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21.
Egglaying aggregations, mate fidelity and male and female mate choice and mating behaviour of the African pyrgomorphid grasshopper Zonocerus elegans are described from the field. Several hundred males and females were individually marked at oviposition sites. Pairs remained stable over days, during egglaying and presumably also over the weeks prior to egglaying. In addition to long-term consorting with a female, males may try to obtain inseminations by “footpad”–tactics at oviposition sites. It is suggested that prolonged consorting and repeated copulations increase the female's reproductive output as well as the male's share in it. Our data and the literature indicate that males are involved not only in rival competition but also in a “battle of the sexes” which females are likely to win. The intra– and intersexual “war on two fronts” results behaviourally in elaborate mating tactics and anatomically in highly developed internal female genitalia and male copulatory organs (well known taxonomic characters). This applies not only to grasshoppers but also to other insects and arthropods. 相似文献
22.
Amiloride does not alter NaCl avoidance in Fischer-344 rats 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Fischer-344 (F-344) rats differ from other common rat strains in that they
fail to show any preference for NaCl at any concentration in two- bottle
preference tests. Because 100 microM amiloride partially blocks the
NaCl-evoked chorda tympani (CT) response in electrophysiological studies,
we tested NaCl preference (0.068-0.273 M) in F-344 rats with and without
100 microM amiloride solution as the solvent. A third group was tested with
unadulterated NaCl solutions following CT transection. Amiloride had no
significant effect on the NaCl preference-aversion function, whereas CT
transection significantly reduced NaCl avoidance. These results suggest
that the amiloride-sensitive component of the NaCl response is not
necessary for F-344 rats to display avoidance of NaCl, but the entire CT
input is.
相似文献
23.
Ie-Bin Lian Yi-Hsien Lin Ying-Chao Lin Hsin-Chou Yang Chee-Jang Chang Cathy SJ Fann 《BMC bioinformatics》2008,9(1):246
Background
Association testing is a powerful tool for identifying disease susceptibility genes underlying complex diseases. Technological advances have yielded a dramatic increase in the density of available genetic markers, necessitating an increase in the number of association tests required for the analysis of disease susceptibility genes. As such, multiple-tests corrections have become a critical issue. However the conventional statistical corrections on locus-specific multiple tests usually result in lower power as the number of markers increases. Alternatively, we propose here the application of the longest significant run (LSR) method to estimate a region-specific p-value to provide an index for the most likely candidate region. 相似文献24.
Hsin-Chou Yang Mei-Chu Huang Ling-Hui Li Chien-Hsing Lin Alice LT Yu Mitchell B Diccianni Jer-Yuarn Wu Yuan-Tsong Chen Cathy SJ Fann 《BMC bioinformatics》2008,9(1):196
Background
Microarray-based pooled DNA experiments that combine the merits of DNA pooling and gene chip technology constitute a pivotal advance in biotechnology. This new technique uses pooled DNA, thereby reducing costs associated with the typing of DNA from numerous individuals. Moreover, use of an oligonucleotide gene chip reduces costs related to processing various DNA segments (e.g., primers, reagents). Thus, the technique provides an overall cost-effective solution for large-scale genomic/genetic research. However, few publicly shared tools are available to systematically analyze the rapidly accumulating volume of whole-genome pooled DNA data. 相似文献25.
JF Yuan SJ Zhang O Jafer RA Furlong OE Chausiaux CA Sargent GH Zhang NA Affara 《BMC microbiology》2009,9(1):246
Background
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an alphaherpesviruses whose native host is pig. PRV infection mainly causes signs of central nervous system disorder in young pigs, and respiratory system diseases in the adult. 相似文献26.
27.
Goring DR Banks P Fallis L Baszczynski CL Beversdorf WD Rothstein SJ 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》1992,2(6):999-1003
We have previously described a developmentally regulated mRNA in maize that accumulates in mature embryos and is involved in a variety of stress responses in the plant. The sequence of the encoded 16 kDa protein (MA16) predicts that it is an RNA-binding protein, since it possesses a ribonucleoprotein consensus sequence-type RNA-binding domain (CS-RBD). To assess the predicted RNA binding property of the protein and as a starting point to characterize its function we have used ribohomopolymer-binding assays. Here we show that the MA16-encoded protein binds preferentially to uridine- and guanosine-rich RNAs. In light of these results a likely role for this protein in RNA metabolism during late embryogenesis and in the stress response is discussed. 相似文献
28.
Molecular evolution of mitochondrial 12S RNA and cytochrome b sequences in the pantherine lineage of Felidae 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
DNA sequence comparisons of two mitochondrial DNA genes were used to infer
phylogenetic relationships among 17 Felidae species, notably 15 in the
previously described pantherine lineage. The polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) was used to generate sequences of 358 base pairs of the mitochondrial
12S RNA gene and 289 base pairs of the cytochrome b protein coding gene.
