保护性耕作对紫色水稻土团聚体组成和有机碳储量的影响

通过长期定位试验,研究了保护性耕作对四川盆地紫色水稻土耕层团聚体组成和有机碳储量的影响.结果表明,保护性耕作显著影响耕层团聚体组成及其有机碳含量.油菜免耕、厢作免耕、绿肥免耕、垄作翻耕和厢作翻耕0～10 cm土壤大团聚体分别比对照(12%)增加23%、69%、9%、36%和28%,而10～20 cm土壤大团聚体比对照低9%～38%.冬水免耕、油菜免耕和绿肥免耕0～10 cm土壤大团聚体中有机碳含量分别比对照增加13%、31%和32%,而10～20 cm土壤各处理有机碳含量低于对照28%～54%,其土壤大团聚体和微团聚体中碳浓度差异低于0～10cm土壤.各处理0～10 cm土壤总有机碳储量比对照增加8%～28%,而10～20 cm土壤总有机碳储量低于对照4%～22%.传统耕作转变为保护性耕作13年后0～10和10～20 cm土壤有机碳固定率分别为53和25 g·m^-2·a^-1,传统耕作有机碳固定率分别为26和33 g·m^-2·a^-1.保护性耕作有利于紫色水稻土表层大团聚体的形成和土壤总有机碳储量的提高.     

长春花黄化植原体（PY）株系的检测与鉴定

植原体 (Ｐｈｙｔｏｐｌａｓｍａ) (原称类菌原体Ｍｙｃｏｐｌａｓｍａ ｌｉｋｅＯｒｇａｎｉｓｍ ,简称ＭＬＯ)是一类无细胞壁、存在于植物筛管细胞内的原核生物。植原体自 1 967年被日本学者土居养二首次发现后 ,迄今为止 ,世界上报道的植物植原体病害多达 30 0余种 ,早期对植原体的鉴定主要是通过生物学特性 ,如症状特征、与昆虫介体的相互关系等进行的。这些方法费时费力 ,结果往往也不是很可靠。 80年代 ,随着血清学、分子探针以及ＰＣＲ技术的发展应用 ,为植原体的检测提供了一种相对简单、灵敏、可靠的方法。通过对 1 6ＳｒＲＮＡ基…     

奇异果甜蛋白及其基因工程

奇异果甜蛋白(thaumatin)是迄今为止最甜的物质之一,对其研究具有很重要的意义。奇异果甜蛋白的生化性质基本清楚,基因序列和氨基酸序列都已测定。它的甜味可能是由奇异果甜蛋白上特定基团和受体结合引起的。对奇异果甜蛋白的生理功能知之甚少。近二十年来,在奇异果甜蛋白的基因工程上取得了一定进展,但仍然存在许多困难。 Abstract:Thaumatin is one of the sweetest substances known to date,it is important to study the thaumatin.The biochemical properties of thaumatin have been clarified clearly.Thaumatin had been isolated and sequenced.The mechanism of the sweetness of thaumatin may be due to the combination of some special groups and the receptors.The exact function of thaumatin is still not clear.Although gene engineering of thaumatin has been carried out for 20 years,there are still some difficulties to be solved for using in the market.     

脉冲电场对人红细胞膜结构影响的冷冻断裂研究

对外加脉冲电场处理的人红血球冷冻断裂和蚀刻的复型观察中发现在强电场(3KV/cm)作用下,细胞周围有颗粒状和纤维状结构。结合SDS电泳分析证明了它们是由于在电场作用下,红血球膜的带3蛋白和膜骨架蛋白(血影蛋白)脱出的结果。在强电场作用下,由于膜蛋白和膜骨架蛋白的脱出造成了对细胞膜的损伤,使细胞膜稳定性降低,细胞易变形和形成伪足。由于膜蛋白的脱出,多余的自由脂质进入细胞质内而形成泡状结构。外电场改变了蛋白-蛋白以及蛋白-脂分子间的作用可能是电穿孔的主要机理。本文还对当前公认的冷冻断裂中所观察到的膜中间颗粒的来源提出了疑问,并提出了它们还可能与冰晶有关。而冰晶的形成又与膜的亲水与疏水性有关。     

Myokine IL-15 regulates the crosstalk of co-cultured porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells and preadipocytes

