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101.
102.
Satoshi Shibata Takeshi Nishijima Takahiro Aoki Yoshinari Tanabe Katsuji Teruya Yoshimi Kikuchi Toshiaki Kikuchi Shinichi Oka Hiroyuki Gatanaga 《PloS one》2015,10(9)
Background
The current guidelines recommend 21-day adjunctive corticosteroid therapy for HIV-1-infected pneumocystis pneumonia patients (HIV-PCP) with moderate-to-severe disease. Whether shorter adjunctive corticosteroid therapy is feasible in such patients is unknown.Methods
We conducted a retrospective study to elucidate the proportion of patients with moderate and severe HIV-PCP who required adjunctive corticosteroid therapy for 21 days. The enrollment criteria included HIV-PCP that fulfilled the current criteria for 21-day corticosteroid therapy; PaO2 on room air of <70mmHg or A-aDO2 ≥35 mmHg.Results
The median duration of corticosteroid therapy in the 73 study patients was 13 days (IQR 9–21). Adjunctive corticosteroid therapy was effective and discontinued within 10 and 14 days in 30% and 60% of the patients, respectively. Only 9% of the patients with moderate HIV-PCP (n = 22, A-aDO2 35–45 mmHg) received steroids for >14 days, whereas 35% of the patients with severe HIV-PCP (n = 51, A-aDO2 ≥45 mmHg) required corticosteroid therapy for ≥21 days. Four (13%) of the severe cases died, whereas no patient with moderate disease died. Among patients with severe HIV-PCP, discontinuation of corticosteroid therapy within 14 days correlated significantly with higher baseline CD4 (p = 0.049).Conclusion
Shorter adjunctive corticosteroid therapy was clinically effective and adjunctive corticosteroid could be discontinued within 14 days in 60% of moderate-to-severe HIV-PCP and 90% of moderate cases. 相似文献103.
Masahiro Nakatochi Yasunori Ushida Yoshinari Yasuda Yasuko Yoshida Shun Kawai Ryuji Kato Toru Nakashima Masamitsu Iwata Yachiyo Kuwatsuka Masahiko Ando Nobuyuki Hamajima Takaaki Kondo Hiroaki Oda Mutsuharu Hayashi Sawako Kato Makoto Yamaguchi Shoichi Maruyama Seiichi Matsuo Hiroyuki Honda 《PloS one》2015,10(2)
Although many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified to be associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), there was only a slight improvement in the ability to predict future MetS by the simply addition of SNPs to clinical risk markers. To improve the ability to predict future MetS, combinational effects, such as SNP—SNP interaction, SNP—environment interaction, and SNP—clinical parameter (SNP × CP) interaction should be also considered. We performed a case-control study to explore novel SNP × CP interactions as risk markers for MetS based on health check-up data of Japanese male employees. We selected 99 SNPs that were previously reported to be associated with MetS and components of MetS; subsequently, we genotyped these SNPs from 360 cases and 1983 control subjects. First, we performed logistic regression analyses to assess the association of each SNP with MetS. Of these SNPs, five SNPs were significantly associated with MetS (P < 0.05): LRP2 rs2544390, rs1800592 between UCP1 and TBC1D9, APOA5 rs662799, VWF rs7965413, and rs1411766 between MYO16 and IRS2. Furthermore, we performed multiple logistic regression analyses, including an SNP term, a CP term, and an SNP × CP interaction term for each CP and SNP that was significantly associated with MetS. We identified a novel SNP × CP interaction between rs7965413 and platelet count that was significantly associated with MetS [SNP term: odds ratio (OR) = 0.78, P = 0.004; SNP × CP interaction term: OR = 1.33, P = 0.001]. This association of the SNP × CP interaction with MetS remained nominally significant in multiple logistic regression analysis after adjustment for either the number of MetS components or MetS components excluding obesity. Our results reveal new insight into platelet count as a risk marker for MetS. 相似文献
104.
