海南岛尖峰岭蓟马的种类组成及其生态分布

海南岛尖峰岭热带林自然保护区保存完好,森林植被类型齐全,生物资源极为丰富。蓟马(Thrips)在不同的植被类型中,有着不同的区系组成、生态分布和优势种群。热带半落叶季雨林中蓟马的特点是种类少,种群密度高,分布广;热带山地雨林中的蓟马则种类多,种群密度低并出现热带雨林的特有种,热带常绿季雨林中蓟马的特点介于上述的两者之间;山顶苔藓矮林中蓟马种类少,种群密度低。目前已鉴定的56种蓟马,具有东洋区昆虫的特点。     

仙茅属三个国产种的核型研究

本文报道了中国产三种仙茅植物的核型。1.绒叶仙茅Curculigo crassifolia (Baker) Hook. f., 2n=2x=18=10m(4SAT) 8 sm;2.大叶仙茅C.capitulata(Lour.)O. Kuntze,2n=2x=18=10(2SAT) 8sm;3.中华仙茅C.sinensis S.C.Chen,2n=2x=18=8m(3SAT) 10sm(2SAT)。其中中华仙茅的核型为首次报道。虽然三种仙茅的核型都是“2B”型,但中华仙茅的核型不对称性比绒叶仙茅和大叶仙茅强。     

The integrated conjugative plasmid pSAM2 of Streptomyces ambofaciens is related to temperate bacteriophages.

Streptomyces ambofaciens ATCC23877 and derivatives contain the 11-kb element pSAM2 present in an integrated state or as a free and integrated plasmid. This element, able to integrate site-specifically in the genome of different Streptomyces species, is conjugative and mobilizes chromosomal markers. Besides these plasmid functions, we have shown that the site-specific recombination system of pSAM2 presents strong similarities with that of several temperate phages. The integration event is promoted by a site-specific recombinase of the integrase family. The int gene encoding this integrase is closely linked to the plasmid attachment site (attP). A small open reading frame (ORF) overlaps the int gene and the predicted protein exhibits similarities with Xis proteins involved in phages excision. The integrated copy of pSAM2 in strain ATCC23877 is flanked by att sequences (attL and attR). Another att sequence (attX) is present in this strain and attX and attL are the boundaries of a 42-kb fragment (xSAM1) absent, as well as pSAM2, from S.ambofaciens DSM40697. Sequences partially similar to pSAM2 int gene are found near the chromosomal integration zone in both S.ambofaciens strains. The possible origin of pSAM2, an element carrying plasmid as well as phage features, is discussed.     

Detection of prophospholipase A2 in human spermatozoa

Prophospholipase A2 (proPA2) has been isolated from human spermatozoa after acid extraction and chromatography on hydrophobic WP-Butyl (C4) and ion-exchange (SP 5PW) columns. The addition of benzamidine, a noncompetitive synthetic trypsin inhibitor, to semen samples has kept a portion of the sperm phospholipase A2 (PA2) in its zymogen form and allowed its isolation after acid extraction. When radioactive phosphatidylcholine (PC) or phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were used as substrates, an identical elution profile of this enzyme was obtained on a C4 column. The proenzyme was separated from active PA2 on the C4 column. Human sperm proPA2 exhibited a less cationic charge than active PA2 on the SP 5PW column. Porcine pancreatic proPA2 had the same chromatographic behavior on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (SP 5PW) as human sperm proPA2. The purification procedure resulted in the isolation of proPA2 which, upon activation by proteolysis, presented the same chromatographic elution profile on HPLC as active PA2 of human spermatozoa and porcine pancreas. Thus, a zymogen form of PA2 exists in human spermatozoa.     

Classical Raman spectroscopic studies of NADH and NAD+ bound to lactate dehydrogenase by difference techniques

The binding of the coenzymes NAD+ and NADH to lactate dehydrogenase causes significant changes in the Raman spectra of both of these molecules relative to spectra obtained in the absence of enzyme. The molecular motions of the bound adenine moiety of both NAD+ and NADH as well as adenine containing analogues of these coenzymes produce Raman bands that are essentially identical, suggesting that the binding of adenine to the enzyme is the same regardless of the nicotinamide head-group nature. We also have observed that the molecular motions of the bound adenine moiety are different from both those obtained when it is in either water, various hydrophobic solvents, or various other solvent compositions. Protonation of the bound adenine ring at the 3-position is offered as a possible explanation. Significant shifts are observed in both the stretching frequency of the carboxamide carbonyl of NAD+ and the rocking motion of the carboxamide NH2 group of NADH. These shifts are probably caused by hydrogen bonding with the enzyme. The interaction energies of these hydrogen-bonding patterns are discussed. The aromatic nature of the nicotinamide moiety of NAD+ appears to be unchanged upon binding. Pronounced changes in the Raman spectrum of the nicotinamide moiety of NADH are observed upon binding; some of these changes are understood and discussed. Finally, these results are compared to analogous results that were recently reported for liver alcohol dehydrogenase [Chen et al. (1987) Biochemistry 26, 4776-4784]. In general, the coenzyme binding properties are found to be quite similar, but not identical, for the two enzymes.     

The primary structure of human apolipoprotein A-IV

Human apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV was purified from chylous ascites fluid. Proteolytic peptides produced by trypsin and Staphylococcus aureus V8 proteinase digestions were purified by high-performance liquid chromatography and sequenced. Human apoA-IV contains 376 amino acid residues. The peptide-derived sequence generally matches two previously reported DNA-derived amino acid sequences except for discrepancies in five positions. In order to examine these discrepancies further, one complete apoA-IV cDNA clone and another partial clone were sequenced. Comparison of all the available information indicates that the peptide-derived sequence reported here is accurate. Sequencing errors probably account for some of the discrepancies between the two primary sequences predicted by earlier nucleotide analyses. In certain positions, however, bona fide sequence heterogeneity or cloning artifact cannot be excluded.     

香薷中的化学成分

从香[Eltholtzia ciliata(Thund.)Hyland]中分出14个化合物,用波谱和化学等方法确定为6-甲基三十三烷(Ⅰ),13-环己基二十六烷(Ⅱ),β-谷甾醇(Ⅲ),棕榈酸(Ⅳ_a),亚油酸(Ⅳ_b),亚麻酸(Ⅳ_c),熊果酸(Ⅴ),5-羟基-6、7-二甲氧基黄酮(Ⅵ),5-羟基-7、8-二甲氧基黄酮(Ⅶ),5、7-二羟基-4′-甲氧基黄酮(Ⅷ),5-羟基-7、4′-二甲氧基双氢黄酮醇(Ⅸ),β-谷甾醇-3-β-D-葡萄糖甙(Ⅹ),5-羟基-6-甲基-7-O-α-D-半乳吡喃糖双氢黄酮甙(Ⅺ),刺槐素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙(Ⅻ)。其中化合物Ⅺ为新化合物,除(Ⅳ_b)和(Ⅳ_c)外,其余为首次从该属植物中得到。