Methyl iodide reactions on the surface of mechanically pre-activated platinum(II) salt in the heterogeneous system: K2PtCl4 powder–MeI vapor

Mechanically pre-activated K₂PtCl₄ salt consumes methyl iodide producing methyl chloride at room temperature. The reaction mechanism includes the following steps sequence: oxidative addition of methyl iodide to platinum(II) complexes with intermediate formation of methyl platinum(IV) complexes and further decomposition of the latter in the course of innersphere reductive elimination yielding methyl chloride. The first step of the reaction proceeds owing to the assistance of active centers regenerated in the course of each event of MeI into MeCl transformation taking part in the chain halogen substitution process. It could be assumed that the role of active centers is played by coordinatively unsaturated platinum(II) complexes located on the surface. These species bearing a positive efficient charge can render electrophilic assistance for the nucleophilic substitution. The chain termination can be caused by recombination of coordinatively unsaturated platinum(II) complexes and interstitial chloride ions forming an inactive K₂PtCl₄ complex.     

Effect of gametocidal chromosome 4S' on the phenotype segregation ratio in genetic analysis of common wheat lines

Using experimental data on genetic analysis of introgressive lines for the character "hairy leaf sheath" controlled by the "cuckoo" chromosome 4S1, the algorithm for calculation of the theoretical segregation ratio in F2 was developed. Segregation distortion is caused by non-viability of the majority of gametes lacking the chromosome 4S1. The frequency of functioning gametes without the chromosome 4S1 is determined by the probability p versus the theoretically expected ratio 7 nonviable: 9 viable ones. Since segregation involves two characters, gamete viability and hairiness, the ratio 15 hairy: 1 hairless was used as a basis for search of the frequency p by maximum-likelihood method using 16 populations F2 from crossing the lines differing in the character studied.     

The European Renal Genome Project: An Integrated Approach Towards Understanding the Genetics of Kidney Development and Disease

Rapid progress in genome research creates a wealth of information on the functional annotation of mammalian genome sequences. However, as we accumulate large amounts of scientific information we are facing problems of how to integrate and relate the data produced by various genomic approaches. Here, we propose the novel concept of an organ atlas where diverse data from expression maps to histological findings to mutant phenotypes can be queried, compared and visualized in the context of a three-dimensional reconstruction of the organ. We will seek proof of concept for the organ atlas by elucidating genetic pathways involved in development and pathophysiology of the kidney. Such a kidney atlas may provide a paradigm for a new systems-biology approach in functional genome research aimed at understanding the genetic bases of organ development, physiology and disease.Key Words: EuReGene, kidney, genome, development, pathophysiology, genetics     

Action of novocain on cardiac and somatomotor autorhythmical functions in early postnatal ontogenesis in rats

In conscious rat pups aged 2–3, 10–11, and 22–23 postnatal days, it has been shown that intraperitoneal administration of 0.5% Novocain at a dose of 25 mg/kg body mass leads to phasic changes of the level of spontaneous periodic motor activity—from increased at once after the administration to depression and subsequent restoration. They are accompanied by the cardiac rhythm fluctuations that change with age their direction on the background of an increased motor activity from brady to tachycardia. All the changes are the most pronounced in newborns. At comparison of the results with the afferent impulsation level fluctuations recorded under the same conditions in the peripheral vagus segment, it is suggested that the revealed reactions are associated with changes of the interoceptive afferentation flow. The conclusion is made that at early stages of ontogenesis, interoception plays an important role in regulation of autorhythmical functions and that this role decreases with age.