Yoshinari Sakaki Fuminari Kaneko Kota Watanabe Takuma Kobayashi Masaki Katayose Nobuhiro Aoki Eriko Shibata Toshihiko Yamashita 《Journal of electromyography and kinesiology》2013,23(6):1362-1369
PurposeWe compared electromyography (EMG) recorded from the shoulder joint muscles in the same position for different movement directions.MethodsFifteen healthy subjects participated. They performed shoulder elevation from 0° to 120°, shoulder depression from 120° to 0°, shoulder horizontal adduction from ?15° to 105°, and shoulder horizontal abduction from 105° to ?15°. The target positions were 90° shoulder elevation in the 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° planes (0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° positions). EMG signals were recorded from the supraspinatus (SSP) muscle by fine-wire electrodes. EMG signals from the infraspinatus (ISP), anterior deltoid, middle deltoid, and posterior deltoid muscles were recorded using active surface electrodes.ResultsDuring elevation and horizontal abduction, the SSP showed significantly higher activity than that shown during depression and during horizontal adduction in the 0°, 30°, and 60° positions. During elevation, the ISP showed significantly higher activity than during depression and during horizontal adduction in the 90° position. During horizontal abduction, the ISP showed significantly higher activity than during depression in the 90° position.ConclusionsWhen the movement tasks were performed in different movement directions at the same speed, each muscle showed characteristic activity. 相似文献
105.
Yoshinari Moriguchi Hidetoshi Yomogida Hiroyoshi Iwata Makoto Takahashi Hideaki Taira Yoshihiko Tsumura 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2011,7(5):1089-1097
To evaluate the effects of pollen contamination from outside of Cryptomeria japonica seed orchard on the growth performance (height and diameter at breast height, DBH) and morphological traits (stem straightness
and basal stem straightness), paternity testing using seven microsatellite markers was performed in a progeny test. In the
studied progeny test, high rates of inconsistency were found between the observed and expected genotypes. The average rates
of pollen contamination from outside the orchard and self-fertilization were 58.47% and 0.65%, respectively. We divided the
individuals of the studied progeny test into two groups based on their genotype data, for which: (1) both parents were elite
trees and (2) only the mother trees were elite trees, and then compared them with respect to the growth performance and morphological
traits of progenies using data at 20 and 30 years old. Significant adverse effects of contaminating pollen were detected in
relation to straightness, but not tree height and DBH. The results suggest that the genetic gains for straightness generally
show higher narrow-sense heritability than growth traits, which should be increased by reduction of pollen contamination.
Breeding with paternal analysis (BWPA) is an effective approach for evaluating breeding materials based on maternal and paternal
information revealed by DNA markers. The use of BWPA in progeny test allows effective forward- and backward selection without
laborious and time-consuming tasks. In this study, we also suggest that the significant pollen contamination and paternal
deviation found in the open-pollinated progeny test are serious impediments for BWPA. 相似文献
106.
Asally M Yasuda Y Oka M Otsuka S Yoshimura SH Takeyasu K Yoneda Y 《The FEBS journal》2011,278(4):610-621
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is the only gateway for molecular trafficking across the nuclear envelope. The NPC is not merely a static nuclear-cytoplasmic transport gate; the functional analysis of nucleoporins has revealed dynamic features of the NPC in various cellular functions, such as mitotic spindle formation and protein modification. However, it is not known whether the NPC undergoes dynamic changes during biological processes such as cell differentiation. In the present study, we evaluate changes in the expression levels of several nucleoporins and show that the amount of Nup358/RanBP2 within individual NPCs increases during muscle differentiation in C2C12 cells. Using atomic force microscopy, we demonstrate structural differences between the cytoplasmic surfaces of myoblast and myotube NPCs and a correlation between the copy number of Nup358 and the NPC structure. Furthermore, small interfering RNA-mediated depletion of Nup358 in myoblasts suppresses myotube formation without affecting cell viability, suggesting that NUP358 plays a role in myogenesis. These findings indicate that the NPC undergoes dynamic remodeling during muscle cell differentiation and that Nup358 is prominently involved in the remodeling process. 相似文献
107.
