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排序方式: 共有278条查询结果,搜索用时 315 毫秒
81.
David W. Scott Caitlin E. Tolbert David M. Graham Erika Wittchen James E. Bear Keith Burridge 《Molecular biology of the cell》2015,26(18):3205-3214
Junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) is an adherens and tight junction protein expressed by endothelial and epithelial cells. JAM-A serves many roles and contributes to barrier function and cell migration and motility, and it also acts as a ligand for the leukocyte receptor LFA-1. JAM-A is reported to contain N-glycans, but the extent of this modification and its contribution to the protein’s functions are unknown. We show that human JAM-A contains a single N-glycan at N185 and that this residue is conserved across multiple mammalian species. A glycomutant lacking all N-glycans, N185Q, is able to reach the cell surface but exhibits decreased protein half-life compared with the wild- type protein. N-glycosylation of JAM-A is required for the protein’s ability to reinforce barrier function and contributes to Rap1 activity. We further show that glycosylation of N185 is required for JAM-A–mediated reduction of cell migration. Finally, we show that N-glycosylation of JAM-A regulates leukocyte adhesion and LFA-1 binding. These findings identify N-glycosylation as critical for JAM-A’s many functions. 相似文献
82.
Glomeruli, neuropilar structures composed of olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) axon terminals and central neuron dendrites, are a common feature of olfactory systems. Typically, ORN axons segregate into glomeruli based on odor specificity, making glomeruli the basic unit for initial processing of odorant information. Developmentally, glomeruli arise from protoglomeruli, loose clusters of ORN axons that gradually synapse onto dendrites. Previous work in the moth Manduca sexta demonstrated that protoglomeruli develop in a wave across the antennal lobe (AL) during stage 5 of the 18 stages of metamorphic adult development. However, ORN axons from the distal segments of the antenna arrive at the AL for several more days. We report that protoglomeruli present at stage 5 account for only approximately two or three of adult glomeruli with the number of structures increasing over subsequent stages. How do these later arriving axons incorporate into glomeruli? Examining the dendritic projections of a unique serotonin-containing neuron into glomeruli at later stages revealed glomeruli with immature dendritic arbors intermingled among more mature glomeruli. Labeling ORN axons that originate in proximal segments of the antenna suggested that early-arriving axons target a limited number of glomeruli. We conclude that AL glomeruli form over an extended time period, possibly as a result of ORNs expressing new odorant receptors arriving from distal antennal segments. 相似文献
83.
Blanton S. Tolbert Yasuyuki Miyazaki Shawn Barton Benyam Kinde Patrice Starck Rashmi Singh Ad Bax David A. Case Michael F. Summers 《Journal of biomolecular NMR》2010,47(3):205-219
Ribonucleic acid structure determination by NMR spectroscopy relies primarily on local structural restraints provided by 1H–
1H NOEs and J-couplings. When employed loosely, these restraints are broadly compatible with A- and B-like helical geometries
and give rise to calculated structures that are highly sensitive to the force fields employed during refinement. A survey
of recently reported NMR structures reveals significant variations in helical parameters, particularly the major groove width.
Although helical parameters observed in high-resolution X-ray crystal structures of isolated A-form RNA helices are sensitive
to crystal packing effects, variations among the published X-ray structures are significantly smaller than those observed
in NMR structures. Here we show that restraints derived from aromatic 1H–
13C residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) and residual chemical shift anisotropies (RCSAs) can overcome NMR restraint and force
field deficiencies and afford structures with helical properties similar to those observed in high-resolution X-ray structures. 相似文献
84.
Dimerization can be utilized to double the molecular weight of proteins and peptides and potentially increase their avidity of binding to target receptors. These dimerization effects may be utilized to increase in vivo half-lives in a manner similar to PEGylation and may also improve biological activity. In this paper, we report a new strategy for the synthesis of N-terminally linked protein and peptide homodimers utilizing native chemical ligation to conjugate a short dithioester linker to the N-terminal cysteines of protein and peptide monomers to form dimers in a single step. This strategy is general and has been applied to the production of dimers from three recombinantly expressed polypeptides, the IgG binding domain Protein G, an HIV entry inhibitor peptide C37H6, and human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). The biological activities of the C37H6 and IL-1ra dimers produced by these methods were retained or even slightly increased when compared to their corresponding monomers. 相似文献
85.
In adult olfactory nerves of mammals and moths, a network of glial cells ensheathes small bundles of olfactory receptor axons. In the developing antennal nerve (AN) of the moth Manduca sexta, the axons of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) migrate from the olfactory sensory epithelium toward the antennal lobe. Here we explore developmental interactions between ORN axons and AN glial cells. During early stages in AN glial-cell migration, glial cells are highly dye coupled, dividing glia are readily found in the nerve and AN glial cells label strongly for glutamine synthetase. By the end of this period, dye-coupling is rare, glial proliferation has ceased, glutamine synthetase labeling is absent, and glial processes have begun to extend to enwrap bundles of axons, a process that continues throughout the remainder of metamorphic development. Whole-cell and perforated-patch recordings in vivo from AN glia at different stages of network formation revealed two potassium currents and an R-like calcium current. Chronic in vivo exposure to the R-type channel blocker SNX-482 halted or greatly reduced AN glial migration. Chronically blocking spontaneous Na-dependent activity by injection of tetrodotoxin reduced the glial calcium current implicating an activity-dependent interaction between ORNs and glial cells in the development of glial calcium currents. 相似文献
86.
