关于苔藓植物染色体研究方法的探讨

目前我国在苔藓植物染色体方面的研究工作尚属空白,其难度也较种子植物要大。作者通过参阅闰外文献,并对数十种不同类型的苔藓植物进行了实验摸索。本文较全面地介绍了包括取材(即孢蒴、茎尖、生长点等)、固定、染色和压片等成功的方法技术问题,以期更多的学者开展该领域的研究工作,促进我国在苔藓植物染色体方面的研究工作。     

Localization of a 24-kilodalton glycoprotein in adult Schistosoma mansoni using immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy

Studies on schistosome protective immune responses have focused mainly on antigens of the parasite's syncytial surface. One of the characterized schistosome antigens, a 24-kDa glycoprotein, has been considered important in mechanisms of immune evasion by the parasites. In the present study, using affinity-purified antibodies to the 24-kDa protein for immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, we demonstrated an association of the 24-kDa antigen with the discoid bodies (the major syncytial inclusion bodies; DBs) and the surface membrane complex (most likely the apical plasma membrane) of adult Schistosoma mansoni. This is consistent with previous observations that the 24-kDa antigen appeared to be localized to the syncytial membrane and DB fractions. The present results also support the suggestion that the DBs are the precursor organelles of the apical plasma membrane.     

血管紧张素Ⅱ中枢加压作用的机制

血管紧张素II(AII)具有中枢加压作用。中枢产生的AII在脑内的作用部位广泛,而外周产生的AII主要通过脑内某些特殊区域起作用。AII的中枢加压作用主要通过以下三条途径实现:(1)中枢性兴奋交感神经;(2)抑制迷走中枢;(3)促进加压素释放。     

记内蒙古Juxia一新种

本文记述了在内蒙古沙拉木伦额尔登敖包地区第三系下渐新统乌兰戈楚组中发现的始巨犀的一个新种:寿氏始巨犀(Juxia shoui)。据其前臼齿及鼻切迹的位置等特点,这一新种当为始巨犀属中比较进步的一个成员,是包氏始巨犀和巨犀之间的过渡类型的犀类动物。     

Biosynthesis of caldariellaquinone in Sulfolobus spp.

The biosynthesis of caldariellaquionone (CQ) was studied in species of Sulfolobus by measuring the incorporation of stable isotopically labeled tyrosines into CQ. By feeding a series of tyrosines labeled with deuterium or 13C and then measuring the extent and position at which label was incorporated into CQ by mass spectrometry, it was shown that more than 95% of the label was incorporated into the benzo[b]thiophen-4,7-quinone moiety of CQ. From the labeling experiments, it is concluded that the benzo[b]thiophen-4,7-quinone is derived as an intact unit from all of the carbons of tyrosine except C-1.     

Functional and phenotypic modifications induced by IL-4, as single agent or in combination with IL-2, on PBMC preactivated in vivo by alpha-interferon + interleukin-2 therapy

The effect of human IL-4, used as a single agent or in combination with low or high dose IL-2, upon LAK-cell proliferation and activation has been tested on PBMC from patients treated with alpha 2-IFN and IL-2. Four days in vitro culture with IL-4 did not induce any LAK-cell activation; IL-4 induced the proliferation of CD3+ CD4+ T-cells, but decreased the percentage of NK cells in culture samples. When combined with high dose IL-2, IL-4 improved the recovery of MN cell without modification of T-cell subsets; however, IL-4 had no major effect on IL-2-induced NK or LAK cell activity. The combination of IL-4 and low dose IL-2 still significantly improved the total MN cell recovery but did not modify the distribution of T and NK lymphocytes; IL-4 inhibited low dose IL-2-induced NK and LAK cell activity, and increased the BL-esterase activity induced by high or low dose IL-2. The combination of IL-4 and IL-2 did not induce any large variation in the percentage of IL-2R (p55) expressing cells. In all tested conditions, IL-2R (p55) was mainly expressed on CD4+ T cells; less than 2% of the cells coexpressed the NK cell marker CD56 and IL-2R (p55). The effect of IL-4 upon IL-2-induced LAK cell expansion is thus very different on PBMC pre-activated in vivo by alpha IFN + IL-2 therapy than on PBMC pre-treated in vitro with IL-2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Heterogeneity of the glutathione transferase genes encoding enzymes responsible for insecticide degradation in the housefly

One of the four glutathione-S-transferases (GST) that is overproduced in the insecticide-resistant Cornell-R strain of the housefly (Musca domestica) produces an activity that degrades the insecticide dimethyl parathion and conjugates glutathione to lindane. In earlier work, it was shown that the resistant Cornell-R carries an amplification, probably a duplication, of one or more of its GST loci and that this amplification is directly related to resistance. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with genomic DNA, multiple copies of the gene encoding the parathion-degrading activity (called MdGst-3) were subcloned from both the ancestral, insecticide-susceptible strain BPM and from the insecticide-resistant Cornell-R. In BPM, three different MdGst-3 genes were identified while in Cornell-R, 12 different MdGst-3 sequences were found that, though closely related to ancestral genes, had diverged by a few nucleotides. This diversity in MdGst-3 genomic sequences in Cornell-R is reflected in the expressed sequences, as sampled through a cDNA bank. Population heterozygosity cannot account for these multiple GST genes. We suggest that selection for resistance to insecticides has resulted in not only amplification of the MdGst-3 genes but also in the divergence of sequence between the amplified copies. Received: 22 November 1995 / Accepted: 23 February 1996     

Replication of a plasmid lacking the normal site for initiation of one strand.

The origin of replication of the plasmid R1162 contains an initiation site for the synthesis of each DNA strand. When one of these sites (oriL) is deleted, synthesis on the corresponding strand is no longer initiated efficiently in vitro by the R1162-encoded replication proteins, and the plasmid is no longer stably maintained in the cell. However, in vivo the two strands of the plasmid duplex molecule are active at a similar level as templates for DNA synthesis, and newly synthesized copies of each strand are incorporated into daughter molecules at a similar rate. No secondary, strong initiation sites on the delta oriL strand were detected in the region of the origin. The delta oriL plasmid induces the SOS response, and this is important for plasmid maintenance even in a recombination-proficient strain. Our results indicate that an SOS-induced host system can maintain an R1162 derivative lacking one of its initiation sites.     

新船叶藓的核型分析

新船叶藓Neodolichomitra robusta(Broth．)Nog．为东亚特有种,其配子体茎尖细胞有丝分裂中期的染色体数为n＝5,核型为K(n)＝5＝4V+1J或K(n)＝5＝4 m+1 sm,在核型分类中属于“2A”型。该研究结果为国内外首次报道。     

马桑菌株的生物学特性

对从湖北、四川、云南等地采集的尼泊尔马桑(Coriaria nepalensis Wall.)根瘤中分离的20株内生菌纯培养物所进行的研究表明,其形态均具有弗兰克氏菌属的特征。在粗细不一的分枝菌丝体上有泡囊和孢囊,有的还有串珠状结构的菌丝体。不同菌株在液体培养基上生长速度很不一致;菌丝体多呈絮状或颗粒状沉淀,个别还呈薄膜状沉淀;绝大多数菌株的菌丝体具有不同色调的色素;在S培养基中大多数都能产生可溶性色素。上述这些培养特征常因培养基成分和培养方式的不同而有差异。大多数菌株的胞壁组分属Ⅱ型,少数菌株为Ⅲ型;全细胞糖型变化很大,20个菌株可划分为6个糖型,而且绝大多数糖型与已知弗兰克氏菌有所不同。此外,有65％的菌株还具有明显的抗菌活性。