种子萌发和幼苗生长对沙丘环境的适应机制

综述了植物沙生适应机制的研究及其进展.一些植物的种子在刚成熟时具有休眠特性.种子需要适度沙埋促进萌发并实现幼苗定居,但过度沙埋则会抑制种子萌发和出苗.在沙层深处,没有萌发的种子会进入休眠状态,形成土壤种子库.幼苗通过增加节数和延长节间来适应沙埋.沙埋深度超过植物的忍耐限度会抑制幼苗生长,甚至导致幼苗死亡.沙生植物必须适应其他环境因子,如盐风与土壤盐分、昆虫采食、土壤养分亏缺等,才能在沙丘上成功生长.沙蚀可导致幼苗根系暴露并干燥脱水.一些沙漠植物的幼苗在萌发后可忍耐一段时期的干燥,水分条件得到满足之后,幼苗能够恢复生长.     

高寒沙地乌柳防护林碳库随林龄的变化

植被恢复是改善脆弱生态系统的有效方式。长期的植被恢复能够提高沙地生态系统的服务功能。以青海共和高寒沙地不同林龄乌柳(Salix cheilophila)防护林生态系统为研究对象,研究植被恢复过程中植被碳库与土壤碳库的动态变化,探讨乌柳防护林生态系统的碳汇功能。结果表明:随林龄增加,乌柳各组分碳浓度变化规律并不显著(P0.05),而碳贮量显著增加(P0.05),且不同林龄乌柳各组分碳库的分配比例不同,树干碳贮量占林分碳贮量的百分比最高。各林龄(6、11、16、21a)乌柳林碳贮量分别为4.95、9.93、14.67 t/hm2和21.99 t/hm2。土壤碳库随植被恢复时间的增加而增加,各林龄土壤碳库(0—200cm)分别为9.54、13.03、17.18和19.05 t/hm2。较之6、11a土壤碳库增加26.78%,16a较之11a提高24.16%,21a较16a提高9.82%。地被物层(植被残体)固碳量分别为0.27、0.29、0.33、0.43 t/hm2。不同林龄乌柳林生态系统碳库分别为14.76、23.25、32.18 t/hm2和41.48 t/hm2。各林龄乌柳植被层碳库分别占该林龄总碳库的33.54%、42.71%、45.59%和53.01%,土壤碳库分别占该林龄总碳库的64.63%、56.04%、53.39%和45.93%,而地被物层分别占该林龄总碳库的1.83%、1.25%、1.03%和1.03%。较之恢复前的,各林龄碳库依次增加57.05%、36.52%、27.75%和22.42%。植被恢复各阶段年净碳累积速率分别为1.41、1.70、1.79、1.86 t C hm-2a-1。乌柳防护林生态系统具有"碳汇"功能。     

不同草田轮作模式土壤养分及细菌群落组成特征

为研究不同草田轮作模式下土壤养分及细菌群落的组成特征,以5年紫花苜蓿-1年小麦(A5W1)、5年紫花苜蓿-1年玉米(A5C1)、5年紫花苜蓿-2年小麦(A5W2)和5年紫花苜蓿-2年玉米(A5C2)草田轮作模式为对象,测定了土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,在此基础上,基于16S rRNA基因序列扩增子测序研究了4种轮作模式下耕层土壤细菌群落组成特征。结果表明:轮作第2年各土壤养分含量较第1年显著下降。细菌组成研究结果显示,4种轮作模式下占优势的菌门为变形菌门、放线菌门和厚壁菌门。土壤细菌群落优势属以丙酸杆菌属(Propionibacterium)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、链球菌属(Streptococcus)以及奈瑟氏球菌属(Neisseria)为主。土壤细菌多样性以A5C2轮作处理最高,A5C1最低;聚类分析显示A5W1和A5C1的组成最接近,其次是A5C2,A5W2的组成与前两者相差较大。土壤养分含量与几种优势属之间呈显著相关性(P0.05 or P0.01)。研究结果揭示了河西走廊灌溉区种植紫花苜蓿多年后轮作小麦和玉米改善土壤肥力和防治某些土传植物病害微生物的机理。     

Flavonoid biosynthesis in four Dendrobium species based on transcriptome sequencing and metabolite analysis

Molecular Biology Reports - Dendrobium is a genus of plants used as traditional Chinese herbal medicines, with high economic and medicinal value. To reveal the mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis...     

Different Effects of Spring and Summer Droughts on Ecosystem Carbon and Water Exchanges in a Semiarid Shrubland Ecosystem in Northwest China

Ecosystems - Extensive revegetation and conservation programs have been initiated in semiarid desert areas in northern China for over 10 years. However, our knowledge on how drought...     

Apamin-Sensitive K<Superscript>+</Superscript> Current Upregulation in Volume-Overload Heart Failure is Associated with the Decreased Interaction of CK2 with SK2

Recent studies have shown that the sensitivity of apamin-sensitive K⁺ current (I _KAS, mediated by apamin-sensitive small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels subunits) to intracellular Ca²⁺ is increased in heart failure (HF), leading to I _KAS upregulation, action potential duration shortening, early after depolarization, and recurrent spontaneous ventricular fibrillation. We hypothesized that casein kinase 2 (CK2) interacted with small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (SK) is decreased in HF, and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is increased on the opposite, upregulating the sensitivity of I _KAS to intracellular Ca²⁺ in HF. Rat model of volume-overload HF was established by an abdominal arteriovenous fistula procedure. The expression of SK channels, PP2A and CK2 was detected by Western blot analysis. Interaction and colocalization of CK2 with SK channel were detected by co-immunoprecipitation analysis and double immunofluorescence staining. In HF rat left ventricle, SK3 was increased by 100 % (P < 0.05), and SK2 was not significantly changed. PP2A protein was increased by 94.7 % in HF rats (P < 0.05), whereas the level of CK2 was almost unchanged. We found that CK2 colocalized with SK2 and SK3 in rat left ventricle. With anti-CK2α antibody, SK2 and SK3 were immunoprecipitated, the level of precipitated SK2 decreased by half, whereas precipitated SK3 was almost unchanged. In conclusion, the increased expression of total PP2A and decreased interaction of CK2 with SK2 may underlie enhanced sensitivity of I _KAS to intracellular Ca²⁺ in volume-overload HF rat.