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51.
52.
Susan Rees Derrick Silove Teresa Verdial Natalino Tam Elisa Savio Zulmira Fonseca Rosamund Thorpe Belinda Liddell Anthony Zwi Kuowei Tay Robert Brooks Zachary Steel 《PloS one》2013,8(8)
Introduction
Women in conflict-affected countries are at risk of mental disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. No studies have investigated the association between experiences of abuse and injustice and explosive anger amongst women in these settings, and the impact of anger on women''s health, family relationships and ability to participate in development.Methods
A mixed methods study including an epidemiological survey (n = 1513, 92.6% response) and qualitative interviews (n = 77) was conducted in Timor-Leste. The indices measured included Intermittent Explosive Disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder; severe distress; days out of role (the number of days that the person was unable to undertake normal activities); gender-specific trauma; conflict/violence; poverty; and preoccupations with injustice.Results
Women with Intermittent Explosive Disorder (n = 184, 12.2%) were more disabled than those without the disorder (for >5 days out of role, 40.8% versus 31.5%, X2 (2) = 12.93 p = 0.0016). Multivariable associations with Intermittent Explosive Disorder, controlling for the presence of PTSD, psychological distress and other predictors in the model, included the sense of being sick (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.08–2.77); victimization as a result of helping the resistance movement (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.48–3.68); war-related trauma specific to being a woman (OR 1.95, 95%, CI 1.09–3.50); ongoing family violence and community conflict (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.27–2.77); extreme poverty (OR 1.23, 95%, CI 1.08–1.39); and distressing preoccupations with injustice (relating to 2/3 historical periods, OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.35–3.28). In the qualitative study, women elaborated on the determinants of anger and its impact on their health, family and community functioning, child-rearing, and capacity to engage in development. Women reflected on the strategies that might help them overcome their anger.Conclusions
Intermittent Explosive Disorder is prevalent and disabling amongst women in conflict-affected Timor-Leste, impacting on their health, child-rearing and ability to participate fully in socio-economic development. 相似文献53.
Engineering organs and tissues with the spatial composition and organisation of their native equivalents remains a major challenge. One approach to engineer such spatial complexity is to recapitulate the gradients in regulatory signals that during development and maturation are believed to drive spatial changes in stem cell differentiation. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation is known to be influenced by both soluble factors and mechanical cues present in the local microenvironment. The objective of this study was to engineer a cartilaginous tissue with a native zonal composition by modulating both the oxygen tension and mechanical environment thorough the depth of MSC seeded hydrogels. To this end, constructs were radially confined to half their thickness and subjected to dynamic compression (DC). Confinement reduced oxygen levels in the bottom of the construct and with the application of DC, increased strains across the top of the construct. These spatial changes correlated with increased glycosaminoglycan accumulation in the bottom of constructs, increased collagen accumulation in the top of constructs, and a suppression of hypertrophy and calcification throughout the construct. Matrix accumulation increased for higher hydrogel cell seeding densities; with DC further enhancing both glycosaminoglycan accumulation and construct stiffness. The combination of spatial confinement and DC was also found to increase proteoglycan-4 (lubricin) deposition toward the top surface of these tissues. In conclusion, by modulating the environment through the depth of developing constructs, it is possible to suppress MSC endochondral progression and to engineer tissues with zonal gradients mimicking certain aspects of articular cartilage. 相似文献
54.
Jason C. Sewell Hanne Duve Alan Thorpe Julianna A. Altmann 《Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics》2013,31(2):181-199
Abstract A molecular dynamics study was undertaken to determine the conformational basis for the differing activities of the insect neuropeptide hormones calliFMRFamide 3 (SPSQDFMRF-NH2), calliFMRFamide 5 (APGQDFMRF-NH2) and their corresponding free-acid analogues (SPSQDFM- RF-OH and APGQDFMRF-OH) in two insect bioassays. A simulated annealing protocol was used to determine the range of conformers available to the linear peptides. Analysis of the conformers obtained indicated that all the peptides exhibited distinct secondary structure preferences. These, when correlated with their biological activities, enabled the formulation of putative conformation- activity relationships for the peptides. 相似文献
55.
Stephanie A. Schaefer Ming Dong Renee P. Rubenstein Wayne A. Wilkie Brian J. Bahnson Colin Thorpe Sharon Rozovsky 《Journal of molecular biology》2013,425(2):222-231
Sulfur, a key contributor to biological reactivity, is not amendable to investigations by biological NMR spectroscopy. To utilize selenium as a surrogate, we have developed a generally applicable 77Se isotopic enrichment method for heterologous proteins expressed in Escherichia coli. We demonstrate 77Se NMR spectroscopy of multiple selenocysteine and selenomethionine residues in the sulfhydryl oxidase augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR). The resonances of the active-site residues were assigned by comparing the NMR spectra of ALR bound to oxidized and reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide. An additional resonance appears only in the presence of the reducing agent and disappears readily upon exposure to air and subsequent reoxidation of the flavin. Hence, 77Se NMR spectroscopy can be used to report the local electronic environment of reactive and structural sulfur sites, as well as changes taking place in those locations during catalysis. 相似文献
56.
