鸡尾酒δ整合策略构建表达三类纤维素酶的酿酒酵母工程菌株及初步评价

木质纤维素乙醇具有替代化石燃料的潜力,其生产过程包括生物质预处理、纤维素酶生产、水解和发酵等多个步骤。将纤维素酶生产、水解和发酵组合在一起的统合生物加工过程（consolidated bioprocessing,CBP）由于能降低水解和发酵成本而具有应用于纤维素乙醇生产的潜力,该技术的关键是构建能有效降解纤维素的工程菌株,而构建表达纤维素酶的酿酒酵母即是其中一种选择。采用鸡尾酒多拷贝δ整合的策略将7种纤维素酶基因（Trichoderma reesei cbh1、cbh2和egl2,Aspergillus aculeatus cbh1、egl1和bgl1）表达盒整合至酿酒酵母W303-1A染色体上,经4轮整合筛选得到菌株LA1、LA2、LA3和LA4。对这4个菌株进行纤维素酶活性测定,结果表明从LA1到LA3各种纤维素酶活性呈递增趋势,而LA4的酶活性与LA3的酶活水平相当。对菌株LA3进行酸碱预处理玉米芯料的发酵评价,结果表明：①在外加商品化纤维素酶的情况下,与对照菌株W303-1A和AADY相比,LA3能有效利用纤维素料发酵产醇;②与分步整合的菌株W3相比,发酵性能更优;③培养基中的营养成分影响菌株发酵性能。这些结果表明,鸡尾酒δ整合是一种有效的构建酿酒酵母CBP菌株的方法。     

瓶梗颈部螺旋且寄生卷叶蛾幼虫的被毛孢新种

Hirsutella tortricicola sp. nov.（菌株GZUIFR-hir090704）分离于寄生卷叶蛾科昆虫幼虫的真菌标本GZUIFR-kks-2。其主要形态特征为产孢细胞颈部具1-2个螺旋状结构且再育明显;分生孢子具黏液,橘瓣状,2.7-3.6×1.4-1.8μm。通过形态学比较和系统发育学分析确定H. tortricicola为被毛孢属新成员。     

应用差示扫描量热法检测昆虫总蛋白的热滞活性

产生抗冻蛋白是寒带昆虫抵御低温的重要机制之一, 但检测其活性仍存在一些困难, 尤其对于个体较小的昆虫样品。为了探索差示扫描量热法是否适于检测昆虫总蛋白的热滞活性, 本研究利用差示扫描量热法对黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor幼虫的总蛋白和血淋巴分别进行了热滞活性检测。结果表明： 黄粉虫总蛋白的热滞活性（0.49~0.98℃）要低于血淋巴（2.54~4.34℃）。通过这种方法, 进一步检测了3种在内蒙古大兴安岭林区采集到的越冬昆虫： 稠李巢蛾Yponomeuta evonymallus幼虫、 舞毒蛾Lymantria dispar卵和落叶松八齿小蠹Ips subelongatus成虫。结果发现, 它们都存在热滞活性, 其中稠李巢蛾的热滞活性为0.34~0.43℃, 舞毒蛾的热滞活性为0.35~0.42℃, 落叶松八齿小蠹的热滞活性为0.37~0.40℃, 说明这3种昆虫能以产生抗冻蛋白的方式作为越冬策略之一。本研究表明通过差示扫描量热法检测昆虫总蛋白是否存在热滞活性来判断抗冻蛋白的存在是可行的。     

瘤蕨孢子组织培养与快速繁殖(简报)

以瘤蕨的孢子为外植体进行组织培养研究。结果表明,瘤蕨的成熟孢子在1/2 MS培养基上萌发速度最快,萌发率最高;瘤蕨的原叶体在1/2MS + 1.0 mg/L 6-BA + 0.5 mg/L NAA培养基上增殖速度较快,但增殖过程中不能形成孢子体;在培养基1/2MS +1.0 m/L AgNO3 + 0.05 mg/L NAA上成功诱导出孢子体;孢子体在培养基1/2MS + 0.5 mg/L IAA上可进行分株扩增,最终获得大量孢子无菌苗。     

外置式与内置式秸秆生物反应堆对番茄生长及光合性能的影响

以“魁冠108”番茄为试验材料,对比研究了外置式和内置式秸秆生物反应堆在秋延后番茄生产过程中对日光温室内CO₂浓度、空气相对湿度、空气饱和水汽压差以及番茄生长和光合性能的影响.结果表明:与对照相比,晴天9:30-11:30和14:30-15:00 外置式秸秆生物反应堆温室内CO₂浓度平均提高了207.3和103 μmol·mol^-1,差异显著;晴天9:30-11:30内置式秸秆生物反应堆温室内CO₂浓度平均提高了19.0 μmol·mol^-1;外置式和内置式秸秆生物反应堆促进了番茄株高生长,使植株提早开花,显著提高了番茄净光合速率、单株产量及单位面积产量,显著降低了营养生长期和结果期的蒸腾速率.与内置式相比,外置式秸秆生物反应堆更适合在日光温室秋延后生产中推广应用.     

