MiR-137 knockdown promotes the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells via the LSD1/BMP2/SMAD4 signaling network

MicroRNAs are a group of endogenous regulators that participate in several cellular physiological processes. However, the role of miR-137 in the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) has not been reported. This study verified a general downward trend in miR-137 expression during the osteogenic differentiation of hASCs. MiR-137 knockdown promoted the osteogenesis of hASCs in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, inhibition of miR-137 activated the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)-mothers against the decapentaplegic homolog 4 (SMAD4) pathway, whereas repressed lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 (LSD1), which was confirmed as a negative regulator of osteogenesis in our previous studies. Furthermore, LSD1 knockdown enhanced the expression of BMP2 and SMAD4, suggesting the coordination of LSD1 in the osteogenic regulation of miR-137. This study indicated that miR-137 negatively regulated the osteogenic differentiation of hASCs via the LSD1/BMP2/SMAD4 signaling network, revealing a new potential therapeutic target of hASC-based bone tissue engineering.     

基于VGPM模型和MODIS数据估算梅梁湾浮游植物初级生产力

基于MODIS影像数据反演的2009年2月份至12月份太湖梅梁湾水域表面叶绿素a、悬浮物浓度以及水温数据,结合初级生产力垂向归纳模型(Vertically Generalized Production Model:VGPM)估算获得梅梁湾2009年逐月平均日初级生产力时空分布。结果表明,梅梁湾2009年年平均日初级生产力及逐月平均日初级生产力空间分布差异显著,呈现从湾内向湾口逐渐递减的趋势。时间序列分析显示,梅梁湾初级生产力季节差异显著,夏季>秋季>春季>冬季,全年初级生产力主要集中在夏季,占47.4%。通过分析VGPM模型中几个输入参数对初级生产力的影响,发现悬浮物浓度与标准化初级生产力存在显著负冥函数关系,反映沉积物再悬浮引起的悬浮物浓度增加能降低水体初级生产力。温度对初级生产力也有一定的调控与制约,与初级生产力呈现正相关趋势,在低于21℃的温度范围内与最大光合作用速率呈现正相关。     

白粉菌BGP(TG)在不同抗性草地早熟禾叶片上的侵染过程观察

【背景】草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)白粉病是气传性病害,种植抗病品种是防治白粉病最经济、环保和有效的方法。【目的】明确禾布氏白粉菌BGP(TG)在3个不同抗性草地早熟禾叶片上的侵染过程和乳突在草地早熟禾抗白粉病中起的重要角色。【方法】利用考马斯亮蓝染色结合显微镜观察的方法,对不同抗性的3个草地早熟禾品种进行白粉菌侵染过程观察,统计分生孢子形成次生芽管的速度、吸器和乳突的形成情况,分析白粉菌对不同抗性草地早熟禾侵染过程的差异。【结果】‘探险家’草地早熟禾病症较其他2个品种更为严重,禾布氏白粉菌BGP(TG)侵染不同抗性品种的侵染过程基本一致,但‘探险家’叶片上初生吸器形成早于其他2个品种;接菌1-2 d后,在‘太行’叶表面分生孢子形成5级芽管的速度显著低于‘探险家’和‘黑杰克’;接种1d后,‘太行’草地早熟禾有效乳突形成率显著高于‘黑杰克’(P<0.05),‘黑杰克’有效乳突形成率显著高于‘探险家’(P<0.05)。【结论】明确了白粉菌在草地早熟禾叶片上的侵染过程和乳突在草地早熟禾抵御白粉菌侵入过程中起的重要作用,为草地早熟禾白粉病的预防和防治提供了理论基础和参考...     

昆虫病原线虫对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的致死率及田间防治效果

【目的】为生产中应用昆虫病原线虫防治草地贪夜蛾提供参考。【方法】采用室内实验和田间试验相结合的方法,室内培养皿中测定4种不同品系线虫对3和6龄草地贪夜蛾幼虫的毒力、致死时间和剂量,田间玉米6~8叶期、日落后叶面喷施线虫至喇叭口内,测试防治草地贪夜蛾的施用剂量和持效天数。【结果】Steinernema feltiae SN、Heterorhabditis bacteriophora H06、Heterorhabditis beicherriana Cherry和Oscheius chongmingensis Tumian侵染草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫72 h后的致死中浓度LC₅₀分别为22.13、36.54、60.01和1369.4 IJs·larva^-1;侵染6龄幼虫72 h后的致死中浓度LC₅₀分别为18.67、31.25、45.52和897.28 IJs·larva^-1。SN、H06、Cherry和Tumian品系的最佳致死时间72 h;最佳致死剂量100 IJs·larva^-1 (Tumian品系除外,最佳致死剂量为900 IJs·larva^-1)。玉米田线虫施用剂量7万IJs·株^-1为最佳,施用后16 d的校正虫口减退率为65.80%。【结论】在供试品系中,S. feltiae SN品系的线虫对草地贪夜蛾的致病力最强,最有田间生物防治草地贪夜蛾潜力。田间玉米6~8叶期、幼虫3龄时喷施线虫至喇叭口内防治效果最佳。     

