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91.
Loes?AM?Leenen Ben?FM?WijnenEmail author Reina?JA?de Kinderen Marian?HJM?Majoie Caroline?M?van Heugten Silvia?MAA?Evers 《BMC neurology》2014,14(1):255
Background
In patients with epilepsy, poor adherence to anti-epileptic drugs has been shown to be the most important cause of poorly controlled epilepsy. Furthermore, it has been noted that the quality of life among patients with epilepsy can be improved by counseling and treatments aimed at increasing their self-efficacy and concordance, thus stimulating self-management skills. However, there is a need for evidence on the effectiveness of such programs, especially within epilepsy care. Therefore, we have developed a multi-component intervention (MCI) which combines a self-management/education program with e-Health interventions. Accordingly, the overall objective of this study is to assess the (cost)-effectiveness and feasibility of the MCI, aiming to improve self-efficacy and concordance in patients with epilepsy.Methods
A RCT in two parallel groups will be conducted to compare the MCI with a control condition in epilepsy patients. One hundred eligible epilepsy patients will be recruited and allocated to either the intervention or control group. The intervention group will receive the MCI consisting of a self-management/education program of six meetings, including e-Health interventions, and will be followed for 12 months. The control group will receive care as usual and will be followed for 6 months, after which patients will be offered the possibility of participating in the MCI. The study will consist of three parts: 1) a clinical effectiveness study, 2) a cost-effectiveness study, and 3) process evaluation. The primary outcome will be self-efficacy. Secondary outcomes include adherence, side effects, change in seizure severity & frequency, improved quality of life, proactive coping, and societal costs. Outcome assessments will be done using questionnaires at baseline and after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months (last two applicable only for intervention group).Discussion
In times of budget constraints, MCI could be a valuable addition to the current healthcare provision for epilepsy, as it is expected that higher concordance and self-efficacy will result in reduced use of healthcare resources and an increased QOL. Accordingly, this study is aimed helping patients to be their own provider of health care, shifting epilepsy management from professionals to self-care by patients equipped with appropriate skills and tools.Trial registration number
NTR4484.92.
Nicole Willems Frances C Bach Saskia G M Plomp Mattie HP van Rijen Jeannette Wolfswinkel Guy CM Grinwis Clemens Bos Gustav J Strijkers Wouter JA Dhert Bj?rn P Meij Laura B Creemers Marianna A Tryfonidou 《Arthritis research & therapy》2015,17(1)
IntroductionStrategies for biological repair and regeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) by cell and tissue engineering are promising, but few have made it into a clinical setting. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 7 (rhBMP-7) has been shown to stimulate matrix production by IVD cells in vitro and in vivo in animal models of induced IVD degeneration. The aim of this study was to determine the most effective dose of an intradiscal injection of rhBMP-7 in a spontaneous canine IVD degeneration model for translation into clinical application for patients with low back pain.MethodsCanine nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) were cultured with rhBMP-7 to assess the anabolic effect of rhBMP-7 in vitro, and samples were evaluated for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and DNA content, histology, and matrix-related gene expression. Three different dosages of rhBMP-7 (2.5 μg, 25 μg, and 250 μg) were injected in vivo into early degenerated IVDs of canines, which were followed up for six months by magnetic resonance imaging (T2-weighted images, T1rho and T2 maps). Post-mortem, the effects of rhBMP-7 were determined by radiography, computed tomography, and macroscopy, and by histological, biochemical (GAG, DNA, and collagen), and biomolecular analyses of IVD tissue.ResultsIn vitro, rhBMP-7 stimulated matrix production of canine NPCs as GAG deposition was enhanced, DNA content was maintained, and gene expression levels of ACAN and COL2A1 were significantly upregulated. Despite the wide dose range of rhBMP-7 (2.5 to 250 μg) administered in vivo, no regenerative effects were observed at the IVD level. Instead, extensive extradiscal bone formation was noticed after intradiscal injection of 25 μg and 250 μg of rhBMP-7.ConclusionsAn intradiscal bolus injection of 2.5 μg, 25 μg, and 250 μg rhBMP-7 showed no regenerative effects in a spontaneous canine IVD degeneration model. In contrast, intradiscal injection of 250 μg rhBMP-7, and to a lesser extent 25 μg rhBMP-7, resulted in extensive extradiscal bone formation, indicating that a bolus injection of rhBMP-7 alone cannot be used for treatment of IVD degeneration in human or canine patients.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0625-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献93.
