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101.
多级逆流工艺促进城市污泥厌氧发酵生产挥发性脂肪酸 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用一种新型的厌氧发酵工艺——多级逆流发酵工艺对城市污泥进行厌氧发酵, 实现高效产挥发性脂肪酸的目的。结果表明, 实验条件下应用多级逆流发酵工艺, 挥发性脂肪酸浓度与产率分别达到(10.5±0.5) g/L和0.20 gVFAs/ gVS, 与普通厌氧发酵工艺相比, 分别提高了31%和54%。此外, 在多级逆流工艺中, 底物有机质去除率可达50%, 较普通厌氧发酵提高了37%。进一步分析多级逆流工艺产酸的机制, 发现产酸效率的提高在于降低了发酵产物对厌氧产酸细菌的抑制效应, 并且工艺的VFAs产率以及有机质去除率分别取决于第一级和第三级厌氧发酵过程。因此, 城市污泥采用多级逆流工艺厌氧发酵不仅能够有效促进挥发性脂肪酸的生成, 而且能够较大程度上提高污泥中有机质的去除率。 相似文献
102.
Dynamics of fertilizer-derived organic nitrogen fractions in an arable soil during a growing season 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Huijie Lü Hongbo He Jinsong Zhao Wei Zhang Hongtu Xie Guoqing Hu Xiao Liu Yeye Wu Xudong Zhang 《Plant and Soil》2013,373(1-2):595-607
Background
Inorganic fertilizer is one of the most important anthropogenic inputs which influences soil nutrient turnover in agricultural ecosystems. However, as the key process involved in the maintenance, transformation and stability of soil nitrogen (N), the incorporation and allocation of fertilizer N between different soil organic N (SON) fractions in a growing season remains largely unknown.Methods
In this study, a field experiment was conducted in triplicate of micro-plots and a total of 200 kg N ha?1 (15?N-labeled (NH4)2SO4, 98 atom %) was applied as a basal dressing and two top dressings, at jointing and filling stages, respectively, to a maize crop during one growing season. The distribution and seasonal dynamics of fertilizer N in different SON fractions (i.e., amino acids, amino sugars, hydrolyzable ammonium N and acid insoluble-N) were measured by liquid/gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/GC-MS) and element analysis-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-C-IRMS) techniques. Path analysis was used to evaluate the transformation processes between organic N fractions derived from fertilizer and N supply strategy in soil-plant system.Results
The accumulation of fertilizer-derived N in different organic fractions was season-specific. At jointing stage, preferential enrichment of 15?N was found in soil amino acids plus amino sugars, indicating the active biological immobilization of basal dressing fertilizer N. Nevertheless, there is still a small proportion of fertilizer N stabilized in the acid insoluble fraction. The accumulation of the residual fertilizer N in hydrolyzable ammonium N reached a maximum at filling stage and then declined significantly, implying the rapid release of the fertilizer N remained in mineral forms. The contents of amino acids changed slightly, but they played a very important role in mediating SON transformation.Conclusion
The hydrolyzable ammonium N was a temporary pool for rapid fertilizer N retention and simultaneously was apt to release N for crop uptake in the current season. In contrast, the amino acids could serve as a transitional pool of available N in the soil-crop system, while the acid insoluble fraction was as a stable pool of fertilizer N. Importantly, there is an interim shift among different pools to maintain soil N turnover; hence N in the amino acid fraction mediates N supply and the depolymerization of SON constituents controls the proceeding of fertilizer N cycling in the soil-plant system. 相似文献103.
Reductions of carbonyl groups catalyzed by oxidoreductases are involved in all biological processes and are often a class of important biocatalyst. In this article, we report a novel enzyme designated as diketoreductase (DKR) that was able to reduce two carbonyl groups in a diketo ester to corresponding dihydroxy ester with excellent stereoselectivity. The DKR was cloned from Acinetobacter baylyi by reverse genetic method, heterogeneously expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified to homogeneity by two chromatographic steps. This novel enzyme exhibited dual cofactor specificity, with a preference of NADH over NADPH. The dihydroxy ester product catalyzed by the DKR was only 3R,5S-stereoisomer with both diastereomeric excess and enantiomeric excess values more than 99.5%. In addition, some biochemical properties of the enzyme, such as the optimal pH and temperature, were also characterized. Furthermore, sequence analysis indicated that this new enzyme was homologous to bacterial 3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme-A dehydrogenase. More importantly, based on the unique catalytic activity and excellent stereoselectivity, the DKR could be utilized in the synthesis of valuable chiral drug intermediates, such as Lipitor. 相似文献
104.
