To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) and oxycodone (Oxy) on neurocognitive and inflammatory response after tourniquet-induced ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. C57/BL6 mice were used to construct the mouse model of tourniquet-induced I/R injury. Mice (n?=?48) were randomly divided into sham, I/R, Dex or Oxy group. Morris water maze test was performed to assess the spatial learning and memory function. The expression of NF-κB, TLR4, NR2B, M1 (CD68 and TNF-α) and M2 (CD206 and IL-10) polarization markers in mice hippocampus were detected by western blot or immunofluorescent staining. Spontaneous excitatory post-synaptic currents (sEPSCs) were recorded by electrophysiology. Dex treatment alleviated I/R-induced declines in learning and memory (p < 0.05), while Oxy had no significant effect on it. Compared with I/R group, Dex and Oxy treatment down-regulated the expression of NF-κB, TLR4, TNF-α and CD68 (all p < 0.05), while no significantly different was found in CD206 and IL-10. In addition, Dex treatment down-regulated the expression of NR2B and reduced the frequency and amplitude of sEPSCs in I/R model mice (all p < 0.05), while Oxy had no significant effect on them. Tourniquet-induced I/R could impair the neurocognitive function of mice. Dex treatment could alleviate I/R-induced neurocognitive disorder by inhibiting abnormal synaptic transmission in hippocampal neurons. Both Dex and Oxy could alleviate the inflammatory response likely by inhibiting the polarization of microglia toward M1 phenotype via TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Future studies are needed to further examine the effects of Dex on neurocognitive disorder after tourniquet-induced I/R injury and investigate the exact mechanism.
Plant shoot phototropism is triggered by the formation of a light-driven auxin gradient leading to bending growth. The blue light receptor phototropin 1(phot1) senses light direction, but how this leads to auxin gradient formation and growth regulation remains poorly understood. Previous studies have suggested phot1’s role for regulated apoplastic acidification, but its relation to phototropin and hypocotyl phototropism is unclear. Herein, we show that blue light can cause phot1 to interact with... 相似文献
A structurally simple molecular 1,10‐phenanthroline‐Cu complex on a mesostructured graphene matrix that can be active and selective toward CO2 reduction over H2 evolution in an aqueous solution is reported. The active sites consist of Cu(I) center in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry, which enables the adsorption of CO2 with η1‐COO‐like configuration to commence the catalysis, with a turnover frequency of ≈45 s?1 at ?1 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Using in situ infrared spectroelectrochemical investigation, it is demonstrated that the Cu complex can be reversibly heterogenized near the graphene surface via potential control. An increase of electron density in the complex is observed as a result of the interaction from the electric field, which further tunes the electron distribution in the neighboring CO2. It is also found that the mesostructure of graphene matrix favored CO2 reduction on the Cu center over hydrogen evolution by limiting mass transport from the bulk solution to the electrode surface. 相似文献
The ethoxy chains of short ethoxy chain nonylphenol (NPEOav2.0, containing average 2.0 ethoxy units) were dehydrogenated by cell-free extracts from Ensifer sp. strain AS08 grown on a basal medium supplemented with NPEOav2.0. The reaction was coupled with the reduction in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and phenazine
methosulfate. The enzyme (NPEOav2.0 dehydrogenase; NPEO-DH) was purified to homogeneity with a yield of 20% and a 56-fold increase in specific activity. The
molecular mass of the native enzyme was 120 kDa, consisting of two identical monomer units (60 kDa). The gene encoding NPEO-DH
was cloned, which consisted of 1,659 bp, corresponding to a protein of 553 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence
agreed with the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified NPEO-DH. The presence of a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-binding
motif and glucose–methanol–choline (GMC) oxidoreductase signature motifs strongly suggested that the enzyme belongs to the
GMC oxidoreductase family. The protein exhibited homology (40–45% identity) with several polyethylene glycol dehydrogenases
(PEG-DHs) of this family, but the identity was lower than those (approximately 58%) among known PEG-DHs. The substrate-binding
domain was more hydrophobic compared with those of glucose oxidase and PEG-DHs. The recombinant protein had the same molecular
mass as the purified NPEO-DH and dehydrogenated PEG400-2000, NPEOav2.0 and its components, and NPEOav10, but only slight or no activity was found using diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and
PEG200.
English edition: The paper was edited by a native speaker through American Journal Experts (). 相似文献
The bacterial protein tyrosine phosphatase YopH is an essential virulence determinant in Yersinia pestis and a potential antibacterial drug target. Here we report our studies of screening for small molecule inhibitors of YopH using both high throughput and in silico approaches. The identified inhibitors represent a diversity of chemotypes and novel pTyr mimetics, providing a starting point for further development and fragment-based design of multi-site binding inhibitors. We demonstrate that the applications of high throughput and virtual screening, when guided by structural binding mode analysis, is an effective approach for identifying potent and selective inhibitors of YopH and other protein phosphatases for rational drug design. 相似文献
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of interankle systolic blood pressure difference (sIAND) and its influencing factors in community population.
Methods
This study included 2849 (65.1±9.4 y) subjects. Blood pressure (BPs) of four limbs was simultaneously measured with 4 electronic sphygmomanometers after 10 min rest in supine position. The difference of systolic BP (SBP) between two ankles was calculated as DETASBP. The criterion for abnormal sIAND was ≥10 mmHg of absolute DeltaSBP, in which the criterion for 1o sIAND was 10–19 mmHg and for 2o sIAND was ≥20 mmHg. Age, gender, smoking, hypertension, family histories of hypertension and diabetes were recorded. Fasting blood glucose and lipids, circumference of hip and waist, and body mass index (BMI) were measured.
Results
The SBP was higher in the right ankle than in the left ankle (158.9±21.8 vs 157.3±21.6 mmHg, P<0.05) and mean DeltaSBP was 6.08±6.26 mmHg. Similar difference was found in both genders. The prevalence of abnormal was 18.5%, in which, the prevalence 1o sIAND was 15.3% and that of 2o sIAND was 3.1%. Multivariate regression analysis showed that age, waist circumference and blood glucose level were the positive factors for DeltaSBP. The normal upper limit for DeltaSBP was 16.7 mmHg in this population, the prevalence of sIAND by≥16 mmHg was 5.8%.
Conclusion
Aging, hypertension, obesity and abnormal glucose metabolism are positive factors for inter-ankle SBP difference. 相似文献