94.
Kathryn E Wheatley Corey JA Bradshaw Robert G Harcourt Lloyd S Davis Mark A Hindell 《BMC veterinary research》2006,2(1):1-8
Background
Postweaning diarrhoea (PWD) in pigs is usually the main infectious problem of large-scale farms and is responsible for significant losses worldwide. The disease is caused mainly by enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC). In this study a total of 101 E. coli isolated from pigs with PWD in Slovakia were characterized using phenotypic and genotypic methods.Results
These 101 isolates belonged to 40 O:H serotypes. However, 57% of the isolates belonged to only six serotypes (O9:H51, O147:H-, O149:H10, O163:H-, ONT:H-, and ONT:H4), including two new serotypes (O163:H- and ONT:H4) not previously found among porcine ETEC and STEC isolated in other countries. Genes for EAST1, STb, STa, LT and Stx2e toxins were identified in 64%, 46%, 26%, 20%, and 5% of isolates, respectively. PCR showed that 35% of isolates carried genes for F18 colonization factor, and further analyzed by restriction endonuclease revealed that all of them were F18ac. Genes for F4 (K88), F6 (P987), F17, F5 (K99), F41, and intimin (eae gene) adhesins were detected in 19 %, 5%, 3%, 0.9%, 0.9%, and 0.9% of the isolates, respectively. The study of genetic diversity, carried out by PFGE of 46 representative ETEC and STEC isolates, revealed 36 distinct restriction profiles clustered in eight groups. Isolates of the same serotype were placed together in the dendrogram, but high degree of polymorphism among certain serotypes was detected.Conclusion
Seropathotype O149:H10 LT/STb/EAST1/F4 (14 isolates) was the most commonly detected followed by O163:H- EAST1/F18 (six isolates), and ONT:H4 STa/STb/Stx2e/F18 (five isolates). Interestingly, this study shows that two new serotypes (O163:H- and ONT:H4) have emerged as pig pathogens in Slovakia. Furthermore, our results show that there is a high genetic variation mainly among ETEC of O149:H10 serotype. 相似文献95.
Price DJ Campbell PG Sutton AG Grech ED Davies A Hall JA De Belder MA 《International journal of cardiovascular interventions》2001,4(1):15-20
BACKGROUND: The EPISTENT trial reported improved early outcomes with routine use of abciximab after coronary stenting. Increasing use of stents means that routine abciximab adds significantly to costs of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This paper reports the results of a protocol encouraging restriction of abciximab therapy to high-risk patients only. METHODS: Data were collected prospectively over a 34-month period for patients undergoing PCI with stenting. In addition to those who fulfilled criteria for inclusion in the EPISTENT trial, patients treated in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were studied. Demographic data, procedural details and early clinical outcomes were recorded. RESULTS: Of 808 patients studied, 601 fulfilled EPISTENT inclusion criteria and comprised 367 patients (45%) treated for stable angina and 234 (30%) treated for unstable or post-infarct angina. The additional 207 patients (25%) were treated during AMI. The 808 patients received a total of 981 stents. Abciximab was given in only 88 cases (10.9%). Major adverse clinical events occurred in 39 patients (4.8%). CONCLUSION: Selective use of abciximab for patients undergoing coronary stenting can be associated with outcomes equivalent to those reported for routine use, but with significant cost savings. 相似文献
96.
97.
98.