Effectiveness and Safety of Oral Propranolol versus Other Treatments for Infantile Hemangiomas: A Meta-Analysis

Background

Epidemiological studies evaluating treatments for infantile hemangiomas have produced inconsistent results. A meta-analysis of published data was conducted to investigate the effectiveness and safety of oral propranolol versus other treatments for infantile hemangiomas.

Methods

A meta-analysis was conducted based on literature (published from 1960 to December 1, 2014) found on the PubMed, EMBASE, and OVID search engines. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for the outcome measures. Heterogeneity, publication bias and subgroup analysis were performed.

Results

A total of 61 studies involving 5,130 participants met the inclusion criteria. Propranolol was found to be a more effective modality in treating IHs (ORs = 0.92; 95%CI, 0.89–0.95) and had fewer complications compared to the other treatments including systemic steroids (ORs = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.59–0.76); laser ablation (ORs = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.43–0.67); other beta-adrenergic blockers (ORs = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.50–0.61) and surgery (ORs = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.28–0.81). A subgroup analysis of propranolol showed that a dose of 2 mg/kg/day or more yielded better outcomes (ORs = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.88–0.95; ORs = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.89–1.00), and IHs that had not been previously treated had better responses to propranolol treatment (ORs = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91–0.98).

Conclusions

The meta-analysis demonstrated that propranolol was more effective and safer than other therapies in treating IHs. It provides strong evidence for supporting the use of propranolol as a first-line therapy for IHs.     

瘤背石磺低频听力基因PMCA2的克隆、相对表达及神经组织原位杂交分析

低频听力基因PMCA2在生物听力方面占据着重要位置,基因突变或缺失后会引发神经性耳聋和平衡功能障碍.为探究基因PMCA2在瘤背石磺潮汐感知中的作用,本研究通过RACE技术克隆得到瘤背石磺PMCA2基因的全长cDNA,并进行系统进化分析.利用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)技术和原位杂交技术分析两组(暂养无处理组和潮汐干扰刺激组)瘤背石磺PMCA2基因在各组织中相对表达量和在神经组织各神经节中的相对表达部位.实验结果表明,瘤背石磺PMCA2基因cDNA全长5 091 bp,包含492 bp的5'非编码区(UTR)以及972 bp的3'UTR,3 627bp的开放阅读框,共编码1 208个氨基酸,基因序列较为保守.序列分析结果显示,瘤背石磺与加州海兔、绿色海蜗牛和福寿螺PMCA2氨基酸序列同源性分别为81.79％,78.25％和72.91％.通过系统进化树分析研究得出,瘤背石磺与加州海兔进化关系相对较近.RT-qPCR结果显示,两组石磺神经组织PMCA2基因表达量皆高于其他组织的,且潮汐干扰刺激组神经组织表达量明显高于暂养无处理组,有显著性差异.两组瘤背石磺神经组织原位杂交实验结果显示,相较于暂养无处理组,潮汐干扰刺激组石磺神经组织杂交信号明显增强,该结果与荧光定量PCR结果相符.实验初步表述了瘤背石磺PMCA2基因的生物信息学特征,在瘤背石磺各组织中的表达情况及在神经组织中的分布部位,为研究滩涂生物感知潮汐能力提供原创性成果.     

近交系小型猪线粒体基因组分析和家猪系统进化关系分析

广西巴马小型猪是长期近交培育而成的实验小型猪,遗传稳定.本研究拟通过线粒体基因组(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)分析来了解近交系的遗传背景,并从mtDNA角度进一步认识中国本土猪种的系统进化关系.实验设计29对特异性引物,PCR扩增和产物测序,拼接出广西巴马小型猪近交系7个世代猪的mtDNA序列;用42个品种猪的mtDNA D-loop区和基因编码区序列分布构建系统进化树.结果表明,广西巴马小型猪的mtDNA大小为16 761 bp,碱基组成、基因结构与其他猪种相似;近交系7个世代个体mtDNA发现有46个碱基差异位点,变异率为0.28％,mtDNA序列同源性在99.9％以上,表明该近交系母源单一;基于mtDNA序列构建的系统进化树不能清晰地区分地方品种猪之间的遗传关系.研究结果进一步表明广西巴马小型猪近交系的遗传背景单一,中国本土品种猪的母系关系复杂.