Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Novel N-Alkyl/Aryl-1-Nitro-10H-Phenothiazine-3-Sulfonamide Derivatives

Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry - A series of new derivatives of N-alkyl/aryl-1-nitro-10H-phenothiazine-3-sulfonamides were developed and synthesized by 1-nitro-10H-phenothiazine-3-sulfonyl...     

The pachytene chromosomes of Ipomoea crassicaulis

Summary The detailed morphology of the pachytene chromosomes and microsporogenesis have been studied in a diploid (2 n=30) American species, Ipomoea crassicaulis (Bth) B. L. Robinson. Idiogram of the pachytene chromosomes is presented and taking advantage of the extreme precision that pachytene analysis can lend, karyological characteristics of the haploid complement have been worked out in detail and individual chromosomes are identified. The course of meiosis was normal and over ninety five percent of pollen were found stainable. The urgent need for extending similar studies to other taxa in this economically important genus for unravelling phyletic relationships has been stressed.

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Zusammenfassung Bei der diploiden amerikanischen Ipomoea crassicaulis (Bth) B.L. Robinson (2 n=30) wird die Morphologie der Pachytänchromosomen und die Mikrosporogenese untersucht. Das Idiogramm der Pachytänchromosomen wird aufgestellt und unter Ausnutzung der großen Präzisionsmöglichkeit der Pachytänanalyse werden die charakteristischen Daten des haploiden Chromosomensatzes erarbeitet und alle Chromosomen identifiziert. Die Meiose verläuft normal und liefert zu mehr als 95% guten Pollen. Die Notwendigkeit umfassender ähnlicher Untersuchungen bei anderen taxonomischen Einheiten aus dieser wirtschaftlich wichtigen Gattung zwecks Klärung phylogenetischer Beziehungen wird nachdrücklich hervorgehoben.

     

Viscera-Associated Bacterial Diversity Among Intertidal Gastropods from Northern-Atlantic Coast of Portugal

Culture-dependent evaluation of the bacteria was carried out on gastropods, such as Monodonta lineata, Gibbula umbilicalis, Nucella lapillus and Patella intermedia, and the environmental samples (biofilm and surrounding sea water) collected from six different locations of Northern Portugal coastal area to investigate the interactions between the microbes in the viscera of gastropods and in the environment. A total of 141 isolates and 39 operational taxonomic units were identified. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene showed that bacterial isolates are highly diverse and most of them were found in other marine environment. The observed bacterial diversity was distributed over five different classes (Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Flavobacteria, Bacilli and Actinobacteria) with the greatest number of 16S rRNA gene sequence derived from the Gammaproteobacteria (77 %). Vibrio is found to be the dominant one among the different bacterial species isolated. The results suggest that the microorganisms in the environment are maintained in the viscera of the gastropods which may have a key role in the metabolic functions.     

Modulation of ASK1 expression during overexpression of Trx and HSP70 in stressed fish liver mitochondria

Mitochondrial heat shock protein 70 (mtHSP70) is found to play a primary role in cellular defense against physiological stress like exposure to environmental contaminants and helpful in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by promoting the cell survival. In the present investigation, the environmental-stress-induced increase in mtHSP70 levels along with the quantification of apoptosis signal regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and thioredoxin (Trx) were measured in the liver mitochondria of grey mullets (Mugil cephalus) collected from the polluted Ennore estuary and the unpolluted Kovalam estuary for a period of 2 years. The results showed elevated lipid peroxide (LPO) and decreased total antioxidant capacity along with the decrease in mitochondrial viability percentage. Mitochondrial HSP70, ASK1, and Trx levels were increased under this stress condition. A 42% increase in LPO levels and 18% decrease in mitochondrial survivality were observed in the polluted-site fish liver mitochondria when compared to the results of unpolluted estuary. We also report that, under observed oxidative stress condition in Ennore fish samples, the ASK1 levels are only moderately elevated (13% increase). This may be due to mitochondrial-HSP70-induced adaptive tolerance signaling for the activation of Trx (22% increase) which suppresses the ASK1 expression thereby promoting the cell survival that leads to the maintenance of the cellular homeostasis.     

Microwave assisted synthesis of (<Emphasis Type="Italic">E</Emphasis>)-1-(2-((1-benzyl-1<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)-3-(9-ethyl-9<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>-carbazol-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-ones and their antimicrobial activity

A novel series of 1,2,3-triazolo-carbazole chalcones were synthesized by the Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction followed by the copper catalyzed Huisgen (2 + 3) cycloaddition reaction by conventional as well as microwave irradiation methods. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established on the basis of IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and mass spectral data. All the compounds were screened in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activities.     

Characterization of antibodies to chicken riboflavin carrier protein: Antigenicity of the tryptic fragments

The antigenecity of tryptic fragments of reduced and carboxymethylated chicken riboflavin carrier protein were studied. The tryptic sites of the native riboflavin carrier protein bound to riboflavin were inaccessible. The molecular weight and the elution profile on high performance liquid chromatography (TSK 545 DEAE) were unaltered at an enzyme to substrate ratio of 1:31. However, carboxymethylated riboflavin carrier protein could be cleaved into 3 or 4 fragments at an enzyme to substrate ratio of 1:250 or 1:125. Chromatographic separation of the tryptic fragments on high pressure liquid chromatography (TSK 545 DEAE) revealed the presence of two fragments with different elution profiles but similar molecular weight 26 ±2 kDa. Only one fragment (associated with peak 2) had the ability to displace chicken riboflavin carrier protein in an homologous chicken riboflavin carrier protein radioimmunoassay. Thus, carboxymethylated ribotlavin carrier protein which does not compete with chicken riboflavin carrier protein in the radioimmunoassay, on mild trypsinization generates a fragment which interacts with chicken riboflavin carrier protein in radioimmunoassay.     

Isolation and characterization of a naturally occurring inhibitor from mung bean (Vigna radiata) seedlings for serine hydroxymethyltransferase.

A naturally occurring inhibitor of serine hydroxymethyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.1) in mung bean seedlings extracts was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, phenyl-Sepharose chromatography followed by heating to release the inhibitor bound to the protein. The inhibitor had an absorption maximum at 200 nm, was not precipitated by trichloroacetic acid, was dialysable and resistant to inactivation by heating at 98 degrees C for 4 hr, protease and ribonuclease digestion; but was acid labile. The chromatographically pure preparation inhibited both mung bean and sheep liver SHMT. Qualitative and quantitative analyses indicated that it contained a carbohydrate moiety, an O-amino and vicinal diol groups. Paper electrophoresis at pH 4.3 suggested that the inhibitor was positively charged.