A rate-independent technique for analysis of nucleic acid sequences: evolutionary parsimony 总被引:24,自引:1,他引:23
The method of evolutionary parsimony--or operator invariants--is a
technique of nucleic acid sequence analysis related to parsimony analysis
and explicitly designed for determining evolutionary relationships among
four distantly related taxa. The method is independent of substitution
rates because it is derived from consideration of the group properties of
substitution operators rather than from an analysis of the probabilities of
substitution in branches of a tree. In both parsimony and evolutionary
parsimony, three patterns of nucleotide substitution are associated
one-to-one with the three topologically linked trees for four taxa. In
evolutionary parsimony, the three quantities are operator invariants. These
invariants are the remnants of substitutions that have occurred in the
interior branch of the tree and are analogous to the substitutions assigned
to the central branch by parsimony. The two invariants associated with the
incorrect trees must equal zero (statistically), whereas only the correct
tree can have a nonzero invariant. The chi 2-test is used to ascertain the
nonzero invariant and the statistically favored tree. Examples, obtained
using data calculated with evolutionary rates and branchings designed to
camouflage the true tree, show that the method accurately predicts the
tree, even when substitution rates differ greatly in neighboring peripheral
branches (conditions under which parsimony will consistently fail). As the
number of substitutions in peripheral branches becomes fewer, the parsimony
and the evolutionary-parsimony solutions converge. The method is robust and
easy to use.
相似文献
99.
Joshua T. Weinhandl Matthew C. Hoch Sebastian Y. Bawab Stacie I. Ringleb 《Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering》2016,19(14):1550-1556
Computer modeling and simulation techniques have been increasingly used to investigate anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) loading during dynamic activities in an attempt to improve our understanding of injury mechanisms and development of injury prevention programs. However, the accuracy of many of these models remains unknown and thus the purpose of this study was to compare estimates of ACL strain from a previously developed three-dimensional, data-driven model with those obtained via in vitro measurements. ACL strain was measured as the knee was cycled from approximately 10° to 120° of flexion at 20 deg s?1 with static loads of 100, 50, and 50 N applied to the quadriceps, biceps femoris and medial hamstrings (semimembranosus and semitendinosus) tendons, respectively. A two segment, five-degree-of-freedom musculoskeletal knee model was then scaled to match the cadaver’s anthropometry and in silico ACL strains were then determined based on the knee joint kinematics and moments of force. Maximum and minimum ACL strains estimated in silico were within 0.2 and 0.42% of that measured in vitro, respectively. Additionally, the model estimated ACL strain with a bias (mean difference) of ?0.03% and dynamic accuracy (rms error) of 0.36% across the flexion-extension cycle. These preliminary results suggest that the proposed model was capable of estimating ACL strains during a simple flexion-extension cycle. Future studies should validate the model under more dynamic conditions with variable muscle loading. This model could then be used to estimate ACL strains during dynamic sporting activities where ACL injuries are more common. 相似文献
100.
Alves-Gomes JA; Orti G; Haygood M; Heiligenberg W; Meyer A 《Molecular biology and evolution》1995,12(2):298-318
The order Gymnotiformes (South American electric fishes) is a fascinating
assemblage of freshwater fishes that share the unusual ability to produce
and sense electric fields used for electrolocation and social
communication. In the last few decades, the electrogenic and electrosensory
systems (EES) of these fish have served as an excellent model to study
motor and sensory physiology in vertebrates. In an attempt to the evolution
of characters associated with the EES in the group, we applied
maximum-parsimony (MP), minimum-evolution (ME), and maximum-likelihood (ML)
methods to analyze 302 aligned bases of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA and 416
bases of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA of 19 gymnotiform genera representing
all six recognized families. Six catfish genera (order Siluriformes) were
also sequenced and used as outgroups. The phylogenetic hypothesis resultant
from molecular data analysis differs in some respects from previous
hypotheses based on morphological studies. Our results were most
informative within the family level, as we were unable to elucidate the
relationships among deeper branches in this order with sufficient
confidence by using molecular data alone. The phylogenetic information of
both mitochondrial DNA segments appears to be affected by functional
constraints, and the resultant topologies were sensitive to different
weighting schemes and the algorithm used. Nonetheless, we found unanimous
support for the following phylogenetic relationships: (1) the family
Sternopygidae is an unnatural group, and Sternopygus is the sole
representative of a unique lineage within the order; (2) the family
Hypopomidae is not monophyletic; and (3) the order Gymnotiformes is
composed of at least six natural clades: Sternopygus, family Apteronotidae,
a new clade consisting of the remaining sternopygids, families Hypopomidae
+ Rhamphicthyidae, family Electrophoridae, and family Gymnotidae. By
combining molecular, morphological, and physiological information, we
propose a new hypothesis for the phylogeny of this group and suggest a new
family Eigenmanniidae n. (order Gymnotiformes).
相似文献