The enzymatic activity of Arabidopsis protein arginine methyltransferase 10 is essential for flowering time regulation

Arabidopsis AtPRMT10 is a plant-specific type I protein arginine methyltransferase that can asymmetrically dimethylate arginine 3 of histone H4 with auto-methylation activity. Mutations of AtPRMT10 derepress FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) expression resulting in a late-flowering phenotype. Here, to further investigate the biochemical characteristics of AtPRMT10, we analyzed a series of mutated forms of the AtPRMT10 protein. We demonstrate that the conserved “VLD” residues and “double-E loop” are essential for enzymatic activity of AtPRMT10. In addition, we show that Arg54 and Cys259 of AtPRMT10, two residues unreported in animals, are also important for its enzymatic activity. We find that Arg13 of AtPRMT10 is the auto-methylation site. However, substitution of Arg13 to Lys13 does not affect its enzymatic activity. In vivo complementation assays reveal that plants expressing AtPRMT10 with VLD-AAA, E143Q or E152Q mutations retain high levels of FLC expression and fail to rescue the late-flowering phenotype of atprmt10 plants. Taken together, we conclude that the methyltransferase activity of AtPRMT10 is essential for repressing FLC expression and promoting flowering in Arabidopsis.     

环链棒束孢菌株培养特征、致病性及遗传变异研究

为筛选一种对小菜蛾有高致病力的杀虫真菌,对来自不同地域的环链棒束孢菌株的培养特征尤其是孢梗束形成、对小菜蛾的致病性和基于5.8S-ITS nrDNA构建的系统发育等进行分析。结果表明,供试菌株的培养性状可分为3个类型：孢梗束浓密型、孢梗束稀疏型和不产孢梗束型。孢梗束浓密型对小菜蛾的致病性最高,平均达到88.9%,其中XS.1菌株,对小菜蛾幼虫的致死率达到98%;孢梗束稀疏型次之,为68.4%;不产孢梗束型最差,仅35%。系统发育聚类树分析表明,在环链棒束孢菌株中,致病性较高的菌株,如XS.1,XS.2和SL.7等聚在一亚分支内,致病性低的菌株8.02和468.10聚在一起;不产孢梗束的两个菌株8.02和468.10聚在一个亚支。这些结果表明环链棒束孢菌株间具有明显的种内遗传变异性。孢梗束形成与小菜蛾的致病死亡率有相关性。孢梗束的形成可作为高致病性菌株选择的一个重要指标。     

糖苷内切酶法合成带有均一糖链的糖蛋白和糖肽

糖基化作用是真核生物蛋白翻译后修饰的重要环节,糖链对于蛋白质的结构和功能有重要影响。目前,合成带有均一糖链的糖蛋白和糖肽的策略主要有:(1)利用糖基化的氨基酸进行固相或液相合成。(2)将氨基化的寡糖链直接与预先合成的带有糖基化位点的多肽相结合。(3)利用糖基转移酶和糖苷酶的化学酶法合成策略。以上三种方法,都有各自的优点和不足。相对而言,利用微生物来源的β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷内切酶(ENGase)合成策略是目前发展较快且更具实践意义的方法。糖苷内切酶法合成策略的研究进展包括:(1)ENGase催化机制的研究。(2)糖基供体的研究。(3)ENGase突变体的研究。(4)糖苷内切酶法的应用。     

Chemical Constituents of the Roots of Anemone altaica Fisch. ex C. A. Mey.

The roots of Anemone altaica Fisch. ex C. A. Mey. have been used in the treatment of epilepsia, neurasthenia, and arthritis in Chinese folk medicine for a long time. In order to find new and bioactive compounds, the chemical constituents of the roots of A. altaica were investigated and nine compounds were isolated from the EtOH extract of this plant. On the basis of spectroscopic methods, the structures of these compounds were elucidated as 4-（9H-β-carbolin- 1-yl）-4-oxo-butyric acid （1）, carboxymethyl isoferulate （2）, isoferulic acid （3）, cirsiumaldehyde （4）, 5-hydroxy-4-oxo-pentanoic acid （5）, triacontane （6）, palmic acid （7）, β-sitosterol （8）, and daucosterol （9）. Among them, 1 and 2 were new compounds, and 3 and 4 were obtained from this genus for the first time.     

Immunolocalization of Arabinogalactan Proteins and Pectins in Floral Buds of Cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.） During Sex Determination

Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) and pectins were detected in the floral buds of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.) during its sex determination using the following monoclonal antibodies: MAC 207(recognizes AGP epitopes); JIM 8 (recognizes a subset ofAGP epitopes); and JIM 5 and JIM 7 (epitopes of pectins esterified to various degrees). In the stem apex meristem (SAM) of the cucumber, epitopes of MAC 207, JIM 7, and JIM 5 were localized in the cells from second to third peripheral layers when the sex organ primodium began to differentiate; epitopes of MAC 207 and JIM 5 were also detected in the ragged edge cells. A very dense labeling signal with MAC 207 was observed in the carpel and pistil primodium. The AGP epitopes recognized by JIM 8 were localized in the anther of the male flower and the anther-like portion of the stagnant stamen of the female flower. This suggests that the AGPs and pectins in the SAM of the cucumber are closely associated with the differentiation of the SAM, from meristematic cells to floral primodium. The subset of AGPs recognized by JIM 8 may play an important role in stamen formation.