 are involved in binding of FMN to the protein. To test this hypothesis, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 oxidoreductase was expressed in Escherichia coli using the expression-secretion vector pIN-III-ompA3, and site-directed mutagenesis was employed to selectively alter these residues and demonstrate that they are major determinants of the FMN-binding site. Bacterial expression produced a membrane-bound 80-kDa protein containing 1 mol each of FMN and FAD per mol of enzyme, which reduced cytochrome c at a rate of 51.5 mumol/min/mg of protein and had absorption spectra and kinetic properties very similar to those of the rat liver enzyme. Replacement of Tyr-178 with aspartate abolished FMN binding and cytochrome c reductase activity. Incubation with FMN increased catalytic activity to a maximum of 8.6 mumol/min/mg of protein. Replacement of Tyr-140 with aspartate did not eliminate FMN binding, but reduced cytochrome c reductase activity about 5-fold, suggesting that FMN may be bound in a conformation which does not permit efficient electron transfer. Substitution of phenylalanine at either position 140 or 178 had no effect on FMN content or catalytic activity. The FAD level in the Asp-178 mutant was also decreased, suggesting that FAD binding is dependent upon FMN; FAD incorporation may occur co-translationally and require prior formation of an intact FMN domain. 相似文献
99.
Subcellular distribution of the 1,4-dihydropyridine receptor in rabbit skeletal muscle in situ: an immunofluorescence and immunocolloidal gold- labeling study 总被引:15,自引:9,他引:6 下载免费PDF全文
A O Jorgensen A C Shen W Arnold A T Leung K P Campbell 《The Journal of cell biology》1989,109(1):135-147
The subcellular distribution of the 1,4-dihydropyridine receptor was determined in rabbit skeletal muscle in situ by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. Longitudinal and transverse cryosections (5-8 microns) of rabbit gracilis muscle were labeled with monoclonal antibodies specific against either the alpha 1-subunit (170,000-D polypeptide) or the beta-subunit (52,000-D polypeptide) of the 1,4-dihydropyridine receptor by immunofluorescence labeling. In longitudinal sections, specific labeling was present only near the interface between the A- and I-band regions of the sarcomeres. In transverse sections, specific labeling showed a hexagonal staining pattern within each myofiber however, the relative staining intensity of the type II (fast) fibers was judged to be three- to fourfold higher than that of the type I (slow) fibers. Specific immunofluorescence labeling of the sarcolemma was not observed in either longitudinal or transverse sections. These results are consistent with the idea that the alpha 1-subunit and the beta-subunit of the purified 1,4-dihydropyridine receptor are densely distributed in the transverse tubular membrane. Immunoelectron microscopical localization with a monoclonal antibody to the alpha 1-subunit of the 1,4-dihydropyridine receptor showed that the 1,4-dihydropyridine receptor is densely distributed in the transverse tubular membrane. Approximately half of these were distributed in close proximity to the junctional region between the transverse tubules and the terminal cisternae. Specific labeling was also present in discrete foci in the subsarcolemmal region of the myofibers. The size and the nonrandom distribution of these foci in the subsarcolemmal region support the possibility that they correspond to invaginations from the sarcolemma called caveolae. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the 1,4-dihydropyridine receptor in skeletal muscle is localized to the transverse tubular membrane and discrete foci in the subsarcolemmal region, possibly caveolae but absent from the lateral portion of the sarcolemma. 相似文献
100.
Cause for dark, chilling-induced inactivation of photosynthetic oxygen-evolving system in cucumber leaves 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3 下载免费PDF全文
Effects on oxygen evolution of the storage of detached cucumber (Cucumis sativus) leaves at 0°C in the dark were investigated with thylakoids and oxygen-evolving photosystem II membranes isolated from stored leaves. The cold and dark treatment of leaves selectively inactivated electron transport on the oxidizing side of photosystem II. Photosystem II membranes isolated from treated leaves were largely depleted of two proteins of 20 and 14 kilodaltons, which correspond to the extrinsic 23- and 17- kilodalton proteins of spinach functioning in oxygen evolution. The manganese content of photosystem II membranes was also markedly reduced by the treatment. Thus, the inactivation of oxygen evolution induced by the dark, chilling treatment is ascribed to solubilization of the 20- and 14-kilodalton proteins and extraction of manganese. 相似文献