全文获取类型
收费全文 | 9276篇 |
免费 | 612篇 |
国内免费 | 656篇 |
专业分类
10544篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 25篇 |
2023年 | 105篇 |
2022年 | 247篇 |
2021年 | 445篇 |
2020年 | 310篇 |
2019年 | 377篇 |
2018年 | 370篇 |
2017年 | 271篇 |
2016年 | 348篇 |
2015年 | 566篇 |
2014年 | 669篇 |
2013年 | 721篇 |
2012年 | 819篇 |
2011年 | 769篇 |
2010年 | 449篇 |
2009年 | 421篇 |
2008年 | 474篇 |
2007年 | 396篇 |
2006年 | 367篇 |
2005年 | 306篇 |
2004年 | 260篇 |
2003年 | 236篇 |
2002年 | 186篇 |
2001年 | 176篇 |
2000年 | 152篇 |
1999年 | 142篇 |
1998年 | 104篇 |
1997年 | 95篇 |
1996年 | 83篇 |
1995年 | 72篇 |
1994年 | 84篇 |
1993年 | 69篇 |
1992年 | 72篇 |
1991年 | 66篇 |
1990年 | 66篇 |
1989年 | 52篇 |
1988年 | 32篇 |
1987年 | 35篇 |
1986年 | 22篇 |
1985年 | 27篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 16篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
Immunization of mice with a synthetic GM3-lactam-BSA (bovine serum albumin) conjugate (designed to emulate the corresponding natural GM3-lactone conjugate), followed by fusion of splenocytes with myeloma cells, gave rise to more than 300 monoclonal hybridomas producing antibodies to GM3-lactam-BSA, which did not react with Glc-BSA and BSA. Eight antibody clones were randomly chosen from the positive 300 hybridomas. The eight clones, all belonging to the IgG class, were unreactive against GM3-ganglioside, whereas two antibodies (P5-1 and P5-3, both IgG1, ) reacted with GM3-ganglioside lactone. Binding of these two antibodies to the GM3-lactam-BSA conjugate was inhibited by soluble glycosides of GM2-, GM3-, and GM4-lactam and by GM3- and GM4-lactam, respectively, but not by Gb3 or asialo-GM1 and GM2-saccharides. A third antibody (P3; IgG2b, ) was inhibited by GM2-, GM3-, and GM4-lactam, but did not recognize GM3-ganglioside lactone. 相似文献
12.
Summary The organization and distribution of microfilaments (MFs) in the preprophase bands (PPBs) of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. var. Maryland Mammoth) root tip cells were studied with high pressure freezing and freeze-substitution methods. MFs were present predominantly as single filaments interspersed among microtubules (MTs) throughout the PPB. Some MFs appeared to be associated with MTs, whereas others were not. This is the first time that MFs have been demonstrated in the PPB at the electron microscope level. 相似文献
13.
Ding W. Wu John G. Duman Chi-Hing C. Cheng Francis J. Castellino 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1991,161(3):271-278
Summary Four antifreeze proteins (AFPs) were purified from larvae of the beetle Dendroides canadensis. The AFPs are similar in amino acid compositions, having high contents of hydrophilic amino acids (45–55 mol%) and cysteine (16 mol% Cys). Approximately half of the Cys residues form disulfide bridges, and both the disulfide bridges and free sulfhydryls are essential for activity. The N-terminals of the AFPs are blocked. The pH optimum of the AFPs is 7.8, but major loss of activity occurred only at very high pH (12.0). The detergents SDS and Triton X-100 did not inactivate the AFPs. Circular dichroism spectra indicate the presence of both and secondary structures in the AFPs, in addition to a large random structure component.Abbreviations
AFP
antifreeze protein
-
CD
circular dichroism
-
DTT
dithiothreitol
-
HPLC
high pressure liquid chromatography
-
PAGE
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
-
PAS
periodic acid Schiff
-
SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate
-
TFA
trifluoroacetic acid 相似文献
14.
15.
The UDS induced in cultured FL cells by exposure to chemicals was measured as hydroxyurea-resistant incorporation of 3H-TdR in the acid-insoluble fraction of the 14C-TdR-prelabelled cells synchronized by the combination of arginine starvation and pretreatment with hydroxyurea. The level of UDS is represented by the ratios of 3H/14C radioactivities which are measures of specific activities of 3H. Two direct-acting alkylating agents, MMS and MNNG, a cross-linking agent, mitomycin C, and 3 procarcinogens, B(a)P, AFB1 and cyclophosphamide elicited UDS in the absence or presence of the liver-metabolizing system. Three chemicals of unknown carcinogenicity were also able to induce UDS in this assay system, i.e., bis-(O,O-diethylphosphinothioyl)-disulphide, 4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid (sodium salt) and caramelized malt sugar. With the exception of 4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid, they were also active in the Ames test. 相似文献
16.
17.
钐在小鼠肝脏细胞中的动态观察 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
It is generally considered that the rare earth compounds are plasma membrane-impermeable, thus affecting the cells only on their surface. Recently, we found that after repeated injections to mice of large dose of samarium trichloride, a soluble compound of rare earth, samarium aggregates appeared in Kupffer cells and hepatocytes of liver. In this study, we aimed at observing the route by which samarium enters the liver cells and the process of the formation of samarium aggregates. Samarium trichloride was given to Swiss mice at one dose of 70 mg/kg intravenously. Thereafter, at different intervals from 15 min to 48 h after the injection, the samarium in liver was traced dynamically by electron microscopy and X ray microanalysis. From 15 min to 2 h both Kupffer cells and hepatocytes endocytosed samarium-containing particles and formed phagosomes, in which the ingested particles were progressively concentrated. Besides, the small phagosomes fused with each other. Phagocytosis was especially active in Kupffer cells. During the 4 h to 24 h many Kupffer cells were degenerated and broken. In hepatocytes the phagosomes gathered mostly around the bile canaliculi. Groups of highly electron-dense particles were found in the lumen of bile canaliculi, implying the excretion of samarium by bile. At the 48 h, the samarium-containing phagosomies were found still in both kinds of cells in the liver. 相似文献
18.
The mass transfer in a hemodialyser in the presence of combined dialysis and ultrafiltration has been calculated by integration of mass fluxes across the boundary layers in blood and dialysate phase taking into account the partial rejection of solute as well as changes in local blood flow and ultrafiltration flux along the membrane. Clearances of creatinin, vitamin B12, and myoglobin have been calculated as a function of blood and ultrafiltrate flow rate and were found to be in good agreement with in vitro measurements. The data suggest the following empirical correlation for the hemodiafiltration clearance. 相似文献
19.
20.
昆虫是森林生态系统中的重要组成部分。由于森林中枯枝落叶较多,生境复杂,为昆虫提供了良好的繁殖和栖息场所;因而在森林中昆虫的种类多,数量大。大多数昆虫都以森林 相似文献