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21.
22.
Genetic transformation in Helicobacter pylori was investigated by using its chromosomal and plasmid DNAs. Six out of the eight strains exhibited the natural competence for incorporation of H. pylori chromosomal DNA, and all the strains incorporated the donor DNA efficiently by washing and concentrating the cells, with a glycerol solution. The much higher frequency of transformation was obtained in each strain by means of electroporation. Electroporation experiments were also conducted by use of the recombinant DNAs consisting of the H. pylori and Escherichia coli plasmids as the donors, and the occurrence of the homologous recombination was demonstrated between the incoming H. pylori plasmid-derived region and the corresponding region of the originally residing plasmid in H. pylori. 相似文献
23.
Yoriko Masuda Satoshi Haramizu Kasumi Oki Koichiro Ohnuki Tatsuo Watanabe Susumu Yazawa Teruo Kawada Shu-ichi Hashizume Tohru Fushiki 《Journal of applied physiology》2003,95(6):2408-2415
Capsiate is a nonpungent capsaicin analog, a recently identified principle of the nonpungent red pepper cultivar CH-19 Sweet. In the present study, we report that 2-wk treatment of capsiate increased metabolic rate and promoted fat oxidation at rest, suggesting that capsiate may prevent obesity. To explain these effects, at least in part, we examined uncoupling proteins (UCPs) and thyroid hormones. UCPs and thyroid hormones play important roles in energy expenditure, the maintenance of body weight, and thermoregulation. Two-week treatment of capsiate increased the levels of UCP1 protein and mRNA in brown adipose tissue and UCP2 mRNA in white adipose tissue. This dose of capsiate did not change serum triiodothyronine or thyroxine levels. A single dose of capsiate temporarily raised both UCP1 mRNA in brown adipose tissue and UCP3 mRNA in skeletal muscle. These results suggest that UCP1 and UCP2 may contribute to the promotion of energy metabolism by capsiate, but that thyroid hormones do not. 相似文献
24.
Podocytes outgrown from isolated glomeruli in vitro have failed to express fully differentiated in vivo phenotypes. In an
attempt to determine whether podocytes in metanephric culture accomplish terminal differentiation, as observed in vivo, we
investigated expression of their characteristic phenotypic features in rat metanephric organ cultures using immunohistochemistry
and electron microscopy. Rat metanephroi were harvested on embryonic day 12.5 and cultured on transmembrane filters for 9
days. Morphological examination revealed two maturation stages when the podocytes resembled those of the S-shaped body stage
and maturational stages of glomeruli in vivo. Electron microscopy revealed that, firstly podocytes lost their intercellular
contacts and, simultaneously, the tight junctions shifted into close proximity to cell bases, followed by foot process development.
Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the tight junction protein, ZO-1, and specific podocytic markers, pp44, 5-1–6, podocalyxin
and vimentin were expressed in a cell maturity-dependent manner, as observed in newborn rat kidneys. Furthermore, glomerular
basement membrane components, collagen type IV and laminin, were expressed in the glomerular center. Our findings that cell
maturity-dependent expression of structural and functional phenotypes in podocytes in metanephric culture was the same as
that observed in developing kidneys in vivo indicate that podocyte differentiation during glomerulogenesis may be operated
by an intrinsic property, such as programmed cell fate. Furthermore, these highly differentiated podocytes in vitro may provide
clues that will help to establish a podocyte culture system.
Accepted: 26 February 1997 相似文献
25.
Teruo Yamashita Kenji Sakae Shinichi Kobayashi Yuichi Ishihara Takashi Miyake Agboatwalla Mubina Shin Isomura 《Microbiology and immunology》1995,39(6):433-435
Aichi virus was isolated in Vero cells from 5 (2.3%) of 222 Pakistani children with gastroenteritis but none was found in 91 healthy children. Aichi virus was also isolated from 5 (0.7%) of 722 Japanese travelers returned from tours to Southeast Asian countries and complained of gastrointestinal symptoms at the quarantine station of Nagoya International Airport in Japan. Of 5 Japanese travelers, 3 were returning from Indonesia, and 2 from Thailand or Malaysia. These results indicate that Aichi virus or a similar agent is endemic in Southeast Asian countries and is a cause of gastrointestinal symptoms in children in these areas or in Japanese travelers who visit there. 相似文献
26.
It was previously reported thatHistoplasma capsulatum (Hc) yeast not only failed to stimulate a murine macrophage oxidative burst (OB), but they also blunted or abolished OB stimulation by a subsequent encounter with potent stimuli such as zymosan or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). The present studies show that macrophage deactivation is proportional to the time of incubation and the dose of Hc yeast that induce the deactivated state. Hc yeast derived from a virulent strain (G217B) are more efficient inducers of macrophage deactivation than similar preparations derived from the avirulent Downs Hc strain. Yeast cells of two other pathogenic fungi,Candida albicans andCryptococcus neoformans are shown to stimulate rather than deactivate a macrophage OB. 相似文献
27.
