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31.
CLAUDIA HEMP KJETIL LYSNE VOJE KLAUS‐GERHARD HELLER ELŻBIETA WARCHAŁOWSKA‐ŚLIWA ANDREAS HEMP 《Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society》2010,158(1):66-82
A new genus, Altihoratosphaga, is erected for species formerly assigned to Horatosphaga Schaum, 1853, and a new species is described. Four species are included in Altihoratosphaga: Altihoratosphaga nomima (Karsch, 1896), Altihoratosphaga montivaga ( Sjöstedt, 1909 ), Altihoratosphaga nou (Hemp, 2007) and Altihoratosphaga hanangensis sp. nov. All four species are restricted to Tanzanian localities, and, except for A. nomima, for which no ecological data are available, are confined to montane forest habitats. Data on ecology, acoustics, chromosomes, and molecular relationships are provided, as well as a key to Altihoratosphaga species. The present‐day distribution of Altihoratosphaga species suggests former migration events at times when wetter and colder climatic fluctuations favoured connections between montane forest communities, which today are isolated, enabling flightless taxa such as Altihoratosphaga and Monticolaria to spread. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 158 , 66–82. 相似文献
32.
Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir Sobia Aslam Muhammad Shahid Rizwan Allah Wasaya Muhammad Ateeq Muhammad Naeem Khan Sikander Khan Tanveer Walid Soufan Basharat Ali Allah Ditta Arpna Kumari Ayman EL Sabagh 《Phyton》2022,91(11):2491-2504
In soil biota, higher and enduring concentration of heavy metals like cadmium (Cd) is hazardous and associated
with great loss in growth, yield, and quality parameters of most of the crop plants. Recently, in-situ applications of
eco-friendly stabilizing agents in the form of organic modifications have been utilized to mitigate the adverse
effects of Cd-toxicity. This controlled experiment was laid down to appraise the imprints of various applied
organic amendments namely poultry manure (PM), farmyard manure (FYM), and sugarcane press mud (PS)
to immobilize Cd in polluted soil. Moreover, phytoavailability of Cd in wheat was also accessed under an alkaline
environment. Results revealed that the addition of FYM (5–10 ton ha-1
) in Cd-contaminated soil significantly
increased germination rate, leaf chlorophyll content, plant height, spike length, biological and grain yield amongst
all applied organic amendments. Moreover, the addition of FYM (5–10 ton ha-1
) also reduced the phytoavailability of Cd by 73–85% in the roots, 57–83% in the shoots, and 81–90% in grains of wheat crop. Thus, it is affirmed
that incorporation of FYM (5–10 ton ha-1
) performed better to enhance wheat growth and yield by remediating
Cd. Thus, the application of FYM (5–10 ton ha-1
) reduced the toxicity induced by Cd to plants by declining its
uptake and translocation as compared to all other applied organic amendments to immobilize Cd under sandy
alkaline polluted soil. 相似文献
33.
Quantitative trait loci and candidate genes underlying genotype by environment interaction in the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to drought
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MOHAMED EL‐SODA WILLEM KRUIJER MARCOS MALOSETTI MAARTEN KOORNNEEF MARK G. M. AARTS 《Plant, cell & environment》2015,38(3):585-599
Drought stress was imposed on two sets of Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes grown in sand under short‐day conditions and analysed for several shoot and root growth traits. The response to drought was assessed for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping in a genetically diverse set of Arabidopsis accessions using genome‐wide association (GWA) mapping, and conventional linkage analysis of a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. Results showed significant genotype by environment interaction (G×E) for all traits in response to different watering regimes. For the RIL population, the observed G×E was reflected in 17 QTL by environment interactions (Q×E), while 17 additional QTLs were mapped not showing Q×E. GWA mapping identified 58 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) associated with loci displaying Q×E and an additional 16 SNPs associated with loci not showing Q×E. Many candidate genes potentially underlying these loci were suggested. The genes for RPS3C and YLS7 were found to contain conserved amino acid differences when comparing Arabidopsis accessions with strongly contrasting drought response phenotypes, further supporting their candidacy. One of these candidate genes co‐located with a QTL mapped in the RIL population. 相似文献
34.
Christina Brennenstuhl Naoyuki Tanimoto Markus Burkard Rebecca Wagner Sylvia Bolz Dragana Trifunovic Clement Kabagema-Bilan Francois Paquet-Durand Susanne C. Beck Gesine Huber Mathias W. Seeliger Peter Ruth Bernd Wissinger Robert Lukowski 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2015,290(16):10242-10255
Phosphodiesterase-6 (PDE6) is a multisubunit enzyme that plays a key role in the visual transduction cascade in rod and cone photoreceptors. Each type of photoreceptor utilizes discrete catalytic and inhibitory PDE6 subunits to fulfill its physiological tasks, i.e. the degradation of cyclic guanosine-3′,5′-monophosphate at specifically tuned rates and kinetics. Recently, the human PDE6H gene was identified as a novel locus for autosomal recessive (incomplete) color blindness. However, the three different classes of cones were not affected to the same extent. Short wave cone function was more preserved than middle and long wave cone function indicating that some basic regulation of the PDE6 multisubunit enzyme was maintained albeit by a unknown mechanism. To study normal and disease-related functions of cone Pde6h in vivo, we generated Pde6h knock-out (Pde6h−/−) mice. Expression of PDE6H in murine eyes was restricted to both outer segments and synaptic terminals of short and long/middle cone photoreceptors, whereas Pde6h−/− retinae remained PDE6H-negative. Combined in vivo assessment of retinal morphology with histomorphological analyses revealed a normal overall integrity of the retinal organization and an unaltered distribution of the different cone photoreceptor subtypes upon Pde6h ablation. In contrast to human patients, our electroretinographic examinations of Pde6h−/− mice suggest no defects in cone/rod-driven retinal signaling and therefore preserved visual functions. To this end, we were able to demonstrate the presence of rod PDE6G in cones indicating functional substitution of PDE6. The disparities between human and murine phenotypes caused by mutant Pde6h/PDE6H suggest species-to-species differences in the vulnerability of biochemical and neurosensory pathways of the visual signal transduction system. 相似文献
35.