Mitsugu Yamada Taro Tamada Kazuki Takeda Fumiko Matsumoto Hiraku Ohno Masayuki Kosugi Kiyofumi Takaba Yoshinari Shoyama Shigenobu Kimura Ryota Kuroki Kunio Miki 《Journal of molecular biology》2013
NADH-Cytochrome b5 reductase (b5R), a flavoprotein consisting of NADH and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) binding domains, catalyzes electron transfer from the two-electron carrier NADH to the one-electron carrier cytochrome b5 (Cb5). The crystal structures of both the fully reduced form and the oxidized form of porcine liver b5R were determined. In the reduced b5R structure determined at 1.68 Å resolution, the relative configuration of the two domains was slightly shifted in comparison with that of the oxidized form. This shift resulted in an increase in the solvent-accessible surface area of FAD and created a new hydrogen-bonding interaction between the N5 atom of the isoalloxazine ring of FAD and the hydroxyl oxygen atom of Thr66, which is considered to be a key residue in the release of a proton from the N5 atom. The isoalloxazine ring of FAD in the reduced form is flat as in the oxidized form and stacked together with the nicotinamide ring of NAD+. Determination of the oxidized b5R structure, including the hydrogen atoms, determined at 0.78 Å resolution revealed the details of a hydrogen-bonding network from the N5 atom of FAD to His49 via Thr66. Both of the reduced and oxidized b5R structures explain how backflow in this catalytic cycle is prevented and the transfer of electrons to one-electron acceptors such as Cb5 is accelerated. Furthermore, crystallographic analysis by the cryo-trapping method suggests that re-oxidation follows a two-step mechanism. These results provide structural insights into the catalytic cycle of b5R. 相似文献
108.
Kimihiro Abe Akira Yoshinari Takahiro Aoyagi Yasunori Hirota Keito Iwamoto Tsutomu Sato 《Molecular microbiology》2013,90(2):415-427
Temperate phages can integrate their genomes into a specific region of a host chromosome to produce lysogens (prophage). During genome insertion, prophages may interrupt the gene coding sequence. In Bacillus subtilis, the sigma factor gene sigK is interrupted by a 48 kb prophage‐like element. sigK is a composite coding sequence from two partial genes during sporulation. For over two decades, however, no further examples of DNA element‐mediated gene reconstitution other than sigK have been identified in spore formers. Here we report that the gene for dipicolinic acid (DPA) synthetase β subunit spoVFB in B. weihenstephanensis KBAB4 is interrupted by a prophage‐like element named vfbin. DPA is synthesized in the mother cell and required for maintaining spore dormancy. We found that spoVFB was a composite coding sequence generated in the mother cell via chromosomal rearrangement that excised vfbin. Furthermore, vfbin caused excision after phage‐inducer treatment, but vfbin appeared to be defective as a prophage. We also found various spore‐forming bacteria in which sporulation‐related genes were disrupted by prophage‐like DNA elements. These results demonstrate the first example of a similar mechanism that affects a sporulation gene other than sigK and suggest that this prophage‐mediated DNA rearrangement is a common phenomenon in spore‐forming bacteria. 相似文献
109.
Hiroyuki Tanabe Yoshinari Kobayashi 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(11):2779-2784
In a comparison of the crude enzyme secreted by the bacterium Erwinia carotovora FERM P-7576 with the corresponding purified overall endo-pectate lyase (endo-PATE) pI (isoelectric point)-isozymes on a basis of equal activity and constitution, the former was found to have higher maceration activity for biochemical pulping of caustic soda-presoaked mitsumata (Edgeworthia papyrifera Sieb. et Zucc) bast than the latter. These results indicate that some additional enzyme (s) other than endo-PATE are required for the maceration. Focusing on the maceration activity, the intensive purification of the crude enzyme was conducted and another maceration factor was successfully isolated, which was identified as endo-pectin lyase (endo-PNTE). The isolated endo-PNTE was found to have a molecular weight of 39,000, pI of 8.2 and a specific activity of 7,911 units/mg. The enzymatic maceration of this bast fiber was concluded to be due only to a concerted action of these two enzymes. 相似文献
110.
Takamaru Nagata Masaki Sakamoto Yoshinari Tanaka Takayuki Hanazato 《Hydrobiologia》2011,665(1):263-266
Egg resistance against the digestive process of a predator is an effective strategy for zooplankton to compensate population
loss due to predation. Parthenogenetic eggs of the rotiferan Brachionus urceolaris, which were ingested by the predatory cladoceran Leptodora kindtii, were expelled from the feeding basket of the predator without digestion. We found a negative correlation between the unconsumed
ratio of eggs after ingestion and body length of the predator. As high as 75% of the unconsumed eggs successfully hatched
and the hatch ratio was independent of body length of L. kindtii. Our results indicate that the rotifer has an effective strategy to maintain its population in the environment with abundant
invertebrate predators. 相似文献