中草药“一口钟”的原植物鉴定及其精油的化学成分

云南,四川等省市售的中草药“一口钟”为蓝桉(Eucalyptus globulus Labill.)的果实.用气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用技术、标准品迭加和毛细管保留指数定性法,对其精油的化学成分进行分析.从分离的65个成分中,鉴定出36个成分,其含量占总组成的93.80％,主要成分是别香树烯(23.37％),1.8-桉叶油素(20.81％)、金合欢醇(9.95％)、α-水芹烯(8.30％)、δ-愈创木烯(5.95％)、δ-蒎烯(4.09％)、β-水芹烯(3.43％)、α-愈创木烯(3.15％)等.     

外源脂肪酸及胆固醇对莱氏衣原体膜糖脂含量的影响

 <正> 单葡萄糖甘油二酯(MGDG)和双葡萄糖甘油二酯(DGDG)是莱氏衣原体膜上主要的极性脂。糖脂的生理功能过去很少研究,至今仍不清楚。近年来实验结果表明,MGDG在膜上容易形成六角形Ⅱ结构,而DGDG则形成脂双层结构。六角形Ⅱ结构的出现与生物膜的生理功能的关系是当前瞩目的研究内容。本文首次研究了外源脂肪酸和胆固酵对莱氏衣原体AIH089菌株膜上糖脂含量的影响。     

高温厌氧条件下纤维素的直接乙醇发酵

本文介绍了出分解纤维素的嗜热厌氧菌Clostridium celluloflavus sp.nov.直接发酵纤维素产乙醇的初步研究、发酵于60℃下进仃,其主要产物为乙醇、乙酸、氢气和二氧化碳。文中介绍了间歇发酵的若干特征与影响发酵的因素,1％纤维素发酵至120小时,大约有70％纤维素被分解;乙醇的转化率约为0.36g/g降解纤维素;发酵液中乙醇浓度达到56至61mM。发酵中乙醇与乙酸浓度的比值因发酵时间与其它发酵条件的不同而不同。     

DNA Segments Sensitive to Single-Strand-Specific Nucleases Are Present in Chromatin of Mitotic Cells

It was observed before that DNAin situin chromatin of mitotic cells is more sensitive to denaturation than DNA in chromatin of interphase cells. DNA sensitivity to denaturation, in these studies, was analyzed by exposing cells to heat or acid and using acridine orange (AO), the metachromatic fluorochrome which can differentially stain double-stranded (ds) vs single-stranded (ss) nucleic acids, as a marker of the degree of DNA denaturation. However, without prior cell treatment with heat or acid no presence of single-stranded DNA in either mitotic or interphase cells was detected by this assay. In the present experiments we demonstrate that DNAin situin mitotic cells, without any prior treatment that can induce DNA denaturation, is sensitive to ss-specific S1 and mung bean nucleases. Incubation of permeabilized human T cell leukemic MOLT-4, promyelocytic HL-60, histiomonocytic lymphoma U937 cells, or normal PHA-stimulated lymphocytes with S1 or mung bean nucleases generated extensive DNA breakage in mitotic cells. DNA strand breaks were detected using fluorochrome-labeled triphosphonucleotides in the reaction catalyzed by exogenous terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. Under identical conditions of the cells’ exposure to ss-specific nucleases, DNA breakage in interphase cells was of an order of magnitude less extensive compared to mitotic cells. The data indicate that segments of DNA in mitotic chromosomes, in contrast to interphase cells, may be in a conformation which is sensitive to ss nucleases. This may be a reflection of the differences in the torsional stress of DNA loops between interphase and mitotic chromatin. Namely, greater stress in mitotic loops may lead to formation of the hairpin-loop structures by inverted repeats; such structures are sensitive to ss nucleases. The present method of detection of such segments appears to be more sensitive than the use of AO. The identification of mitotic cells based on sensitivity of their DNA to ss nucleases provides an additional method for their quantification by flow cytometry.     

以异源四倍体体细胞杂种为父本杂交培育三倍体柑桔植株的研究

以 3个柑桔原生质体融合而来的四倍体体细胞杂种为父本 ,与二倍体单胚性种柚子 (Citrusgrandis)以及单多胚混合型品种“华农本地早”桔 (C.reticulata)有性杂交 ,授粉后 90 d,发现种子干瘪 ,大部分种子的胚败育。将干瘪种子在 MT附加 1mg/L GA3 或 50 0 mg/L麦芽浸出物的培养基中 ,经培养抢救 ,有 2 5.6%的种子萌发成苗或继续进行胚的生长 ,后者进一步诱导能形成丛芽 ,经试管嫁接或诱导生根形成完整植株。共获得 6个组合 73棵完整植株 ,染色体数检查表明 ,2 0株为三倍体 (2 n=3x=2 7) ,32株为二倍体 (2 n=2 x=18) ,8株为非整倍体 ,其它 13株还有待于进一步检查。     

利用植物激素调控嫁接形成的初步研究

利用黄瓜（Ｃｕｃｕｍ ｉｓｓａｔｉｖｕｓ）试管苗进行离体茎段自体嫁接,研究ＩＢＡ 和６－ＢＡ 对嫁接形成的影响时发现：进行离体茎段嫁接时,用试管苗茎段可简化嫁接过程,减少污染。嫁接茎段的颜色变化、不定根发生和愈伤组织形成与激素浓度有关。植物激素通过影响砧木和接穗间维管束桥形成的时间和数目调控嫁接组合的发育。在作者的实验中,最佳的激素条件是：在接穗培养基中加ＩＢＡ １．２ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ,在接穗和砧木培养基中加６－ＢＡ ０．３ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ。     