Roney S Coimbra Veronique Voisin Antoine B de Saizieu Raija LP Lindberg Matthias Wittwer David Leppert Stephen L Leib 《BMC biology》2006,4(1):15-18
Background
Pneumococcal meningitis is associated with high mortality (~30%) and morbidity. Up to 50% of survivors are affected by neurological sequelae due to a wide spectrum of brain injury mainly affecting the cortex and hippocampus. Despite this significant disease burden, the genetic program that regulates the host response leading to brain damage as a consequence of bacterial meningitis is largely unknown. 相似文献87.
Rotation of anatomic breast implants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wilkinson TS 《Plastic and reconstructive surgery》2003,112(3):919-20; author reply 920
88.
Tolbert WD Zhang Y Cottet SE Bennett EM Ekstrom JL Pegg AE Ealick SE 《Biochemistry》2003,42(8):2386-2395
S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) is a pyruvoyl-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the aminopropyl group donor in the biosynthesis of the polyamines spermidine and spermine. The enzyme is synthesized as a protein precursor and is activated by an autocatalytic serinolysis reaction that creates the pyruvoyl group. The autoprocessing reaction proceeds via an N --> O acyl rearrangement, generating first an oxyoxazolidine anion intermediate followed by an ester intermediate. A similar strategy is utilized in self-catalyzed protein splicing reactions and in autoproteolytic activation of protein precursors. Mutation of Ser68 to alanine in human AdoMetDC prevents processing by removing the serine side chain necessary for nucleophilic attack at the adjacent carbonyl carbon atom. We have determined the X-ray structure of the S68A mutant and have constructed models of the proenzyme and the oxyoxazolidine intermediate. Formation of the oxyoxazolidine intermediate is promoted by a hydrogen bond from Cys82 and stabilized by a hydrogen bond from Ser229. These observations are consistent with mutagenesis studies, which show that the C82S and C82A mutants process slowly and that the S229A mutant does not process at all. Donation of a proton by His243 to the nitrogen atom of the oxyoxazolidine ring converts the oxyoxazolidine anion to the ester intermediate. The absence of a base to activate the hydroxyl group of Ser68 suggests that strain may play a role in the cleavage reaction. Comparison of AdoMetDC with other self-processing proteins shows no common structural features. Comparison to histidine decarboxylase and aspartate decarboxylase shows that these pyruvoyl-dependent enzymes evolved different catalytic strategies for forming the same cofactor. 相似文献
89.
Higgins MR Gibson NJ Eckholdt PA Nighorn A Copenhaver PF Nardi J Tolbert LP 《Developmental biology》2002,244(1):134-154
During development of the primary olfactory projection, olfactory receptor axons must sort by odor specificity and seek particular sites in the brain in which to create odor-specific glomeruli. In the moth Manduca sexta, we showed previously that fasciclin II, a cell adhesion molecule in the immunoglobulin superfamily, is expressed by the axons of a subset of olfactory receptor neurons during development and that, in a specialized glia-rich "sorting zone," these axons segregate from nonfasciclin II-expressing axons before entering the neuropil of the glomerular layer. The segregation into fasciclin II-positive fascicles is dependent on the presence of the glial cells in the sorting zone. Here, we explore the expression patterns for different isoforms of Manduca fasciclin II in the developing olfactory system. We find that olfactory receptor axons express transmembrane fasciclin II during the period of axonal ingrowth and glomerulus development. Fascicles of TM-fasciclin II+ axons target certain glomeruli and avoid others, such as the sexually dimorphic glomeruli. These results suggest that TM-fasciclin II may play a role in the sorting and guidance of the axons. GPI-linked forms of fasciclin II are expressed weakly by glial cells associated with the receptor axons before they reach the sorting zone, but not by sorting-zone glia. GPI-fasciclin II may, therefore, be involved in axon-glia interactions related to stabilization of axons in the nerve, but probably not related to sorting. 相似文献
90.
Henar Alonso-Pimentel Leslie P. Tolbert William B. Heed 《Cell and tissue research》1994,275(3):467-479
The insemination reaction is a swelling of the female vagina caused by the male ejaculate. This postmating phenomenon is common among species in the genus Drosophila. It could act as a plug securing male paternity. It is not clear, however, what benefits it provides to the female. The structure formed in the female vagina is expelled in some species and disappears gradually in others suggesting different phenomena. Based on ultrastructural examination of the vaginal contents of five Drosophila species (D. mettleri, D. nigrospiracula, D. melanogaster, D. mojavensis, and D. hexastigma), we propose three terms to describe these vaginal structures: the sperm sac, the mating plug, and the true insemination reaction. Each term describes a distinct structure associated with a specific female postmating behavior. This study questions the concept of the insemination reaction as a single phenomenon and discusses its possible functions from an evolutionary perspective. 相似文献