禿杉组织培养研究

本文详细报道了从秃杉(Taiwania flousiana Gaussen)离体胚诱导不定芽、不定根及从无菌苗茎端培养再生植株的过程。诱导不定芽要求较低的蔗糖浓度(以3％最好);同时BA是必须的,在附加0.1—3 mg/1 BA的White培养基上,从离体胚的子叶或胚轴上诱导了不定芽的发生(以1 mg/1最好);NAA与BA结合使用,对不定芽诱导无促进作用;适当提高光照有利于不定芽的诱导。在诱导不定芽的同时,在子叶表面还观察到有许多无结构的“不定突起”。不定芽起源于子叶表皮下1—2层细胞。IBA对诱导离体胚上产生不定根效果较好。在有或无生长素的培养基上,从生长1月龄的无菌苗茎端培养获得了不定根的产生,在加有细胞分裂索的培养基上,从无菌苗上产生了腋芽。     

草鱼免疫应答的初步研究

研究了草鱼在不同水温条件下受抗原刺激后其中和抗体的变化。15℃培养条件下中和抗体上升缓慢,9周内滴度低于1:8;20℃时,3周后抗体可上升到1:256,最高达1:5270,而在25℃时,1周中和抗体即达到1:570,最高可达1:20000以上。并探索了从草鱼血清中提纯抗体的条件,研究其抗体的特性。草鱼血清中的抗体为大分子蛋白,容易解离为抗原性相同,分子量近似于人IgG的较小分子,含有较多的二硫键,具有类似IgM的某些特性。     

3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶胍变性时的活力及构象变化

酵母3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶在盐酸胍溶液中的内源荧光及剩余活力的变化结果提示:apo酶及holo酶的活力在胍浓度为0.5M左右可完全丧失.同时伴有内源荧光强度的下降,光谱宽度的增加和335nm最大发射峰的红移(提示了色氨酸残基的暴露).与已经报导的肌肉酶(内源荧光强度在胍浓度为0.4—1.2M范围相对稳定)不同,酵母酶内源荧光在此浓度范围内表现为逐渐降低.在0.7M胍溶液中,内源荧光变化动力学过程只能测出一相,而酶失活动力学过程为快慢两相,快相动力学速度常数至少大于内源荧光降低速度常数三个数量级以上.以上结果提示:低浓度胍可引起该酶的完全失活,活性部位的空间构象比酶分子的构象更易受到变性剂的扰乱;有一个色氨酸残基位于或靠近酶的活性部位.     

急进高海拔时健康人夜间睡眠、呼吸状态和血氧饱和度的变化

在海拔2300m选择健康成年男性5人,急进抵海拔4660m,用多导监测仪分别在两地连续7h监测夜间睡眠、呼吸状态和血氧饱和度变化,进行自身对比。结果发现:(1)急进高海拔后,总睡眠时间、有效睡眠指数、Ⅲ～Ⅳ期深睡眠均较中度高原减少(p<0.01);总觉醒时间、Ⅰ～Ⅱ期浅睡眠高海拔较中度高原增多(p<0.05):(2)急进高海拔后,有3名健康人出现周期性呼吸,其中1名健康者出现周期性呼吸119次,伴有中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停,最低Sao_2为78％;(3)同海拔高度夜间睡眠时与清醒时Sao_2相比较,中度高原下降4.2％,高海拔下降11.2％(p<0.01);高海拔与中度高原夜间清醒时Sao_2相比较下降7.4％,睡眠时下降14.4％(p<0.001)。结果提示:(1)睡眠加重了高原人原有的低氧血症;(2)低氧血症导致睡眠结构的紊乱和睡眠质量的降低;(3)睡眠中出现的周期性呼吸,应视为机体的一种自我保护机制;(4)频发的周期性呼吸或睡眠呼吸暂停将影响大脑机能。     

多肽的α螺旋结构对多肽与钙调蛋白亲合力的影响

本文设计并采用固相法合成了4种钙调蛋白可结合多肽,这些多肽分成两组,每一组中两个多肽的碱性和疏水性相近,但形成α螺旋结构的倾向(预测)不同。研究了这些多肽与钙调蛋白的相互作用,在Ca~(2+)存在下,这些多肽与丹磺酰钙调蛋白结合,使丹磺酰钙调蛋白的荧光光谱发生显著变化,测定了多肽与钙调蛋白所形成的复合物的解离常数。结果表明,预测形成α螺旋结构倾向较大的多肽与钙调蛋白的亲合力也较大。     

cDNAs encoding members of a family of proteins related to human sterol carrier protein 2 and assignment of the gene to human chromosome 1 p21----pter.

Sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP2) is believed to play a key role in intracellular lipid movement. Here we report the cloning and nucleotide sequences of cDNAs encoding SCP2-related proteins of 58.85 kD and 30.8 kD and the assignment of the SCP2 gene to human chromosome 1 p21-pter. The SCP2-related proteins share common deduced carboxyl amino acid sequences with SCP2 and the cDNAs have a common 3' untranslated nucleotide sequence. The mRNAs encoding these proteins increased in a coordinate fashion as human placental cytotrophoblasts differentiated into syncytiotrophoblasts in culture. Our observations document the existence of a family of related proteins encoded by the human SCP2 gene.     

A comparison of neural networks and partial least squares for deconvoluting fluorescence spectra

This article compares backpropagation neural networks (BNN) with partial least squares (PLS) techniques in terms of their ability to deconvolute fluorescence spectra. Both actual experimental and simulated spectral data are studied for 2 binary systems. These systems consist of mixtures of tryptophan and tyrosine, and NADH and tryptophan over a total concentration range of 10(-7) to 10(-4) M. It is shown that BNN is superior to PLS for both systems.     

Enhanced Sensitivity to Ethylene in Nitrogen- or Phosphate-Starved Roots of Zea mays L. during Aerenchyma Formation

Adventitious roots of maize (Zea mays L. cv TX 5855), grown in a well-oxygenated nutrient solution, were induced to form cortical gas spaces (aerenchyma) by temporarily omitting nitrate and ammonium (-N), or phosphate (-P), from the solution. Previously this response was shown (MC Drew, CJ He, PW Morgan [1989] Plant Physiology 91: 266-271) to be associated with a slower rate of ethylene biosynthesis, contrasting with the induction of aerenchyma by hypoxia during which ethylene production is strongly stimulated. In the present paper, we show that aerenchyma formation induced by nutrient starvation was blocked, under noninjurious conditions, by addition of low concentrations of Ag⁺, an inhibitor of ethylene action, or of aminoethoxyvinyl glycine, an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis. When extending roots were exposed to low concentrations of ethylene in air sparged through the nutrient solution, N or P starvation enhanced the sensitivity to exogenous ethylene at concentrations as low as 0.05 microliters ethylene per liter air, promoting a more rapid and extensive formation of aerenchyma than in unstarved roots. We conclude that temporary deprivation of N or P enhances the sensitivity of ethylene-responsive cells of the root cortex, leading to cell lysis and aerenchyma.     

Molecular cloning and mapping of phenol degradation genes from Bacillus stearothermophilus FDTP-3 and their expression in Escherichia coli.

Two genes of the meta pathway of phenol degradation were cloned from a phenol-utilizing strain of Bacillus stearothermophilus and were mapped by subcloning and by use of a Tn5 insertion mutation. They code for phenol hydroxylase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase, respectively. The gene encoding catechol 2,3-dioxygenase, which is more thermostable than catechol 2,3-dioxygenase encoded by the other gene, shares rather limited homology with that from Pseudomonas putida.