36.
Blaney Davidson EN Scharstuhl A Vitters EL van der Kraan PM van den Berg WB 《Arthritis research & therapy》2005,7(6):R1338-R1347
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease, mainly effecting the elderly population. The cause of OA seems to be an imbalance
in catabolic and anabolic factors that develops with age. IL-1 is a catabolic factor known to induce cartilage damage, and
transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta is an anabolic factor that can counteract many IL-1-induced effects. In old mice, we
observed reduced responsiveness to TGF-beta-induced IL-1 counteraction. We investigated whether expression of TGF-beta and
its signaling molecules altered with age. To mimic the TGF-beta deprived conditions in aged mice, we assessed the functional
consequence of TGF-beta blocking. We isolated knee joints of mice aged 5 months or 2 years, half of which were exposed to
IL-1 by intra-articular injection 24 h prior to knee joint isolation. Immunohistochemistry was performed, staining for TGF-beta1,
-2 or -3, TGF-betaRI or -RII, Smad2, -3, -4, -6 and -7 and Smad-2P. The percentage of cells staining positive was determined
in tibial cartilage. To mimic the lack of TGF-beta signaling in old mice, young mice were injected with IL-1 and after 2 days
Ad-LAP (TGF-beta inhibitor) or a control virus were injected. Proteoglycan (PG) synthesis (35S-sulfate incorporation) and PG content of the cartilage were determined. Our experiments revealed that TGF-beta2 and -3 expression
decreased with age, as did the TGF-beta receptors. Although the number of cells positive for the Smad proteins was not altered,
the number of cells expressing Smad2P strongly dropped in old mice. IL-1 did not alter the expression patterns. We mimicked
the lack of TGF-beta signaling in old mice by TGF-beta inhibition with LAP. This resulted in a reduced level of PG synthesis
and aggravation of PG depletion. The limited response of old mice to TGF-beta induced-IL-1 counteraction is not due to a diminished
level of intracellular signaling molecules or an upregulation of intracellular inhibitors, but is likely due to an intrinsic
absence of sufficient TGF-beta receptor expression. Blocking TGF-beta distorted the natural repair response after IL-1 injection.
In conclusion, TGF-beta appears to play an important role in repair of cartilage and a lack of TGF-beta responsiveness in
old mice might be at the root of OA development. 相似文献
37.
Estrada-Cuzcano A Neveling K Kohl S Banin E Rotenstreich Y Sharon D Falik-Zaccai TC Hipp S Roepman R Wissinger B Letteboer SJ Mans DA Blokland EA Kwint MP Gijsen SJ van Huet RA Collin RW Scheffer H Veltman JA Zrenner E;European Retinal Disease Consortium den Hollander AI Klevering BJ Cremers FP 《American journal of human genetics》2012,90(1):102-109
Cone-rod dystrophy (CRD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP) are clinically and genetically overlapping heterogeneous retinal dystrophies. By using homozygosity mapping in an individual with autosomal-recessive (ar) RP from a consanguineous family, we identified three sizeable homozygous regions, together encompassing 46 Mb. Next-generation sequencing of all exons, flanking intron sequences, microRNAs, and other highly conserved genomic elements in these three regions revealed a homozygous nonsense mutation (c.497T>A [p.Leu166∗]) in C8orf37, located on chromosome 8q22.1. This mutation was not present in 150 ethnically matched control individuals, single-nucleotide polymorphism databases, or the 1000 Genomes database. Immunohistochemical studies revealed C8orf37 localization at the base of the primary cilium of human retinal pigment epithelium cells and at the base of connecting cilia of mouse photoreceptors. C8orf37 sequence analysis of individuals who had retinal dystrophy and carried conspicuously large homozygous regions encompassing C8orf37 revealed a homozygous splice-site mutation (c.156−2A>G) in two siblings of a consanguineous family and homozygous missense mutations (c.529C>T [p.Arg177Trp]; c.545A>G [p.Gln182Arg]) in siblings of two other consanguineous families. The missense mutations affect highly conserved amino acids, and in silico analyses predicted that both variants are probably pathogenic. Clinical assessment revealed CRD in four individuals and RP with early macular involvement in two individuals. The two CRD siblings with the c.156−2A>G mutation also showed unilateral postaxial polydactyly. These results underline the importance of disrupted ciliary processes in the pathogenesis of retinal dystrophies. 相似文献
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39.
Egg production was reduced in adult virgin Habrobracon juglandis females treated topically with either acyclic or aromatic terpenoid ether, analogues of juvenile hormone. The latter type, particularly the compound possessing a 3,4 methylenedioxyphenyl group, was most effective against the wasp. The resulting changes in fecundity were due to interference with vitellogenic activity.The 3,4 methylenedioxyphenyl analogue treatment decreased hatchability in oöcytes exposed during vitellogenesis. Embryonic death in eggs derived from these cells was typified by blocked cleavage division.The relationship between chemical structure and biological activity supports the hypothesis that juvenile hormone analogues may act in part by blocking detoxification mechanisms in treated insects. This in turn, either separately or in combination with direct analogue action, adversely affects reproduction by inhibiting processes involving RNA synthesis. 相似文献