Tadamichi Shimizu Yuichi Takakuwa Hiroko Koizumi Teruo Ishibashi Akira Ohkawara 《Histochemistry and cell biology》1995,103(5):363-368
The presence and localization of immuno-analogues of human erythrocyte protein 4.1 and spectrin were examined in the epidermis of psoriasis vulgaris. Immunoblot analysis with antibodies against human erythrocyte protein 4.1 revealed that psoriatic epidermis contains a 4.1-like protein of 80 kDa, and also minor immunoreactive polypeptides, including a 45-kDa polypeptide. The 45-kDa band was not detected in non-lesional epidermis. Lesional epidermis of psoriasis contains spectrin-like proteins of 240 kDa. Analysis with immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that 4.1-like proteins were detected mainly in the cytoplasm of the suprabasal cells in lesional epidermis and in the peripheral cytoplasm of the basal cells in non-lesional epidermis. On the other hand, spectrin-like proteins were localized to the peripheral cytoplasm of basal keratinocytes in both lesional and non-lesional psoriatic epidermis. The present results indicate that proteins related to protein 4.1 and spectrin are consistently detected within epidermal cells of psoriasis, a chronic skin disease characterized by epidermal hyperplasia; the expression and distribution of protein 4.1 in lesional epidermis of psoriasis differs from that in non-lesional epidermis. These membrane skeletal proteins may be of significance in the hyperproliferative epidermis of psoriasis. 相似文献
28.
The relationship between adenine-nucleotide levels and metabolism-dependent membrane potential was studied in cells of Nitellopsis obtusa. Effects of ADP and AMP in the presence of ATP on electrogenic pump activity were measured in the dark, using the continuous perfusion method. Both ADP and AMP acte as competitive inhibitors for ATP, the Ki value for either compound being about 0.4 mM. The role of ADP and AMP as regulating factors for the electrogenic pump was investigated under various metabolic conditions. Application of N2 gas in the dark caused a significant membrane depolarization amounting to 90 mV, but cytoplasmic streaming and membrane excitability were not affected. Under anoxia, the ATP level decreased from 1.6 to 0.5 mM; ADP increased but only slightly, and AMP increased greatly. However, the time course of changes in the adenine nucleotides was not concurrent with that of the membrane-potential changes, thus, the adenine-nucleotide level changes cannot fully account for the N2-elicited depolarization. Under light, although the membrane hyperpolarized, no significant changes in the adenine-nucleotide levels were observed. Therefore, the light-induced membrane hyperpolarization cannot be explained solely by changes in adenine-nucleotide levels.Abbreviations APW
artificial pond water
- Em
membrane potential
- Rm
membrane resistance 相似文献
29.
Summmary Electric characteristics of internodalChara australis cells, from which the tonoplast had been removed by vacuolar perfusion with media containing EGTA, were studied in relation to intracellular concentrations of ATP and Mg2+ using the ordinary microelectrode method and the open-vacuole method developed by Tazawa, Kikuyama and Nakagawa (1975.Plant Cell Physiol.
16:611). The concentration of ATP was decreased by introducing hexokinase and glucose into the cell and that of Mg2+ by introducing EDTA or CyDTA. The membrane potential decrease and the membrane resistance increase were both significant when the ATP or Mg2+ concentration was decreased. An ATP-dependent membrane potential was also found in other species of Characeae,Nitella axillaris andN. pulchella. Excitability of the membrane was also completely lost by reducing the ATP or Mg2+ concentration. Both membrane potential and excitability were recovered by introducing ATP or Mg2+ into ATP- or Mg2+-depleted cells.The time course of membrane potential recovery was followed by the open-vacuole method. Recovery began as soon as intracellular perfusion with medium containing ATP and Mg2+ was started. Reversible transition of the membrane potential between polarized and pepolarized levels by controlling the intracellular concentration of ATP or Mg2+ could be repeated many times by the open-vacuole method, when the excitability was suppressed by addition of Pb2+ to the external medium.The ineffectiveness of an ATP analog, AMP-PNP, and the synergism of ATP and Mg2+ in maintaining the membrane potential and excitability strongly suggest that ATP act via its hydrolysis by Mg2+-activated ATPase. The passive nature of the membrane, as judged from responses of the membrane potential to changes of the external K+ concentration, was not altered by lowering the ATP concentration in the cell. The mechanism of membrane potential generation dependent on ATP is discussed on the basic of an electrogenic ion pump. Involvement of the membrane potential generated by the ion pump in the action potential is also discussed. 相似文献
30.
The quantity of organic acids ( lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid ) in the content of the gastrointestinal tract of germ-free and conventional rats and the effects of the organic acid on the motility of the gastrointestinal tract of rats were investigated.Organic acids were detected only in the gastrointestinal contents of conventional rats but not in those of germ-free rats.Lactic acid detected in the stomach of rats stimulated the motility of both small and large bowel while acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid found in the cecum stimulated the motility of the large bowel but not of small bowel. 相似文献