Oligomerization of uridine phosphorimidazolides on montmorillonite: A model for the prebiotic synthesis of rna on minerals

The 5-phosphorimidazolide of uridine reacts on Na⁺-montmorillonite 22A in aqueous solution to give oligomers as long as 7 mers. The maximum chain length increases to 9 mers and the overall oligomer yield increases when 9:1 ImpU, A⁵ ppA mixtures react under the same conditions. The oligomer yield and maximum chain length decreases with the structure of the added pyrophosphate in the order A⁵ ppA>A⁵ ppU>U⁵ ppU. Structure analysis of individual oligomer fractions was performed by selective enzymatic hydrolyses followed by HPLC analysis of the products. The regioselectivity for 3,5-bond formation is 80–90% in the 9:1 ImpU, A⁵ ppA reaction, a percentage comparable to that observed in the 9:1 ImpA, A⁵ ppA reaction. Oligomerization of ImpU is inhibited by addition of dA⁵ ppdA, and MeppA. No oligomers containing A⁵ ppU were products of the 9:1 ImpU, A⁵ ppA reaction, a finding consistent with the simple addition of the ImpU to the A⁵ ppA and not the rearrangement of an ImpU-A⁵ ppA adduct. Concentrations of lysine or arginine which were close to that of the ImpU did not inhibit oligomer formation. Treatment of Na⁺-montmorillonite with 1 M arginine yielded arginine-montmorillonite, an amino acid-mineral adduct which did not catalyze ImpU oligomerization. Neither the 4–9 mers formed in the 9:1 ImpU, A⁵ ppA reaction nor the 4–9 mers formed by the base hydrolysis of poly(U) served as templates for the formation of oligo(A)s.     

懒猴属的核糖体DNA变异及其种间分化关系

用１５种限制性内切酶和人２８Ｓ、１８ＳｒＤＮＡ探针构建了懒猴属各物种核糖体ＤＮＡ重复单位的限制性内切酶图谱。在进化速率较高的非转录间隔区,在大、中、小懒猴中分别定位了２３、２４、２４个酶切位点。大懒猴与中懒猴有１２个位点不同,与小懒猴有１４个位点不同,而中、小懒猴间则只有一个位点的差异。经过计算,大懒猴与中懒猴的遗传距离值为１２．６５％,与小懒猴的差异为１４．２４％,中、小懒猴间的差异则仅为０．７     

云南姬鼠的蛋白多态性及其遗传分化关系

本文采用蛋白电泳技术对来源于云南省若干地区的姬鼠属（Ａｐｏｄｅｍｕｓ）的３种姬鼠──高山姬鼠（Ａ．ｃｈｅｖｒｉｅｒｉ）８只,中华姬鼠（Ａ．ｄｒａｃｏ）３只和大耳姬鼠（Ａ．ｌａｔｒｏｎｕｍ）１只,以及作为外群的同科的绒鼠属的大绒鼠（Ｈａｐａｌｏｍｙｓｄｅｌａｌｏｒｉ）３只进行了分析。共检测遗传座位２７个,发现２１个座位存在多态性。根据蛋白多态的数据对研究对象进行遗传分化关系的探讨,用系统分析软件ＰＨＹＬＩＰ计算它们之间的分化关系,得到了一棵无根系统树。结果表明,作为外群的大绒鼠明显不同于其它３种姬鼠而聚在最外面。８只高山姬鼠个体汇聚成独立的一支,中华姬鼠的３个个体也聚成一支,但大耳姬鼠却聚在中华姬鼠一支中,因此我们认为大耳姬鼠同中华姬鼠的分化时间可能比较晚近。     

In vitro fertilization of in vitro matured pig oocytes: effects of boar and ejaculate fraction

Ejaculates from 3 young boars were collected on 4 occasions as a series of separate 15-ml fractions. The contribution of different fractions of these ejaculates to observed variability in the quality of the semen when used for IVF was then determined. On the basis of sperm concentration, 3 fractions representing the first peak concentration (Fraction 1), the lowest sperm concentration after Fraction 1 (Fraction 2), and the second peak concentration (Fraction 3) were selected for analysis in vitro. Oocyte-cumulus-granulosa cell complexes were obtained by dissection from slaughterhouse ovaries. In vitro matured oocytes were randomly assigned for fertilization by the 3 semen samples from each boar. Sperm concentration was the same in all the samples during prefertilization incubation, while the final concentration for fertilization was 5 x 10(5) sperm/ml. Data were analysed using ANOVA for a split-plot design. In the presence of fraction effects, Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) test was used for multiple comparison of treatment means. Oocyte penetration rates differed among fractions (P = 0.001) and varied from 69 to 100% (mean 95.7%) for Fraction 1, from 0 to 100% (mean 53.3%) for Fraction 2, and from 50to 100% (mean 89.9%) for Fraction 3. There were also differences in male pronuclear formation rate (P = 0.028; mean 27.6, 9.3 and 16.4% for Fractions 1, 2 and 3, respectively); in the rate of polyspermy (P = 0.0001; mean 92.3, 31.9 and 76.3% for Fractions 1, 2 and 3, respectively); and in the number of penetrated spermatozoa per oocyte P = 0.002; mean 5.58, 1.94 and 4.07 for Fractions 1, 2, and 3, respectively). The first peak concentration of semen (Fraction 1) showed superiority in fertilizing ability and less variability in penetration rate from replicate to replicate compared with the other 2 fractions. By multiple comparison, Boar 1 showed higher rates of penetration (P < 0.05), male pronuclear formation (P < 0.05) and polyspermy (P < 0.05) than the other 2 boars. There was no fraction-by-boar interaction. The IVM-IVF system adopted proved to be a promising method for boar semen evaluation.