运动性骨骼肌疲劳亚细胞机制的探讨 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
本实验采用持续性下坡跑运动,观察大鼠骨骼肌运动后不同时相线粒体形态、代谢、机能等指标的变化,结果表明:大鼠运动后即刻线粒体钙含量、细胞膜丙二醛(MDA)值明显增加,ATP含量和细胞膜Na+,K+-ATP酶活性下降;运动后24h线粒体钙含量、MDA值增加最明显,ATP含量仍未恢复,细胞膜Na+,K+-ATP酶活性基本恢复,线粒体体密度、平均体积比运动前明显增加,比表面缩小;运动后48hATP含量完全恢复,线粒体钙含量、MDA值开始恢复。本研究结果提示,急性运动引起的细胞膜脂质过氧化加强、线粒体形态、代谢机能异常抑制线粒体氧化磷酸化过程、减少ATP生成可能是运动性骨骼肌疲劳的亚细胞机制之一。耐力训练可以通过改善线粒体形态、代谢、机能提高机体的运动能力。 相似文献
105.
106.
107.
Jindong Zhang Vanessa Hull Zhiyun Ouyang Liang He Thomas Connor Hongbo Yang Jinyan Huang Shiqiang Zhou Zejun Zhang Caiquan Zhou Hemin Zhang Jianguo Liu 《Ecology and evolution》2017,7(8):2575-2584
The study of wildlife activity patterns is an effective approach to understanding fundamental ecological and evolutionary processes. However, traditional statistical approaches used to conduct quantitative analysis have thus far had limited success in revealing underlying mechanisms driving activity patterns. Here, we combine wavelet analysis, a type of frequency‐based time‐series analysis, with high‐resolution activity data from accelerometers embedded in GPS collars to explore the effects of internal states (e.g., pregnancy) and external factors (e.g., seasonal dynamics of resources and weather) on activity patterns of the endangered giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Giant pandas exhibited higher frequency cycles during the winter when resources (e.g., water and forage) were relatively poor, as well as during spring, which includes the giant panda's mating season. During the summer and autumn when resources were abundant, pandas exhibited a regular activity pattern with activity peaks every 24 hr. A pregnant individual showed distinct differences in her activity pattern from other giant pandas for several months following parturition. These results indicate that animals adjust activity cycles to adapt to seasonal variation of the resources and unique physiological periods. Wavelet coherency analysis also verified the synchronization of giant panda activity level with air temperature and solar radiation at the 24‐hr band. Our study also shows that wavelet analysis is an effective tool for analyzing high‐resolution activity pattern data and its relationship to internal and external states, an approach that has the potential to inform wildlife conservation and management across species. 相似文献
108.
109.
南京小龙山钾矿区植物根际可培养细菌的遗传多样性分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
摘要:【目的】矿区优势植物可培养细菌生物多样性研究将有助于了解植物根际细菌与矿物,植物根系相互作用及对矿物风化和土壤形成的重要影响。【方法】采用纯培养法分离南京小龙山废钾矿区野生植物野塘蒿,千金子和栽培植物甘薯根内与根周围土壤的可培养细菌, 通过16S rDNA限制性酶切多态性分析(amplified rDNA restriction analysis, ARDRA)和16S rDNA序列分析研究了可培养细菌的多样性。【结果】分离纯化到60株具不同菌落形态的可培养细菌, 在60%相似水平上可分为18个OTU. 19株代表菌株分别属于3个门, 10个科, 11个属。多数菌株属于变形菌门(α-proteobacteria, 4株, 21.1%; β-proteobacteria, 2株, 10.5%; γ-proteobacteria, 6株, 31.6%)。假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas), 泛菌属(Pantoea)和根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)为优势种群。【结论】小龙山废矿区优势植物根围具有丰富的微生物种群多样性。 相似文献
110.
溶剂稳定性蛋白酶产生菌的筛选和鉴定 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
自油污土样等样品中分离获得一株具有产胞外溶剂稳定性蛋白酶的耐有机溶剂极端微生物,经BIOLOG系统鉴定及16S rDNA序列(GenBank,EF105377)分析,该菌株为Bacillus licheniformis YP1。该菌株能耐受中浓度盐、强碱性环境(pH12)及多种不同浓度的有机溶剂,但对多种抗生素敏感。在YP1产蛋白酶发酵过程中添加各种有机溶剂结果表明,丙酮虽抑制了菌体生物量的生长却促进了单位菌体的蛋白酶分泌,而长链烷醇如辛醇、十二醇等能强烈抑制该蛋白酶的分泌。该菌株所产蛋白酶经11种50%(V/V)有机溶剂处理后均能保留高活力。该溶剂稳定性蛋白酶在有机相生物催化等领域具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献