Cassandra L. Pattinson Alicia C. Allan Sally L. Staton Karen J. Thorpe Simon S. Smith 《PloS one》2016,11(1)
The timing, intensity, and duration of exposure to both artificial and natural light have acute metabolic and physiological effects in mammals. Recent research in human adults suggests exposure to moderate intensity light later in the day is concurrently associated with increased body mass; however, no studies have investigated the effect of light exposure on body mass in young children. We examined objectively measured light exposure and body mass of 48 preschool-aged children at baseline, and measured their body mass again 12 months later. At baseline, moderate intensity light exposure earlier in the day was associated with increased body mass index (BMI). Increased duration of light exposure at baseline predicted increased BMI 12-months later, even after controlling for baseline sleep duration, sleep timing, BMI, and activity. The findings identify that light exposure may be a contributor to the obesogenic environment during early childhood. 相似文献
57.
Gemma V. White Emma V. Edgar Duncan S. Holmes Xiao Qing Lewell John Liddle Oxana Polyakova Kathrine J. Smith James H. Thorpe Ann L. Walker Yichen Wang Robert J. Young Alain Hovnanian 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2019,29(6):821-825
Netherton syndrome (NS) is a rare and debilitating severe autosomal recessive genetic skin disease with high mortality rates particularly in neonates. NS is caused by loss-of-function SPINK5 mutations leading to unregulated kallikrein 5 (KLK5) and kallikrein 7 (KLK7) activity. Furthermore, KLK5 inhibition has been proposed as a potential therapeutic treatment for NS. Identification of potent and selective KLK5 inhibitors would enable further exploration of the disease biology and could ultimately lead to a treatment for NS. This publication describes how fragmentation of known trypsin-like serine protease (TLSP) inhibitors resulted in the identification of a series of phenolic amidine-based KLK5 inhibitors 1. X-ray crystallography was used to find alternatives to the phenol interaction leading to identification of carbonyl analogues such as lactam 13 and benzimidazole 15. These reversible inhibitors, with selectivity over KLK1 (10–100 fold), provided novel starting points for the guided growth towards suitable tool molecules for the exploration of KLK5 biology. 相似文献
58.
Oxidative stress is one of the factor contributing to blood brain barrier degeneration. This phenomenon is observed during pathological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease or cerebral amyloid angiopathy in which brain haemorrhages are very frequent. Both diseases are characterized by beta amyloid peptide deposition either in neurons or in vessels. Oxidative stress leads to impairment of mitochondrial functions and apoptotic cell death subsequent to caspases activation. In this paper we demonstrate that BH4 domain of Bcl-xl administrated to endothelial cells as the conjugated form with TAT peptide, reverts Abeta-induced apoptotic cell death by activating a survival programme which is Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase dependent. 相似文献
59.
Short-term variability of airway caliber-a marker of asthma? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chantale Diba Cheryl M Salome Helen K Reddel C William Thorpe Brett Toelle Gregory G King 《Journal of applied physiology》2007,103(1):296-304
Variability in airway caliber is a characteristic feature of asthma. Previous studies reported that the variability in respiratory system impedance (Zrs), measured by the forced oscillation technique during several minutes of tidal breathing, is increased in asthma and may be a marker of inherent instability of the airways. The aims of this study were to determine if short-term variability in impedance correlates with peak expiratory flow (PEF) variability or airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). The SD of log-transformed impedance (lnZrsSD) was measured as a marker of short-term variability and compared with the diurnal variability of PEF over 2 wk in 28 asthmatic and 7 nonasthmatic subjects and with AHR to histamine in a cohort of 17 asthmatic and 82 nonasthmatic subjects. In addition, lnZrsSD was measured in eight nonasthmatic subjects before and after methacholine challenge in the upright and supine positions. There were no significant differences in lnZrsSD between asthmatic and nonasthmatic subjects (P = 0.68). Furthermore, in asthmatic subjects, lnZrsSD did not correlate with diurnal variability of PEF (rs = -0.12 P = 0.54) or with AHR to histamine (r = 0.10, P = 0.71). Neither methacholine challenge nor supine posture caused any significant change in lnZrsSD. We conclude that our findings do not support previous reports about the utility of short-term variability of impedance. Our findings suggest that, using standard methods for forced oscillometry, impedance variability does not provide clinically useful information about the severity of asthma. 相似文献
60.
Hernandez-Trejo A B Estrada-Drouaillet JA López-Santillán C Rios-Velasco SE Varela-Fuentes R Rodríguez-Herrera E Osorio-Hernández 《Phyton》2019,88(1):47-54
The control of Spodoptera frugiperda is based
on synthetic insecticides, so some alternatives are the use of
entomopathogenic fungi (EF) and neem extract. The objective of
the study was to evaluate in vitro effectiveness of native EF and
neem extracts on S. frugiperda larvae. Six EF were identified by
DNA sequencing of ITS regions from three EF (Fusarium solani,
Metarrhizium robertsii, Nigrospora spherica and Penicillium
citrinum). They were evaluated in concentrations of 1 × 10⁸ spores/
mL. In addition, a second bioassay was carried out evaluating
only F. solani, M. robertsii and N. sphaerica and the addition
of vegetable oil. On the other hand, extraction of secondary
metabolites from neem seed (Azadirachta indica) was carried
out by performing, mass (g) and solvent volume (mL ethanol
and water) combinations, which were subjected to microwaves
and ultrasound. Subsequently, these extracts were evaluated
in concentrations of 3%, 4% and 5%. A survival analysis was
performed for each of the bioassays. With respect to the results
of the first bioassay, F. solani obtained a probability of survival of
0.476 on the seventh day, while in the second bioassay, M. robertsii
obtained 0.488 survival probability. This suggests that the expected
percentage of larvae that stay alive on the sixth day is 48.8%.
However, in the evaluation of the neem extract the combination
1:12/70% to 4% caused 84% mortality of larvae. The use of native
HE and neem extracts has potential for the control of S. frugiperda. 相似文献