DNA sequences were compared within and between 17 felid and five nonfelid
carnivore species. Evolutionary trees were constructed using phenetic,
cladistic, and maximum likelihood algorithms. The combined results
suggested several phylogenetic relationships including (1) the recognition
of a recently evolved monophyletic genus Panthera consisting of Panthera
leo, P. pardus, P. onca, P. uncia, P. tigris, and Neofelis nebulosa; (2)
the recent common ancestry of Acinonyx jubatus, the African cheetah, and
Puma concolor, the American puma; and (3) two golden cat species, Profelis
temmincki and Profelis aurata, are not sister species, and the latter is
strongly associated with Caracal caracal. These data add to the growing
database of vertebrate mtDNA sequences and, given the relatively recent
divergence among the felids represented here (1-10 Myr), allow 12S and
cytochrome b sequence evolution to be addressed over a time scale different
from those addressed in most work on vertebrate mtDNA.
相似文献
29.
Wolfgang Wickler 《Cell and tissue research》1957,45(6):641-648
Zusammenfassung Ei und Gelegegröße von Blennius fluviatilis Asso entsprechen denen anderer Blenniiden; dasselbe gilt für die Anheftung der Eier in einer Schicht an der Decke der Wohnhöhle des Männchens.Die Haftvorrichtung des Eies besteht aus vielen, sehr dicht stehenden Einzelfäden, die mit einer besonderen Wurzel aus der Zona radiata entspringen. Von oben gesehen bilden sie eine Haftscheibe, auf der das Ei sitzt, von der Seite gesehen umgeben sie das Ei an der Basis wie ein Wall, von unten gesehen bilden sie einen Haftring um die zentral gelegene Mikropyle. Vergleiche mit anderen Fischfamilien legen die Vermutung nahe, daß die Struktur des Haftapparates der Eier auch bei den Blenniidae ein systematisch-taxonomisch verwertbares Merkmal ist.Die Zona radiata weist bei Blennius fluviatilis zwei verschiedene Porentypen an den beiden Eipolen auf. Vermutungen über die Funktion der beschriebenen Hofporen ergeben sich aus den Beobachtungen der Embryonalentwicklung. Wahrscheinlich dienen sie der besseren Sauerstoffversorgung des Embryos, dessen Dottersack-Oberfläche dann als Atmungsorgan wirkt. 相似文献
30.
Wolfgang Wickler und Uta Seibt 《Journal of Ornithology》1980,121(2):162-170
Zusammenfassung Wenn Duettieren bei Vögeln der Revieranzeige und Revierabgrenzung dient, sollte man besondere Duett-Abläufe erwarten, sobald sich Paare — an der Reviergrenze oder im Revier — begegnen. Bislang sind nur wenige solcher Fälle beschrieben. Daß ein Individuum im Duett auf ein anderes als den Paarpartner Bezug nimmt, läßt sich am ehesten erkennen, wenn jedes Paar mehrere motivlich verschiedene Duette singen kann. Entgegen früheren Angaben in der Literatur fanden wir beim OrgelwürgerLaniarius aethiopicus, daß ein Duett-Duell Paar gegen Paar nicht chaotisch verlief. Ein Individuum kann seine Rufe zeitlich und motivlich sowohl auf den Partner abstimmen wie auch auf den gleichgeschlechtlichen Rivalen; Duettbeziehungen zum andersgeschlechtlichen Nachbarn kamen nicht vor, schienen sogar vermieden zu werden.Motivliche Beeinflussung zwischen konterduettierenden Paaren ist für mehrere Arten(Cisticola, Laniarius) nachgewiesen. Sie fehlt dem BartvogelTrachyphonus usambiro, der in jedem Geschlecht nur über ein Motiv verfügt, fehlt aber auch dem Drongo (Günnigmann 1973), obwohl er extrem motivreich duettiert.Solche Analysen scheinen uns vielversprechend für die Beantwortung der Frage nach der biologischen Funktion des Duettierens.
Influences from partner and rival during conter-duetting in birds
Summary Duetting as part of bird's territorial behaviour in some species shows the form of conterduetting between pairs. Such performances can be analyzed with respect of partners versus rivals influencing each other. Influences upon the individual become apparent by its choice of motiv and the timing of its calls with respect to the vocalizations of another bird.For the African tropical boubou,Laniarius aethiopicus, we show that the individual during a conter-duet in fact adresses its calls to its mate and its rival, respectively.Although careful analyses are still lacking for other species, it is apparent from literature that different species differ with respect to these inter-pair influences. A closer analysis might be helpful to get insight into the more subtile functions of duetting in birds.相似文献