The present study was carried out to preliminarily reveal the underlying mechanisms of the co-culture system between porcine muscle satellite cells (SCs) and stromal-vascular cells (SVs). The two cell types were co-cultured to assess both proliferation and differentiation. Desmin and Pref-1 immunofluorescence staining technique were taken to identify the two types of isolated cells. The expression of specific marker genes Myogenin was up-regulated in SCs (P < 0.05) and the differentiation of SCs could be promoted when co-cultured with preadipocytes compared with the single-cultured control, while expression of c/EBPβ in SVs was down-regulated (P < 0.05) and the differentiation of preadipocytes could be inhibited. Furthermore, secretion of myokine IL-15 was markedly increased, as well as its gene and protein expression levels in co-culture supernatants. However, the secretion of adipokine leptin was significantly decreased. These findings demonstrate that myokines like IL-15 could facilitate the SCs’ differentiation while inhibit the SVs differentiation, and act as an important regulator of co-culture between muscle cells and adipocytes.     

玉米秸秆还田对石灰性土壤Zn形态及其有效性的影响

采用尼龙网袋田间填埋的方法,研究了玉米秸秆还田对石灰性土壤Zn形态及其生物有效性的影响.结果表明：与施用Zn肥相比,秸秆还田对提高土壤全Zn含量贡献较小;施Zn肥和添加秸秆处理均显著增加土壤有效Zn(DTPA-Zn)含量,且施Zn肥处理增加的幅度更大;高锌秸秆还田后释放的Zn更易转化为土壤DTPA-Zn,转化率达49.0%,秸秆还田后土壤DTPA-Zn转化率呈先减小后增大的趋势,而施Zn肥处理的变化不大.土壤交换态Zn(Ex-Zn)、碳酸盐结合态Zn(Carb-Zn)、氧化锰结合态Zn(OxMn-Zn)、紧结有机态Zn(Sbo-Zn)和残渣态Zn(Min-Zn)含量在各处理中差异不大,施Zn肥处理的土壤松结有机态Zn(Wbo-Zn)含量显著大于对照和只添加秸秆处理.尽管玉米秸秆的含Zn量较低,但秸秆Zn释放后更易转化为DTPA-Zn,秸秆还田同时施用Zn肥是提高石灰性土壤供Zn能力的有效方法.     

低温对枇杷苗叶片与根尖的生理状况及超微结构的影响

为探讨枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica)苗对低温伤害的响应,采用人工降温的方法,研究了‘解放钟’实生枇杷苗在低温胁迫下叶肉细胞与根细胞超微结构的变化,同时测定叶片褐变率、根系活力和细胞质膜相对透性(PMP)。结果表明,轻度低温(0℃)胁迫12h,根系活力下降26.09%,叶片褐变率仅升高17.15%,根系PMP值持续升高而叶片呈下降趋势。电镜下观察,根细胞和叶肉细胞均有明显线粒体增加现象。0℃胁迫36 h根细胞发生胞间结冰,液泡消失、线粒体膨大变形、双层膜消失、嵴消失、细胞壁结构损伤,而叶肉细胞仅表现叶绿体破坏、淀粉粒变小,线粒体完整。重度低温(–3℃、–5℃)胁迫下,根细胞和叶肉细胞均发生细胞内结冰,且低温对根细胞的破坏程度明显高于叶肉细胞,根细胞比叶细胞发生细胞结冰的时间更早,受害更严重。这表明根细胞比叶肉细胞对低温更敏感,因此,在低温来临前对枇杷地下部采取保温措施,对缓解地上部低温伤害具有积极作用。     

Genome-wide regulation of 5hmC, 5mC, and gene expression by Tet1 hydroxylase in mouse embryonic stem cells

DNA methylation at the 5 position of cytosine (5mC) in the mammalian genome is a key epigenetic event critical for various cellular processes. The ten-eleven translocation (Tet) family of 5mC-hydroxylases, which convert 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), offers a way for dynamic regulation of DNA methylation. Here we report that Tet1 binds to unmodified C or 5mC- or 5hmC-modified CpG-rich DNA through its CXXC domain. Genome-wide mapping of Tet1 and 5hmC reveals mechanisms by which Tet1 controls 5hmC and 5mC levels in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). We also uncover a comprehensive gene network influenced by Tet1. Collectively, our data suggest that Tet1 controls DNA methylation both by binding to CpG-rich regions to prevent unwanted DNA methyltransferase activity, and by converting 5mC to 5hmC through hydroxylase activity. This Tet1-mediated antagonism of CpG methylation imparts differential maintenance of DNA methylation status at Tet1 targets, ultimately contributing to mESC differentiation and the onset of embryonic development.